燃煤型慢性砷毒接触者发砷含量的比较研究

对贵州安龙燃煤型砷中毒病区地方性慢性砷毒接触者发砷含量与年龄、性别、病情的关系进行了研究。结果显示,病区砷中毒患者和亚临床患者发砷含量均呈２０倍以上高于正常对照组;患者发砷含量有随病情轻重程度而增高的倾向;正常人群中发砷含量男高于女的现象在燃煤型砷中毒患者和亚临床患者中不再存在,且反有女性高于男性的倾向。另外,本组患者发砷含量有随年龄增加而增高的趋势,这主要是女性患者发砷含量随年龄增加而增高的因素造成的。上述研究结果表明,发砷含量与环境煤砷污染有密切关系,发砷含量显著升高是燃煤型地方性砷中毒病区存在的主要特征之一;定期发砷含量抽查更宜作为病区的直接监测指标;没有临床表现的病区居民,可能已有亚临床砷中毒患者存在,而对此类患者存在的判断,发砷含量显得更为重点     

江苏省高砷地区尿砷、发砷含量调查

目的：为了解江苏省高砷区居民砷中毒情况,对其尿砷、发砷含量进行测定,以协助地方性砷中毒临床诊断。方法：选择苏北地区高砷村和对照村,采集30岁以上成人尿样和发样,测定其砷含量。结果：高砷村尿砷、发砷含量范围分别在0.008～0.320mg/L和0.068～4.158mg/kg之间,对照村分别在0.004～0.127 mg/L和0.011～0.568mg/kg之间,高砷村明显高于对照村（P〈0.01）。结论：通过尿砷和发砷含量的测定,可协助地方性砷中毒的临床诊断。     

陕西镇巴双河村燃煤型地方性砷中毒流行现状调查

目的:了解双河村地方性砷中毒流行现状,为防治研究提供科学依据。方法:选择双河村常住人口且年龄在6周岁以上人群作为调查对象;同时,另选一个没有砷污染的旬邑县作为对照。采集与双河村居民生活密切相关的饮用水、土壤、玉米、辣椒、室内空气、石煤以及部分居民的头发和尿液样品,测定砷含量。同时,对该村常住居民进行地方性砷中毒临床检查和流行病学调查。结果:调查结果显示,除水和土壤砷含量远低于国家标准外,石煤、发砷和尿砷含量均全部超标,室内空气、玉米、辣椒中的砷含量也不同程度的超标,且部分样品超标严重。地方性砷中毒临床诊断结果显示,该村患病率高达31.60%。结论:双河村已经成为燃煤型地方性砷中毒发病较重的村。     

江苏省泗洪县高砷区尿砷和发砷含量调查

目的研究泗洪县高砷区居民体内砷的蓄积与排泄情况。方法在泗洪县选择一个高砷村和一个对照村,在每个村分别采集不少于20名30岁以上成年人的尿和头发样品,测定其砷含量。结果高砷村的尿砷、发砷含量明显高于对照村(P<0.05)。高砷村的男性尿砷、发砷含量和女性比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。高砷村尿砷含量、发砷含量和年龄之间存在正相关(P<0.05)。结论泗洪县长期暴露于高砷环境但没有出现任何症状的人群,尿砷含量和发砷含量都要明显高于当地非病区正常值,且尿砷含量、发砷含量随着年龄增长而增加。     

改水后10 ~ 16年饮水型地方性砷中毒病区居民恶性肿瘤死亡分析

目的:了解饮水型地方性砷中毒病区人群在改水后10 ~ 16年全死因与恶性肿瘤死亡情况,探讨改水对防治砷中毒远期危害的效果。方法:2020年4月,在山西省应县和山阴县的饮水型地方性砷中毒病区,选择在2003年实施改水的病区村作为调查点,以调查点的常住居民作为砷暴露组,并选取非病区村居民作为对照组,调查分析两组人群在201...     

黔西南州燃煤型砷中毒病区综合防治后相关健康行为及病情调查

目的:评价综合防治砷中毒后相关健康行为及病情,为采取针对性干预措施提供依据。方法:于2013年选择兴仁、安龙2个燃煤污染型砷中毒病区县,随机抽取2个病区村作为调查点,调查禁采高砷煤管理情况,按照《地方性砷中毒诊断标准》(WS/T 211-2001)对调查点所有暴露人群进行检查和判定,并采集病人尿样30份,按二乙基二硫代氨基甲酸银-三乙醇胺分光光度测定方法(WS/T 28)检测尿中砷含量。每个调查点随机抽取10户家庭,入户调查病区村家庭健康相关生活行为。结果:调查点11个高砷煤矿管理到位,无人偷采。调查砷暴露人群2360人,砷中毒病例数324例,患病率13.73%,无新发病例,尿砷含量在0.0~0.056mg/L之间,几何均数为0.0114 mg/L。家庭健康相关生活行为正确率达100%。结论:病区家庭相关健康生活行为方式已经形成,砷污染得到有效控制,无新发病例。     

