带线骨锚钉改良8字形缝合治疗肱三头肌腱尺骨鹰嘴止点断裂18例

目的探讨带线骨锚钉改良8字形缝合固定治疗肱三头肌腱尺骨鹰嘴止点断裂的临床疗效。方法回顾性分析自2011-01—2015-09采用带线骨锚钉改良8字形缝合固定治疗的18例肱三头肌腱尺骨鹰嘴止点断裂。结果 18例均获得随访6~12个月。1例合并肱骨远端骨折患者出现肘关节骨化性肌炎,经积极治疗后症状缓解。末次随访时疗效按Mayo肘关节功能标准评定:优11例,良6例,可1例,优良率94.4%。结论带线骨锚钉内固定治疗肱三头肌腱尺骨鹰嘴止点断裂疗效满意,符合张力带固定原则;通过改良8字形缝合,固定牢靠,可以早期行肘关节功能锻炼。     

肱三头肌腱断裂的诊治

目的探讨肱三头肌腱断裂诊断及治疗效果。方法 2006年1月-2010年6月,采用Krachow法重建肌腱止点治疗12例肱三头肌腱断裂。男9例,女3例;年龄21～53岁,平均38.6岁。跌伤6例,交通事故伤4例,机器伤1例,运动损伤1例。新鲜损伤10例,陈旧性损伤2例。单纯肱三头肌腱断裂2例;合并尺骨鹰嘴撕脱骨折5例,肱骨内上髁撕脱骨折1例,肘关节内侧副韧带损伤4例。结果术后切口均Ⅰ期愈合。12例均获随访,随访时间12～36个月,平均16个月。末次随访时,9例肘关节伸屈功能完全恢复,2例合并内侧副韧带损伤患者伸肘功能恢复欠佳,1例陈旧性损伤患者屈肘功能恢复欠佳。伸肘肌力均恢复至5级。无肌腱再断裂、肘关节不稳等并发症发生。按Mayo肘关节功能评分标准(MEPS)评分,为90～96分,均为优。结论肱三头肌腱断裂早期诊断后及时手术治疗,结合功能康复训练,可获得满意疗效。     

经尺骨鹰嘴截骨入路与肱三头肌舌状瓣入路治疗肱骨髁间骨折的对比研究

目的对比经尺骨鹰嘴截骨入路与经肱三头肌舌状瓣入路治疗肱骨髁间骨折的临床效果。方法 2002年5月至2009年2月,手术切开复位内固定治疗62例肱骨髁间骨折患者。其中33例采用尺骨鹰嘴入路。按Riseborough-Radin分型,Ⅲ型18例,Ⅳ型15例。29例采用肱三头肌舌状瓣入路。左侧16例,右侧13例。按Riseborough-Radin分型,Ⅲ型18例,Ⅳ型11例。比较两组手术时间、出血量、术后并发症及愈合时间等,用Mayo评分来评价术后肘关节功能的改善程度。结果术后随访12～36个月,平均16.7个月。所有患者切口均Ⅰ期愈合。手术时间、出血量及愈合时间两组比较差异无统计学意义。术后尺骨鹰嘴截骨入路组肘部疼痛发生率低于肱三头肌舌状瓣入路组,肘关节活动度。采用尺骨鹰嘴入路组（优良率为87.88%）优于采用肱三头肌舌状瓣入路组（优良率为65.51%）。结论采用尺骨鹰嘴入路组的术后并发症的发生率少于采用肱三头肌舌状瓣入路组,术后肘关节活动度的满意率高于采用肱三头肌舌状瓣入路组采用肱三头肌舌状瓣入路组。     

经尺骨鹰嘴截骨入路与肱三头肌两侧入路内固定治疗AO-C型肱骨远端骨折的疗效比较

目的比较经尺骨鹰嘴截骨入路与肱三头肌两侧入路内固定治疗AO-C型肱骨远端骨折的临床疗效。方法回顾性分析自2014-04—2017-06诊治的80例AO-C型肱骨远端骨折,40例采用经尺骨鹰嘴截骨入路钢板内固定(A组),40例采用肱三头肌两侧入路钢板内固定(B组)。比较2组手术时间、术中出血量、术后并发症发生率及术后12个月肘关节功能Mayo评分。结果 80例均获得随访,随访时间12个月。A组与B组并发症发生率比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。A组手术时间较B组短,术中出血量较B组少,末次随访时肘关节功能Mayo评分优于B组,差异有统计学意义(P 0.05)。结论与肱三头肌两侧入路相比,经尺骨鹰嘴截骨入路钢板内固定治疗AO-C型肱骨远端骨折手术时间更短、术中出血量更少,患者在术后肘关节功能恢复方面更具有优势。     

