中学生健康危险行为特征及其与家庭因素的关系

了解中学生健康危险行为现状及其与家庭因素的关系,为更好地预防青少年健康危险行为提供理论依据.方法 采用多阶段分层随机整群抽样方法,对全国7个省的8 746名中学生进行计算机辅助匿名自填问卷调查,分析家庭因素与中学生健康危险行为的关联.结果 在调查的8种健康危险行为中,59.87%的中学生存在至少1种,35.33%的中学生存在至少2种;男生健康危险行为发生率(72.83%)高于女生(47.11%),高中生(62.87%)高于初中生(56.96%)(x2值分别为602.019,31.739,P值均<0.01).男生的健康危险行为与居住地为农村(OR=1.70,95%CI=1.42~2.04)、独生子女(0R=0.78,95%CI=0.66~0.92)、父亲大专以上学历(OR=0.68,95%CI=0.50~0.93)、与父亲关系不融洽(OR=1.85,95%CI=1.43~2.40)、与母亲关系不融洽(OR=1.50,95%CI=1.07~2.10)、父亲管教不严(OR=1.74,95%CI=1.24~2.46)有关;女生健康危险行为和与父亲关系不融洽(OR=1.56,95%CI=1.24~ 1.95)、与母亲关系不融洽(OR=1.92,95%CI=1.44~2.56)、父亲管教不严(OR=1.65,95%CI=1.24~2.19)以及家庭生活氛围不融洽(OR=2.68,95%CI=1.72~4.18)有关.结论 打架、吸烟、饮酒、不良情绪等健康危险行为在中学生中普遍存在,亲子关系、父母管教、家庭氛围等过程性变量相较家庭结构变量对中学生行为影响更为明显.在预防中学生健康危险行为过程中应充分发挥家庭的作用.     

3省市高中生健康素养与吸烟、饮酒行为的关联分析

目的分析高中生的健康素养与吸烟、饮酒行为的关联,为高中生吸烟、饮酒等健康危险行为的预防干预提供科学依据。方法采用多阶段整群抽样方法,选择北京、吉林、广东3省市16所中学的3379名高中生进行健康素养和健康危险行为(吸烟、饮酒)调查,采用SPSS 22.0软件进行统计学分析。结果经加权调整后,北京、吉林、广东3省市高中生具备基本健康素养率为15.1%,现在吸烟率为8.3%,现在饮酒率为26.1%;Logistic回归分析显示,不具备健康素养是高中生发生吸烟(OR=0.158,95%CI:0.077~0.326)、饮酒(OR=0.524,95%CI:0.408~0.673)行为的危险因素(P0.05)。健康素养得分越高的学生,不吸烟、不饮酒的率越高(健康素养得分60分、60~69分、70~79分、≥80分的不吸烟率分别为74.2%、91.0%、95.6%和98.4%;不饮酒率分别为55.2%、70.6%、79.0%和83.5%),通过趋势χ~2分析发现,不同等级健康素养得分的高中生其吸烟、饮酒行为的发生频率差异有统计学意义(吸烟:χ~2=181.164,P0.01;饮酒:χ~2=165.789,P0.01)。结论较高的健康素养水平能够促进和维持高中生远离吸烟、饮酒行为,在高中生吸烟、饮酒等健康危险行为的控制干预中应该重视学生健康素养的整体改善。     

中国6省份中学生健康素养与饮酒行为的关联

  目的  探讨中国6省份中学生健康素养与饮酒行为的关联,为预防和减少中学生的饮酒行为提供参考依据。  方法  2015年11月—2016年1月,采用多阶段整群抽样方法,选择内蒙古自治区乌兰察布市、辽宁省沈阳市、河南省新乡市、安徽省蚌埠市、重庆市和广东省阳江市,抽取初、高中学生共22 628名进行问卷调查。调查内容包括人口统计学信息、健康素养水平和饮酒行为。比较不同特征中学生饮酒行为报告率的差异,采用多因素Logistic回归分析健康素养与饮酒行为之间的关联。  结果  中学生曾经饮酒、最近饮酒、过量饮酒、出现醉酒症状报告率分别为60.0%(13 580名)、16.8%(3 799名)、5.9%(1 344名)和9.9%(2 250名)。调整性别、学段、家庭所在地、独生子女、学习日住校、父/母亲文化程度和自评家庭经济状况等因素后,低水平健康素养者曾经饮酒(OR=1.76,95%CI=1.62~1.91)、最近饮酒(OR=1.37,95%CI=1.23~1.52)、过量饮酒(OR=1.39,95%CI=1.18~1.63)和出现醉酒症状(OR=1.68,95%CI=1.47~1.92)的风险均高于高水平健康素养者(P值均 < 0.01)。  结论  中学生健康素养与饮酒行为存在关联,可通过提高学生健康素养水平来预防和减少饮酒等健康危险行为的发生。     