渝东南燃煤区人群尿砷调查报告

根据“全国地方性环境砷分布调查”的要求 ,为了解三峡库区燃煤地区有无燃煤污染型地方性砷中毒存在 ,在对燃煤区和对照区环境及毛发中砷含量调查的基础上 ,开展了人群尿砷含量检测 ,结果报告于下。1　监测点概况选择燃煤型地氟病不同流行程度 ,具有代表性病区的南川乐村乡 (轻度氟病区 ) ,武隆兴顺乡 (中度氟病区 )各 2～ 3个村为监测点。各监测点平均海拔在 80 0～ 12 0 0ｍ以上 ,经济和生活条件比平坝地区差 ,无工业砷污染 ,当地人群长期使用本地产煤作燃料 ,冬季取暖至少 4个月以上。 1988年为防治地氟病进行了全面炉灶改造 ,部分居民用…     

燃煤型砷中毒病区人群与非病区人群砷甲基化代谢水平的比较

目的 描述燃煤型砷中毒病区人群与非病区人群砷甲基化代谢的特征,比较两区人群砷甲基化代谢水平的差异.方法 于2005年12月随机抽取某燃煤型砷中毒病区常住居民228名(包括116名砷中毒确诊患者,内对照成人60名,14岁以下儿童52名),同时随机抽取非病区常住居民218名(外对照组成人149名,儿童69名),采集空腹晨尿,用离子色谱氢化物发生原子荧光法测定尿中无机砷(InAs)、一甲基胂酸(MMA)和二甲基胂酸(DMA).结果 燃煤型砷中毒病区人群砷的甲基化水平均显著低于非病区人群(P＜0.05),但病区病例组与内对照组之间未见显著差异.病区男性和女性砷的甲基化水平分别低于非病区男性和女性;病区男性对砷的甲基化能力低于女性,但非病区男性与女性之间比较,差异未见统计学意义.病区各年龄段人群砷的甲基化水平均低于非病区居民;随着年龄增加,MMA比例和MMA/InAs比值呈增加趋势,而DMA比例和DMA/MMA比值呈下降的趋势.结论 燃煤型砷中毒病区人群砷的甲基化水平低于非病区人群,男性和女性对砷的甲基化能力存在差异,砷甲基化代谢水平随着年龄增加呈下降趋势.     

2010年陕西省燃煤污染型砷中毒卫生学调查

目的了解陕西省燃煤污染型地方性砷中毒病区病情变化、防砷炉灶使用和相关行为形成情况。方法于2010年对陕西省安康、汉中市的2个县4个自然村进行监测,采用单纯随机抽样方法 ,每村抽取10户家庭,调查炉灶使用及相关行为形成情况;并每村抽取5户家庭,采集煤样测定砷含量。按照WS/T211—2001《地方性砷中毒诊断标准》进行砷中毒病情调查,随机抽取30名砷中毒患者检测尿砷含量。结果铁炉的合格户数和正确使用率均为100%,煤灶的合格户数和正确使用率均较低,分别为36.84%和39.47%;玉米、辣椒食用前的淘洗率均为100%,玉米、辣椒的正确干燥率和保管率均在95%以上。共采煤样20份,砷含量在26.064～307.751mg/kg之间,均值为(123.896±72.085)mg/kg。采集砷中毒病例尿样120份,尿砷含量范围在未检出～0.29 mg/L之间,几何均值为0.036 mg/L。4个村共体检3 514人,检出砷中毒患者234例,检出率为6.66%。结论陕西省燃煤型砷中毒呈流行态势,防砷炉具灶炉损坏现象较多,正确使用率较低。加强病情监测、健康教育和防砷炉具的后期管理工作是今后防治燃煤型地方性砷中毒的关键。     