两种手术入路治疗肱骨髁间骨折疗效分析

目的评价尺骨鹰嘴截骨入路与肱三头肌舌形瓣入路治疗肱骨髁间骨折手术疗效。方法手术治疗56例肱骨髁间骨折,行尺骨鹰嘴截骨入路32例,肱三头肌舌形瓣入路24例。结果对于AO/ASIF分型C1C2型肱骨髁间骨折,尺骨鹰嘴截骨入路比肱三头肌舌形瓣入路手术时间长,但骨折暴露充分。对于C3型骨折,两种入路手术时间相近,前者肘关节功能评分比后者显著较高。结论尺骨鹰嘴截骨入路治疗肱骨髁间骨折暴露充分,术后肘关节功能优于肱三头肌舌形瓣入路。     

肱骨远端关节内骨折手术治疗效果分析

目的分析肱骨远端关节内骨折的手术方法和常见并发症,评价手术治疗效果。方法2003年6月至2008年4月,收治肱骨远端关节内骨折患者43例,男30例,女13例;年龄18～76岁,平均39．3岁。其中AO／OTA分类B型18例,C型25例。分别采用经尺骨鹰嘴截骨入路、肱三头肌旁入路、劈开肱三头肌入路和肱三头肌远端舌形切断入路行肱骨远端关节内骨折切开复位及钢板内固定术,术后患者均未行外固定。术后1．5、3、6、12、24、36个月复查肘关节活动度和功能。结果术后开始主动及被动功能锻炼的时间为2～8d,平均3．6d。43例患者中36例获得随访,随访时间11～69个月,平均28个月。按照Mayo肘关节功能评分标准：优18例,良15例,可3例;优良率为91．2％。关节活动度74°～125°,平均95°。术后2例发生切口浅层感染,1例一过性尺神经损伤,1例复位不良。2例骨折延迟愈合,1例尺骨鹰嘴截骨处延迟愈合。结论肱骨远端关节内骨折的手术治疗效果良好。不同的肘关节后方手术入路方式中,经尺骨鹰嘴截骨入路的疗效评分优于经肱三头肌旁入路、劈开肱三头肌入路和肱三头肌远端舌形切断入路。     

尺骨鹰嘴截骨与肱三头肌两侧入路内固定治疗肱骨髁间骨折的疗效比较

目的 比较尺骨鹰嘴截骨与肱三头肌两侧入路内固定治疗肱骨髁间骨折的疗效.方法 对1980年1月至2008年3月国内外发表的尺骨鹰嘴截骨与肱三头肌两侧入路内固定治疗肱骨髁间骨折的文献进行检索.采用Coehrane协作网提供的系统评价方法对纳入文献进行数据抽取、汇总及系统评价.结果 共检索到364篇原始文献,经筛选及评价,最后收集到已发表的33篇文献符合纳入标准.随访资料完整的患者876例,其中尺骨鹰嘴截骨入路509例,肱三头肌两侧入路367例.分析显示:肱骨髁间骨折C2及C3型患者尺骨鹰嘴截骨入路内固定的术后肘关节功能评分的优良率(82.32%与79.38%)均高于肱三头肌两侧入路术后肘关节功能评分的优良率(70.59%与64.71%);C1型患者两种人路的术后肘关节功能评分的优良率差异无统计学意义.14篇文献报道了术后并发症.尺骨鹰嘴截骨入路术后并发症的发生率为4.72%(95%可信区间4.70%～4.74%),肱三头肌两侧入路为8.17%(95%可信区间8.13%～8.21%).结论 尺骨鹰嘴截骨较肱三头肌两侧入路内固定治疗肱骨髁间骨折的疗效佳.     