重庆市某学校高中生早餐食用频次与健康危险行为的关系

  目的  了解高中生早餐食用频次与健康危险行为的关系,为引导高中生养成每天吃早餐习惯提供参考。  方法  采用方便抽样方法,在重庆某区选取1所高中,对其中3个年级的学生3 283名进行问卷调查。采用Logistic回归分析健康危险行为对早餐食用频次的影响。  结果  高中生每天吃早餐的有2 064名(62.9%),不吃或有时吃早餐的有1 219名(37.1%)。不同性别、年级、生源地、能量饮料饮用、吸烟、饮酒、赌博、网络成瘾的高中生不健康早餐食用报告(不吃或有时吃)比例差异有统计学意义(χ2值分别为6.80,53.97,8.10,23.79,7.89,16.31,3.93,17.96,P值均＜0.05),男生(36.1%)高于女生(33.3%),饮用能量饮料学生(41.2%)高于不饮用学生(31.7%),吸烟学生(40.9%)高于不吸烟学生(34.4%),饮酒学生(40.3%)高于不饮酒学生(33.3%),赌博学生(39.7%)高于不赌博学生(34.3%),网络成瘾学生(40.0%)高于不成瘾学生(33.0%)。多因素Logistic回归分析显示,能量饮料饮用(OR=1.32,95%CI=1.12~1.55)、饮酒(OR=1.24,95%CI=1.02~1.51)、网络成瘾(OR=1.42,95%CI=1.19~1.68)与高中生不健康早餐食用频次呈正相关(P值均＜0.05)。  结论  社会、家庭、学校应加强引导高中生养成每天吃早餐的习惯,避免不吃早餐与危险行为聚集出现。     

河南省青少年物质成瘾行为现况及影响因素分析

目的了解河南省青少年物质成瘾行为流行状况及其影响因素。方法通过分层随机抽样的方法,抽取河南省初中、高中、大学青少年共33 039人进行问卷调查。结果 2013年河南省青少年现在吸烟率为11.4%,现在饮酒率为30.1%,成瘾药物滥用率为0.5%,镇静药物滥用率为7.6%;男生吸烟、饮酒、成瘾药物及镇静药物滥用率等各项研究指标均高于女生(P0.05);男生(OR=10.714,95%CI=9.603~11.954;OR=2.530,95%CI=2.402~2.666)、学习成绩差(OR=1.232,95%CI=1.176~1.291;OR=1.095,95%CI=1.061~1.130)、高年龄段(OR=1.147,95%CI=1.059~1.241;OR=1.135,95%CI=1.077~1.197)、高学段(OR=1.715,95%CI=1.550~1.897;OR=1.422,95%CI=1.329~1.522)、抑郁(OR=1.771,95%CI=1.600~1.962;OR=1.370,95%CI=1.270~1.478)、孤独(OR=1.316,95%CI=1.183~1.464;OR=1.253,95%CI=1.159~1.355)和焦虑感(OR=1.925,95%CI=1.716~2.161;OR=1.691,95%CI=1.551~1.844)是青少年现在吸烟、现在饮酒的危险因素;居住在城市(OR=0.675,95%CI=0.624~0.730;OR=0.685,95%CI=0.650~0.722)是青少年现在吸烟和现在饮酒的保护因素;母亲文化程度(OR=0.954,95%CI=0.925~0.984)是青少年现在吸烟的保护因素;学习压力感(OR=1.285,95%CI=1.208~1.367)是青少年现在饮酒的危险因素。结论河南省青少年物质成瘾行为不容忽视,应早期、多角度,采取综合管理措施,预防和减少其发生。     