内蒙古自治区饮水型地方性砷中毒流行现状分析

目的调查内蒙古自治区饮水型地方性砷中毒的流行范围、强度, 以及患病情况和影响因素, 为精准制定防控措施提供科学依据。方法 2018 - 2020年在内蒙古自治区所辖全部旗县的所有自然村按不同供水方式(工程供水、理化净水、分散供水)对居民饮用水进行抽样调查, 采用原子荧光法检测水砷含量。采用《地方性砷中毒诊断》(WS/T 211-2015)对各受检村屯所有正在暴露或以往暴露过高砷水的常住人口进行砷中毒诊断, 查找砷中毒患者, 分析历史病区和高砷村及新发现高砷村的水砷分布情况, 并探讨砷中毒患病情况及影响因素。结果全区共有1 186个砷中毒历史病区和高砷村, 主要分布在巴彦淖尔市、呼和浩特市、包头市等8个盟市的28个旗县, 地区分布呈西多东少趋势。目前历史病区和高砷村的改水率为98.23%(1 165/1 186), 水砷含量合格率为99.83%(1 184/1 186), 水砷含量范围为0.000 ～ 0.093 mg/L;新发现水砷超标村4个, 水砷含量范围为0.074 ～ 0.142 mg/L。在已确定病区和高砷村检出砷中毒患者2 249例, 检出率为1.67%(2 249/134 ...     

新疆地方性砷中毒地区居民改水前后发砷和尿砷的变化

目的 研究砷在人体内蓄积与排泄的情况,评价改水对地方性砷中毒的影响.方法 于2001年追踪调查新疆奎屯高砷区改水前后35人(男性21人,女性14人)和对照区31人尿砷含量(男性14人,女性17人).另外选择奎屯高砷区44人(男性24人,女性20人),追踪其中21人(男性14人,女性7人)发砷变化;并测定了对照区32人(男性16人,女性16人)发砷含量.尿、发中砷含量的测定均采用二乙氨基二硫代甲酸银比色法.结果 改水前男性、女性的尿砷、发砷水平均高于改水后,经秩和检验,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).改水前7人发砷超标,超标率为33.33%;改水后1人发砷超标,超标率为4.76%.改水后高砷区人群尿砷水平高于对照区,高砷区女性尿砷水平高于对照区,高砷区男性、女性的发砷水平均高于对照区,经秩和检验,差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.01).结论 改水可减少砷在人体内蓄积,降低高砷地区地方性砷中毒的流行.     

Research of the physicochemical properties of hair in endemic arsenism area]

The paper reports the results of research of hair in the endemic arsenism area where water with arsenic content is 0.58 mg/L in Kuitun district, Xinjiang. In the area of endemic arsenism, the content of hair arsenic with arsenism patients is higher than that of subjects without arsenism. Hair arsenic content among residents was also higher than those of control areas. The stretch and relative strength of hair of subjects living in the area of endemic arsenism were lower than those of the areas of control. The ultrastructure of hair surface has obvious pathologic changes by scanning electron microscope examination. By using a hygienic standard (the arsenic content of water being 0.03 mg/L) to improve the drinking water for two years, the content of hair arsenic has reduced, approaching 95% upper confidence limit for normal hair (1.5 micrograms/g). The stretch and relative strength of hair have distinctly increased. The ultrastructure of hair surface has returned to near normal. The results of our investigation show that we should pay attention to the latent harm to residents in the high-arsenic-content area. The authors consider that hair arsenic content, stretch and relative strength of hair are sensitive and objective indexes to monitor the effects of improving water quality in area of endemic arsenism.     

三种典型汞污染源暴露人群的发汞水平调查

[目的]研究典型汞污染源暴露人群的发汞含量,为保护相关人群健康提供依据。[方法]收集浙江某电子废弃物回收区人群发样64份,辽宁某煤矿区人群发样145份、尿样145份,上海某医院医护人员发样62份。采用冷原子吸收法测定发总汞和尿汞含量,采用盐酸-甲苯萃取,气相色谱测定甲基汞含量。[结果]电子废弃物回收区人群中酸洗工人头发总汞含量为1.64μg/g,工业区管理人员为0.84μg/g;当地市民头发甲基汞含量为1.25μg/g,酸洗工人仅为0.23μg/g。辽宁铁岭煤矿区人群发汞含量为煤矿工人0.87μg/g、矿区管理人员0.65μg/g、当地居民0.60μg/g,上述3种人群的尿汞含量分别为12.13、2.74、2.14μg/L;上海某医院不同科室的医务人员发汞含量均低于美国环境保护署规定的发汞安全限值1.0μg/g。[结论]台州电子废弃物回收区和铁岭煤矿区工人存在一定的汞污染暴露风险。     

地方性氟砷中毒地区改水10年后对人体血清铁、镁、铜、锌含量影响的研究

了解改水１０年后高氟高砷对血清Ｆｅ、Ｍｇ、Ｃｕ、Ｚｎ含量的影响。「方法」对改水前常住该地区５－１０年的２０－６０岁的１７３名成人（其中５６名为原高氟高砷区居民,６０名为原高氟区居民,５７名为对照区居民）及改水后出生的３－１０岁的６６名儿童进行血清Ｆｅ、Ｍｇ、Ｃｕ、Ｚｎ的测定。     