合并尺骨鹰嘴骨折的肘关节前脱位

目的：报告7例合并尺骨鹰嘴骨折的肘关节前脱位。其中尺骨鹰嘴单纯斜形骨折1例，尺骨近端粉碎性骨折6例，肱骨远端穿过尺骨鹰嘴，肘关节向前脱位。方法：均采用切开复位内固定术。结果：平均随访18个月，肘关节功能恢复极好2例，好4例，差1例。结论：合并尺骨鹰嘴骨折的肘关节前脱位大多发生于尺骨近端复杂的粉碎性骨折，肱骨远端穿过尺骨鹰嘴，同时伴有肱桡关节脱位，但上桡尺关节未有分离。尺可能地使滑车切迹达到解剖复位并作稳固的内固定，大都能达到满意的治疗效果。     

双张力带固定治疗肱骨髁间骨折

自 198 7年 10月至 1996年 8月我院采用双张力带固定治疗肱骨髁间骨折 42例 ,经随访肘关节功能满意。报告如下 :1　临床资料　　本组 42例 ,男 2 9例 ,女 13例 ;年龄 19～ 5 1岁 ;开放骨折5例 ,闭合骨折 37例。骨折类型 :根据Ｒｉｓｅｂｏｒｏｕｇｈ和Ｒａｄｉｎ分类标准[1] :Ⅲ型 36例 ,Ⅳ型 6例。合并伤 :尺神经损伤 2例 ,桡神经损伤 1例。同一肢体骨折 3例 ,其中尺骨鹰嘴骨折2例 ,尺桡骨骨折 1例。2　治疗方法取肘后“Ｕ”形切口 ,沿肘关节远端两侧 ,在尺骨嵴上相连接 ,游离尺神经 ,牵开保护之。尺骨鹰嘴截骨 ,近端带有肱三头肌腱 ,向上…     

Bryan-Morrey入路垂直双钢板内固定治疗AO-C型肱骨髁间骨折疗效分析

目的 观察Bryan-Morrey入路垂直双钢板内固定治疗AO-C型肱骨髁间骨折的临床疗效。方法 回顾性分析自2016-01—2019-06采用Bryan-Morrey入路切开复位垂直双钢板内固定治疗的30例AO-C型肱骨髁间骨折,切口从肘关节上方8 cm处开始至尺骨鹰嘴尖外侧并延伸至尺骨干近端,适当游离尺神经远近端,松解内侧肌间隔,打开肱三头肌内外侧及间隙,显露肱骨干远端及髁上部分,对肱三头肌在尺骨鹰嘴的附丽点进行处理,形成厚3～5 mm、直径2 cm的翻转骨片,保留肱三头肌与翻转骨片的连续性,复位并临时固定髁间骨折块,垂直放置肱骨远端外侧钢板和内侧钢板,肱骨远端解剖重建后复位翻转骨片。结果 30例均获得随访,随访时间平均15.6(12～18)个月。术后复查X线片显示骨折愈合满意,骨折愈合时间为2.5～3.5个月,平均3个月。1例术后出现肘关节僵硬,肘关节活动范围严重受限,于术后5个月行肘关节松解术,患者肘关节活动范围恢复满意。术后12个月上肢功能DASH评分为10～28分,平均18.5分。术后12个月肘关节功能Mayo评分为82～94分,平均88.9分。结论 采用Bryan-Mor...     

Differences in Rupture Patterns and Associated Lesions Related to Traumatic Distal Triceps Tendon Rupture Between Outstretched Hand and Direct Injuries

BackgroundTraumatic distal triceps tendon rupture results in substantial disability in the absence of an appropriate diagnosis and treatment. To the best of our knowledge, differences in the degree of injury according to the injury mechanisms and associated lesions are not well known.Questions/purposesIn this study, we asked: (1) What differences are seen in triceps tear patterns between indirect injuries (fall on an outstretched hand) and direct injuries? (2) What are the associated elbow and soft tissue injuries seen in indirect and direct triceps ruptures?MethodsBetween 2006 and 2017, one center treated 73 elbows of 72 patients for distal triceps tendon rupture. Of those, 70% (51 of 73 elbows) was excluded from this study; 8% (6 of 73) were related to systemic diseases, 59% (43 of 73) sustained open injuries, and 3% (2 of 73) were related to local steroid injections. We retrospectively collected data on traumatic distal triceps tendon rupture in 30% (22 of 73) of elbows at a single trauma center during a 10-year period. A fall on an outstretched hand was the cause of injury in 15 patients and direct blow by object or contusion were the cause in seven. MRI and surgery were performed in all patients. Traumatic distal triceps tendon rupture was classified by the Giannicola method, which is classified according to the depth and degree of the lesion based on MRI and surgical findings. Associated fractures and bone contusions on MRI were characterized. Ligament injuries on MRI was divided into partial and complete rupture. Agreement between the MRI and intraoperative findings for the presence of a traumatic distal triceps tendon rupture was perfect, and the Giannicola classification of traumatic distal triceps tendon rupture was good (kappa = 0.713).ResultsIn the indirect injury group (fall on an outstretched hand), 15 of 15 patients had injuries that involved only the tendinous portion of the distal triceps, but these injuries were not full-thickness tears, whereas in the direct injury group, three of seven patients had a full-thickness rupture (odds ratio [OR] 1.75 [95% CI 0.92 to 3.32]; p = 0.02). The direct injury group had no associated ligamentous injuries while 14 of 15 patients with indirect injuries had ligamentous injuries (OR 0.13 [95% CI 0.02 to 0.78]; p < 0.001; associated injuries in the indirect group: anterior medial collateral ligament [14 of 15], posterior medial collateral ligament [7 of 15], and lateral collateral ligament complex [2 of 15]). Similarly, one of seven patients in the direct injury group had a bone injury (capitellar contusion), whereas 15 of 15 patients with indirect ruptures had associated fractures or bone contusions (OR 16.0 [95% CI 2.4 to 106.7]; p < 0.001).ConclusionA fall on an outstretched hand may result in an injury mostly to the lateral and long head of distal triceps tendon and an intact medial head tendon; however, direct injuries can involve full-thickness ruptures. Although a traumatic distal triceps tendon rupture occurs after a fall on an outstretched hand, radial neck, capitellar, and medial collateral ligament injury can occur because of valgus load and remnant extensor mechanisms. Based on our finding, the clinician encountering a distal triceps tendon rupture due to a fall on an outstretched hand should be aware of the possibility of remaining elbow extensor mechanism by intact medial head tendon portion, and associated injuries, which may induce latent complications.Level of EvidenceLevel III, prognostic study.     