北京市高中生健康素养水平及影响因素分析

了解北京市高中生健康素养现况及其影响因素,为提升学生健康素养提供参考.方法 采用分层随机整群抽样方法,以研究者团队开发的高中生健康素养评价问卷为调查工具,选取北京市1 489名高中生进行调查.结果 北京市高中生健康素养平均得分为(74.77±8.54)分.以≥80分为具备基本健康素养,高中生群体具备基本健康素养的比例为28.7%.二分类Logistic回归分析显示,来自郊区(OR=1.690,95%CI=1.320~2.164)、男生(OR=1.935,95%CI=1.508~2.484)、自评学习成绩差(OR=1.401,95%CI=1.195 ~ 1.642)、学校未开展健康教育课程(OR=1.550,95%CI=1.202~1.998)是高中生不具备健康素养的危险因素(P值均<0.01).结论 北京市高中生健康素养水平有待进一步提高,学校健康教育的开展是改善学生健康素养的有效途径.     

大学生减肥相关行为与家庭因素的相关性

分析家庭因素对大学生减肥相关行为的影响,为促进大学生的身心健康提供基础资料.方法 采取分层整群抽样的方法对芜湖地区8所高校4 160名大学生进行一般人口学特征及中国青少年健康危险行为问卷调查.结果 1 052人(25.3%)为减肥进行锻炼,123人(3.0%)有不健康节食行为.除不同家庭收入大学生诱导呕吐、不健康节食、擅自吃减肥药外,其他不同家庭因素的大学生减肥相关行为报告率比较差异均有统计学意义(P值均<0.05).多因素Logistic回归分析显示,独生子女比非独生子女更容易发生不健康减肥行为(OR=1.537,95%CI=1.122~2.104);母亲文化程度高是不健康减肥行为的保护因素(OR=0.749,95%CI=0.631 ~0.889);母亲职业为教师、医务人员和公务员是不健康减肥行为的保护因素(OR=1.287,95%CI=1.126~1.471).结论 大学生减肥相关行为受家庭因素影响较大,应更好地帮助大学生对减肥有正确的认识,并加强家庭方面的宣传教育,从而促进大学生的身心健康.     

深圳市中学生手机依赖情况及影响因素分析

探索深圳市青少年手机依赖情况及其影响因素,为指导青少年合理使用手机提供参考.方法 从深圳市10个区中选取5所初中和5所高中学校的3 952名学生进行手机使用信赖、自伤行为及身体活动问卷调查,采用SPSS 23.0软件进行分析统计.结果 3 952名学生手机使用依赖中度和高度的报告率分别为50.0%和22.0%.单因素分析结果显示,性别、年龄、学段、自评家庭经济情况、关系密切朋友个数、自伤情况和身体活动情况均与手机依赖有关(P值均<0.05).有序多项Logistic回归分析结果显示,男生手机依赖程度低于女生(OR=0.82,95%CI=0.73 ~0.93);初中生低于高中生(OR=0.71,95%CI=0.58~ 0.87);有1~2个(OR=1.36,95%CI=1.14~1.61)和3~6个密切朋友数量(OR=1.23,95%CI=1.07~1.42)的学生高于有6个及以上的学生;无自伤行为的低于有自伤行为的学生(OR=0.48,95% CI=0.42~ 0.55);身体活动不足的高于活动充足的学生(OR=1.34,95%CI=1.11~1.61).结论 学校、家庭和社会应该高度关注手机使用依赖的高危人群,及时预防控制青少年危险行为的发生.     