湖北某矿床开采区居民健康状况心理状态调查

目的 了解具有一般环境生态结局的湖北某矿床开采区居民健康状况及心理状况.方法 采用健康调查问卷、症状自评量表(SCL-90)、状态一特质焦虑问卷(STAI-Form Y)和自行设计的一般状况调查表,选择矿区某村居住10年以上的居民93人为观察组,以居住于同区域、经济状况及生活习惯基本相同、不受矿区生态环境影响的居民101人为对照组,进行流行病学调查,同时收集部分对象尿样和发样,测定其铅、镉、砷、铜、锌含量以及尿总蛋白、N-乙酰-β-D-氨基葡萄糖苷酶(NAG)、δ-氨基酮戊酸(8-ALA)水平.结果 观察组铅、镉、砷接触症状发生率明显高于对照组.观察组尿镉、发镉、发砷、发铅水平均高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).观察组及对照组尿生化指标检查未见明显异常.观察组SCL-90阳性症状调整检出率为8.60%,对照组为0.99%,SCL-90评分中观察组在总分及多项因子得分均明显高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05),表明前者心理卫生状况不及后者;观察组的状态焦虑(S-AI)总体分及分性别S-AI分值高于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05,P＜0.01),表明调查当时观察组焦虑情绪更为明显.观察组的特质焦虑(T-AI)总体分、观察组女性T-AI分值均高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01),表明就人格特质的焦虑倾向来说,观察组尤其是观察组的女性更为明显.结论 矿床开采区居民的心理卫生状况不及非矿区居民,前者焦虑程度比后者高.     

Urinary Arsenic Speciation and its Correlation with 8-OHdG in Chinese Residents Exposed to Arsenic Through Coal Burning

In contrast to arsenicosis caused by consumption of water contaminated by naturally occurring inorganic arsenic, human exposure to this metalloid through coal burning has been rarely reported. In this study, arsenic speciation and 8-hydroxy-2′-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) levels in urine were determined in the Chinese residents exposed to arsenic through coal burning in Guizhou, China, an epidemic area of chronic arsenic poisoning caused by coal burning. The urinary concentrations of inorganic arsenic (iAs), monomethylarsonic acid (MMA), dimethylarsinic acid (DMA) and total arsenic (tAs) of high-arsenic exposed subjects were significantly higher than those of low-arsenic exposed residents. A biomarker of oxidative DNA damage, urinary 8-OHdG level was significantly higher in high-arsenic exposed subjects than that of low exposed. Significant positive correlations were found between 8-OHdG levels and concentrations of iAs, MMA, DMA and tAs, respectively. In addition, a significant negative correlation was observed between 8-OHdG levels and the secondary methylation ratio (DMA/(MMA + DMA)). The results suggest that chronic arsenic exposure through burning coal rich in arsenic is associated with oxidative DNA damages, and that secondary methylation capacity is potentially related to the susceptibility of individuals to oxidative DNA damage induced by arsenic exposure through coal burning in domestic living.     

Human biomonitoring of arsenic and antimony in case of an elevated geogenic exposure.

Part of the northern Palatinate region in Germany is characterized by elevated levels of arsenic and antimony in the soil due to the presence of ore sources and former mining activities. In a biomonitoring study, 218 residents were investigated for a putative increased intake of these elements. Seventy-six nonexposed subjects in a rural region in south lower Saxony were chosen as the reference group. Urine and scalp hair samples were obtained as surrogates to determine the internal exposures to arsenic and antimony. The analyses were performed using graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry except for arsenic in urine, which was determined by the hydride technique. This method does not detect organoarsenicals from seafood, which are not toxicologically relevant. In the northern Palatinate subjects, slightly elevated arsenic contents in urine and scalp hair (presumably not hazardous) could be correlated with an increased arsenic content in the soil. On the other hand, the results did not show a correlation between the antimony contents in the soil of the housing area and those in urine and hair. Except for antimony in scalp hair, age tended to be associated with internal exposures to arsenic and antimony in both study groups. Consumption of seafood had a slight impact on the level of urinary arsenic, which is indicative of the presence of low quantities of inorganic arsenicals and dimethylarsinic acid in seafood. The arsenic and antimony contents in scalp hair were positively correlated with the 24-hr arsenic excretion in urine. However, antimony in scalp hair was not correlated with seafood consumption as was arsenic in scalp hair and in urine. This indicated the existence of unidentified common pathways of exposure contributing to the alimentary body burden. Short time peaks in the 24-hr excretion of arsenic in urine, which could not be assigned to a high consumption of seafood, were detected for six study participants. This suggests that additional factors relevant in the exposure to arsenic are still unidentified.