Triceps insufficiency following total elbow arthroplasty

BACKGROUND: Over the past decade, the indications for total elbow arthroplasty have increased. One complication that is well recognized but is poorly described in the literature is insufficiency of the extensor mechanism involving complete or partial rupture, or avulsion, of the triceps tendon. We therefore reviewed the records of patients who had undergone surgery for the treatment of triceps insufficiency following total elbow arthroplasty to determine the management options and outcomes of intervention for this problem. METHODS: The records on 887 total elbow arthroplasties performed between 1982 and 2001 were assessed to identify patients who had undergone a subsequent procedure on the triceps. Patients in whom triceps insufficiency developed after débridement for infection were excluded, leaving sixteen elbows in fourteen patients. A Mayo Elbow Performance Score was calculated and elbow extension strength against gravity was measured at the time of final follow-up. RESULTS: There were seven male and seven female patients. The mean age was fifty-four years. The mean duration of follow-up after the triceps reconstruction was sixty-seven months. Three basic techniques were used to repair or reconstruct the extensor mechanism; these included direct suture in seven elbows, anconeus rotation in four, and use of an Achilles tendon allograft in four. The capacity to extend against gravity was restored to fifteen of the sixteen elbows. According to the Mayo Elbow Performance Score, eleven elbows had an excellent outcome, three had a good outcome, and two were considered a clinical failure. CONCLUSIONS: In most patients with triceps insufficiency following total elbow arthroplasty, it is possible to reconstruct the triceps mechanism with a procedure appropriately selected on the basis of tissue quality, tendon retraction, and the status of the olecranon.     

Chronic triceps insufficiency managed with extensor carpi radialis longus and palmaris longus tendon grafts

Chronic triceps insufficiency, causing prolonged disability, occurs due to a missed diagnosis of an acute rupture. We report a 25 year old male with history of a significant fall sustaining multiple injuries. Since then, he had inability in extending his right elbow for which he sought intervention after a year. Diagnosis of triceps rupture was made clinicoradiologically and surgery was planned. Intraoperative findings revealed a deficient triceps with a fleck of avulsed bone from olecranon. Ipsilateral double tendon graft including extensor carpi radialis longus and palmaris longus were anchored to triceps and secured with the olecranon. Six-months follow revealed a complete active extension of elbow and a full function at the donor site.     

The osteo-anconeus flap. An approach for total elbow arthroplasty

Twenty-seven consecutive primary total elbow arthroplasties were done with a technique that preserved the continuity of the attachment of the triceps brachii muscle with a wafer of bone from the reflected extra-articular portion of the olecranon and with the lateral fascia of muscles of the forearm. During closure, the wafer was reattached to the broad cancellous surface of the olecranon with sutures through the bone. The elbows were immobilized for an average of sixteen days postoperatively. The patients who were available for follow-up were re-examined at an average of 3.9 years, and the strength of the triceps muscle was checked. No extensor lag or avulsion of the triceps occurred, and mild extensor weakness was seen in only two elbows. No patient had early or late drainage of the wound or infection. The average range of motion compared favorably with that in other reported series. This osteo-anconeus posterior approach is advocated for total elbow arthroplasty because it provides rapid and wide exposure, it is associated with a low rate of complications related to the wound, and it preserves the strength of the triceps.     