中职生危险行为家庭影响因素分析

了解中等职业学校学生危险行为的家庭影响因素,为预防和矫正青少年危险行为提供依据.方法 采取分层整群抽样的方法,在武汉市2所中等职业学校中抽取一年级和二年级的学生,采用“青少年健康相关行为调查问卷”和“中学生心理健康量表”筛选出136名危险行为易感学生.采用自编家庭问卷进行调查,使用SPSS 15.0进行数据分析.结果 中职学生危险行为易感人群检出率为12.2%.单因素Logistic回归分析显示,父母感情不和(OR=2.473)、父母不关心子女(OR=1.873)、缺乏与子女的沟通(OR=1.811)、教育中不允许孩子表达自己意见(OR=1.384)等均是青少年危险行为的危险因素.多因素Logistic回归分析显示,父母与青少年每个星期面对面交流时间增加(OR =2.037)会减少危险行为的发生,与父母聚在一起的次数较少(OR=1.142)以及父母感情失和(OR=0.447)会增加中职学生出现危险行为的风险.结论 中职学生危险行为普遍存在.家庭氛围差、父母教养方式专断、家庭成员之间沟通较少的中职学生更容易出现危险行为.     

大学生性行为和相关健康危险行为的关系

了解大学生性行为与相关健康危险行为间的关系,为高校开展大学生性教育提供参考.方法 采用分层整群抽样方法,选取重庆文理学院1 585名大学生对性行为和相关健康危险行为的发生情况进行问卷调查.结果 大学生性行为发生率为16.1%,能量饮料饮用率为39.2%,吸烟率为18.0%,饮酒率为34.8%,赌博率为9.2%.不同性别、生源地、年级、能量饮料饮用、吸烟、饮酒、赌博学生的性行为发生率差异均有统计学意义(x2值分别为42.84,31.11,40.12,18.96,53.66,70.17,42.50,P值均<0.01).多因素Logistic回归分析结果表明,能量饮料饮用(OR=0.71,95%CI=0.53~0.96)、吸烟(OR=0.47,95% CI=0.33~0.66)、饮酒(OR=0.50,95%CI=0.37~0.69)、赌博(OR=0.52,95% CI=0.35~0.79)与大学生性行为发生呈正相关(P值均<0.05).结论 大学生性行为会和能量饮料饮用、吸烟、饮酒、赌博聚集出现.高校在开展大学生性教育时,要引导大学生远离健康危险行为.     

Supportive social relationships and adolescent health risk behavior among secondary school students in El Salvador

An increasing number of studies suggest that supportive social relationships in the family and school may exert a protective effect against a number of youth health risk behaviors. This study examines the association between perceived parental social support and perceived social cohesion at school with selected youth risk behavior outcomes (physical fighting, victimization, suicidal ideation, substance use, and sexual intercourse) among 930 female and male public secondary school students studying in the central region of El Salvador. The study questionnaire comprised closed-ended items of parent/school relationships and risk behaviors based on the United States Center for Disease Control and Prevention's Youth Risk Behavior Survey. In regression analyses, female students who perceived low parental social support were significantly more likely to report engaging in all risk behaviors examined, and female students with perceptions of low school social cohesion were more likely to report suicidal ideation, binge drinking, and drug use. Perceptions of parental social support and school social cohesion held fewer but still significant associations across risk behaviors for male students. Male students who reported low parental social support were significantly more likely to report suicidal ideation, drug use and physical fighting, while male students with low perceived school social cohesion were more likely to report physical fighting but less likely to report binge drinking. This study lends support to the importance of supportive social relationships for understanding youth risk behavior and suggests that supportive families and schools may operate differently for female and male students living in El Salvador.     

Environmental correlates of underage alcohol use and related problems of college students

BACKGROUND: Underage alcohol use is a major contributor to morbidity and mortality in adolescents and young adults. This study examined drinking levels and ensuing problems among college students and factors associated with binge drinking. METHOD: The Harvard School of Public Health College Alcohol Study conducted a self-administered survey. The participants include a random sample of 7061 students aged <21 years (defined as underage drinkers), and 4989 between ages 21 and 23 in 1997 at 116 nationally representative 4-year colleges in 39 states. The outcomes of the study include self-reports of alcohol use, binge drinking (defined as five or more drinks in a row for men and four or more for women at least once in a 2-week period), alcohol-related problems, preferred type of drink, access to alcohol, and price paid per drink. RESULTS: Underage students drink less often but have more drinks per occasion, are more likely to drink in private settings (off-campus, dormitory, and fraternity parties), and pay less per drink than do of-age students. Correlates of underage binge drinking include residence in a fraternity or sorority (odds ratio [OR]=6.2), very easy access to alcohol (OR=3.3), obtaining drinks at lower prices (OR=2.1, for under $1 each or a set fee for unlimited drinks), and drinking beer (OR=9.5). CONCLUSIONS: Effective controls on price, access, and fraternity and off-campus parties, and reinforcing minimum drinking age laws are needed to reduce the high levels of binge drinking and related health and behavioral problems of underage students.     