Rupture of the triceps brachii tendon: a case report

Triceps tendon rupture is a rare condition. A thirty-three year old man presented with a complaint of pain in his left elbow, which occurred when his motorcycle slid and flipped on one side. Physical examination two days after the accident showed swelling and ecchymosis in the elbow. There was a palpable, slightly tender defect in the triceps tendon just above the olecranon. He had normal supination and pronation. A marked weakness was noted in elbow extension as compared with the other side. A diagnosis of triceps tendon rupture was made. Radiographs revealed osteoarthrosis of the elbow joint and osteophyte formation on the top of the olecranon. Magnetic resonance scans showed a partial tear in the triceps tendon. It was repaired with large, nonabsorbable sutures passed through the holes drilled in the olecranon. The extremity was immobilized for three weeks, followed by progressive active flexion in a controlled-motion brace. Active strengthening of the triceps was begun after three months. At the end of a year, the range of motion of the elbow was full except 10 degrees loss of extension and there was no pain.     

Is there something new regarding triceps brachii muscle insertion?

Purpose:Previous studies have questioned whether the triceps brachii muscle tendon (TBMT) has a double or single insertion on the ulna. Aiming to provide an answer, we describe the anatomy of the TBMT and review a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) series of the elbow.Methods:Forty-one elbows were dissected to assess the details of the triceps brachii insertion. Elbow plastination slices were analyzed to determine whether there was a space on the TBMT. Magnetic resonance imaging from the records of the authors were also obtained to demonstrate the appearance of the pre-tricipital space on MRI.Results:A virtual space on the medial aspect near the TBTM insertion site in the olecranon was consistently found on anatomic dissections. It was a distal pre-tricipital space. Magnetic resonance imaging demonstrated the appearance of the pre-tricipital space on MRI, and its extension was measured longitudinally either in elbow flexion or extension. There was no statistically significant difference between the measurements of this space in the right and left elbows or between flexion and extension (p > 0.05). The coefficient of variation was <10% for all measurements.Conclusion:Knowledge of this structure may be essential to avoid incorrect diagnosis and unnecessary therapeutic interventions.Key words: Tendons, Muscles, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Anatomy     

Avulsion of the distal triceps tendon with fracture of the radial head

We present a rare case of associated distal triceps tendon avulsion with radial head fracture; the lateral and medial collateral ligaments of the elbow were also ruptured. The patient underwent surgical procedure for the reinsertion of the triceps tendon using metallic anchors, radial head prosthetic replacement, and repair of the lateral collateral ligament. We believe this combined injury pattern of radial head fracture with triceps tendon rupture or avulsion should be considered according to the concept of the spectrum of elbow instability.     

Triceps brachii rupture: case report.

A 44-year-old man has been seen by the present authors, apparently the third reported case of triceps brachii rupture. He had had bilateral nephrectomies one year earlier and since then has been medicated with Dilantin for grand mal seizures which followed hypovolemia during dialysis. A grand mal seizure immediately preceded the patient's right triceps brachii rupture and other multiple orthopaedic injuries. Following repair of the tendon defect the patient regained an active range of motion. The possible relationship of tendon rupture and avulsion to primary and secondary hyperparathyroidism is discussed.     

Rupture of the triceps tendon with olecranon bursitis. A case report with a new method of repair

Rupture of the triceps tendon is rare, and no previous report of its association with olecranon bursitis was found in the literature. A previously healthy 72-year-old man fell from a stationary bicycle and was examined by his family physician. Calcification over the olecranon area with an intact triceps tendon was revealed. Two months later the patient presented with triceps rupture and weakness of elbow extension with olecranon bursitis. Grossly, the pathologic lesion consisted of synovial frond proliferation and invasion of the cut end of a tendon. A "collar stud-shaped" bursa was found in front of and behind the triceps tendon and across a 3-cm gap in the tendon. The advancement was completed by splitting the tendon in partial thickness proximal to the cut end. The flap was turned down and anchored to the olecranon through drill holes. The end result was good return of function. Patients with chronic olecranon bursa problems should be carefully examined for triceps function. The gap in the tendon can be treated by mobilizing the tendon in the manner described.