Using the Youth Risk Behavior Survey to Compare Risk Behaviors of Texas High School and College Students

ABSTRACT: This study used the Youth Risk Behavior Survey (YRBS) to assess selected health behaviors of Texas high school and college students. The YRBS was administered during 1993 in paper and pencil form to 6,015 high school students representing 329 classrooms from 78 school districts. A total of 1,408 college students representing 23 college and universities were surveyed by telephone in 1993 using a modified version of YRBS. Texas college students reported a higher percentage who had experienced sexual intercourse (82% versus 55.4%), but Texas high school students reported a younger age of first sexual intercourse. High school students also initiated alcohol consumption at a younger age, although college students were more likely to binge drink (33.5% versus 31%). Regular cigarette use also was higher among college students (25.4% versus 19.3%), but was initiated at a younger age by high school students. Study results indicate that health education programs must begin much earlier than during the high school years. Due to early initiation of negative health behaviors, emphasis must be placed on abstinence and risk-reduction techniques for both populations.     

Alcohol use and abuse by adolescents: the impact of living in a border community.

PURPOSE: To determine the rates of alcohol consumption and alcohol-related risk behaviors among a sample of high school students living on the U.S.-Mexico border, as well as to investigate factors associated with alcohol use among this population. METHODS: A self-administered anonymous questionnaire was administered to students in grades 9-12 during Fall and Spring semesters of 2001 (n = 1366; 639 males and 722 females) in 16 high schools in a community along the U.S.-Mexico border. The questionnaire addressed demographic factors, alcohol consumption, and alcohol-related behaviors. Surveys were completed by Chi-square tests for homogeneity of the odds ratio and logistic regression models were used to identify factors significantly associated with the outcome variables. RESULTS: Rates of binge drinking (45%), drinking and driving (19%), and riding with a driver who had been drinking (46%) were higher for our study population when compared with state and national rates. Students who consumed alcohol were more likely to report alcohol-related problems and lower academic grades. Drinking while in Mexico was significantly associated with binge drinking (OR = 6.44), drinking and driving (OR = 5.39), and riding with a driver who has been drinking (OR = 3.12). CONCLUSIONS: The high rates of alcohol risk behaviors among students living on the U.S.-Mexico border underscore the need to develop and implement culturally appropriate prevention programs that address alcohol consumption in Mexico, particularly in terms of students driving back home.     

Excessive alcohol use and its association with risky sexual behaviour: a cross‐sectional analysis of data from Victorian secondary school students

Objective : Estimate the prevalence of sexual behaviour and alcohol use and examine the association between excessive alcohol use and risky sexual behaviour in late secondary students in Victoria, Australia. Method: The sample of Year 11 students from government and independent schools participating in the 2008 International Youth Development Study (n=450) was representative of the Victorian school population. Logistic regression analyses examined the associations between sexual behaviour, binge and compulsive drinking, adjusting for socio‐demographic, school and family factors. Results: Under half (44%) the students had experienced sex in the past year, half (50%) had engaged in binge drinking in the past two weeks and 26% reported compulsive drinking in the past year. Of those who reported sex in the past year (n=197), 34% had sex without a condom at the last sexual encounter and 28% later regretted sex due to alcohol. The likelihood of experiencing sex was increased by binge (OR=2.44, 95%CI 1.44–4.12) and compulsive drinking (OR=2.15, 95%CI 1.29–3.60). For those sexually active, binge drinking increased the risk of having three or more sexual partners (OR=3.37, 95%CI 1.11–10.26) and compulsive drinking increased the likelihood of regretted sex due to alcohol (OR=4.43, 95%CI 2.10–9.31). Excessive drinking was not associated with condom non‐use. Conclusion and implications: Risky sex – multiple sexual partners and regretted sex due to alcohol – and excessive drinking are highly prevalent and co‐associated among Victorian late secondary students.     

广州地区高中生饮酒模式及过量饮酒的社会经济地位影响因素

目的 分析广州市高中生饮酒模式,探讨不同社会经济地位指标与青少年过量饮酒行为的关系,为制定控制策略措施提供依据。方法 采用多阶段分层随机整群抽样方法,抽取广州市4个区高一和高二学生共3 282人,采用自填问卷进行调查。结果 75.61%的学生有饮酒经历;过去一年内,60.22%的学生曾饮酒,27.67 %曾醉酒;过去30 d内,22.75%的学生曾饮酒,7.17%曾重度饮酒。总体上,男生五种饮酒行为流行率均高于女生,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);采用广义混合线性模型,分析不同社会经济地位指标对青少年过量饮酒的影响。结果显示,与家庭富裕程度低、学业成就高的青少年相比,来自家庭富裕程度高、学业成就低的青少年较可能有重度饮酒及醉酒行为。结论 广州地区高中生饮酒普遍化,提示防治工作的紧迫性,应及早开展健康教育和干预工作来减少酒精的可及性和青少年的饮酒行为。     

中学生心理健康素养及童年期虐待与饮酒行为的关联

  目的  探讨中学生心理健康素养和童年期虐待与饮酒行为的关联,为有童年期不良经历者后期危险行为的干预提供参考。  方法  于2020年10月至2021年6月在北京市、广东省阳江市、河南省郑州市3座城市,采用多阶段方便整群抽样的方法,对16 853名初、高中学生的心理健康素养水平、童年期虐待经历及饮酒行为等情况进行调查。采用多因素Logistic回归模型分析心理健康素养及童年期虐待与饮酒行为之间的关联。  结果  中学生心理健康素养总体得分为(82.11±12.85)分;童年期虐待的总检出率为42.86%,最近饮酒和过量饮酒的检出率分别为10.82%和5.14%,男生、高中生、独生子女、自评家庭经济情况较差及亲密伙伴≥6个的学生最近饮酒及过量饮酒的检出率均高于对应组学生(χ2值分别为135.75,59.25,16.70,57.48,36.67;109.38,9.75,10.32,65.13,21.50,P值均 < 0.01)。缺乏心理健康素养[OR值(OR值95%CI)分别为1.27(1.14~1.43)、1.85(1.55~2.22)] 和有童年期虐待[OR值(OR值95%CI)分别为1.93(1.75~2.13)、1.64(1.43~1.89)]的中学生最近饮酒和过量饮酒的发生风险均增加(P值均 < 0.01)。有童年期虐待经历且缺乏心理健康素养者最近饮酒与过量饮酒的检出率均最高,分别为15.05%,7.30%;OR值(OR值95%CI)分别为2.47(2.09~2.92)、3.37(2.55~4.44)。  结论  中学生缺乏心理健康素养及有童年期虐待均与饮酒行为有关联。预防童年期虐待?提高心理健康素养水平,有益于中学生饮酒行为的防控。     

Comparison of Selected Health Risk Behaviors Between Adolescents in Public and Private High Schools in South Carolina

ABSTRACT: This study examined differences in selected health risk behaviors among 5,517 students attending public high schools (PUBHS) and 1,089 students attending private high schools (PVTHS) in South Carolina. The 1995 CDC Youth Risk Behavior Survey was used to collect self-report information on adolescent risk behaviors. Chisquare analyses were performed for comparing public and private students on selected risk behaviors. Both PUBHS and PVTHS students reported substantial involvement in most of the risk-taking behaviors examined. PUBHS students, in general, were more likely to report higher prevalence rates than PVTHS students for most of the selected health risk behaviors. However, PVTHS students reported even higher prevalence rates than PUBHS students for alcohol use, driving after drinking, and binge drinking: smoking cigarettes (past 30 days); chewing tobacco (males only); marijuana use during the past 30 days (females only); and use of alcohol or other drugs before last act of sexual intercourse. Results suggest attendance at a private high school is not a panacea for protection against adolescent risk behaviors, and that all high school students could benefit from a coordinated school health program.