体重指数作为预防青少年心血管疾病的监测指标初探

本文旨在探索青少年生活方式与体重指数间的关系,以期为预防青少年心、脑血管疾病,寻找科学和行之有效的干预措施。     

脑血管疾病的两级预防

由于脑血管疾病多起病急、发展快、病情重,若抢救不及时或措施不当,病情很快恶化,危及生命,治疗效果并非十分理想。所以预防脑血管疾病的发生比治疗的意义更大。脑血管疾病的预防包括一级预防和二级预防,一级预防是指对已经具有脑血管疾病危险的人群控制其危险因素,防止脑血管疾病的发生。二级预防是指对于已经发生脑血管疾病的患者采取预防措施,预防脑血管疾病的复发。因此,对于脑血管疾病的预防应给予高度重视。     

青少年身体活动的行为干预研究进展

身体活动对促进青少年体质健康和控制体重有着极其重要的作用。身体活动不足是导致多种慢性非传染性疾病发生的重要危险因素之一。提高青少年身体活动水平是促进体质健康和预防慢性病发生的关键。本文综述了国内外青少年身体活动的干预研究,为提高青少年身体活动水平、进行体质健康综合干预提供理论依据。研究表明:通过健康教育、改变原有的体育课设置、提供支持性环境结合新媒体的应用等综合干预,可以促进青少年身体活动时间的增加。     

青少年特发性脊柱侧弯可控的危险因素分析

脊柱侧弯是青少年常见躯体疾病，以特发性脊柱侧弯最为常见。控制相关危险因素，是预防青少年特发性脊柱侧弯发生的重要手段。本研究对诱发青少年特发性脊柱侧弯发病的可控危险因素进行了综述。结果表明，青少年身体活动量不足、参与不适宜的体育活动（如艺术体操和芭蕾舞）、不良的身体姿势、背过重的背包和单肩包、低体质量指数是青少年发生特发性脊柱侧弯的可控危险因素。因此，建议青少年在日常生活中维持正确的身体姿势，双肩背小于身体重量的10%的背包，并保持体质量指数在正常范围内，适当参加球类等体育活动，通过这些措施来预防特发性脊柱侧弯的发生。     

工厂企业高血压病的预防与控制

上海市199及年制订了“2000年预防非传染性疾病战略目标，实施和评估方案”。脑卒中、冠心病的死亡率到1995年分Zg要控制在105／10万，45／10万[1、3、4]。高血压病是脑卒中、冠心病发病和死亡最重要的危险因素。本文就静安区上海电子计算机厂1991—1993年高血压病预防与控制的实施结果作初步评估，以探索工厂企业预防心、脑血管疾病的干预措施的可行性和有效性。一、材料与方法上海电子计算机厂自1991年起对全厂职工实施高血压病预防与控制。内容包括：设置慢性病防治组高血压病防治小组；制订工作计划、有关制度；降低患高血压病的危险因…     

运动和心脑血管疾病

当今,心、脑血管疾病已不只是发达国家人群的主要死因,在我国随着国民经济的发展,人口构成的老化以及平均期望寿命的提高,心、脑血管疾病死亡率逐年上升,已跃居首位死因。生命在于运动。对于预防心、脑血管疾病来说运动更为重要,运动可以预防某些心、脑血管疾病的发生,运动也可以作为某些心、脑血管疾病的一种治疗方法。高血压是最常见的一种心血管疾病,又是脑卒中和冠心病的主要危险因素。据1991年全国30个省、     

血同型半胱氨酸与脑血管病的相关性研究进展

脑血管病是神经内科最常见的疾病之一,它发病率高、复发率高、致残率和致死率也高,是消耗医疗资源、占用医药费用比例高的主要疾病之一,它既是一个医学问题,又是一个家庭和社会问题。过去,脑血管疾病的治疗主要是治疗动脉硬化、改善大脑血液供应、滋养脑细胞。预防主要是为了减少吸烟、高血压、高血脂、高血糖等危险因素。目前一些研究发现血液同型半胱氨酸过高是脑血管疾病的独立危险因素,也与脑血管疾病的一系列过程有密切的关系,包括从发生机制、发展过程、疾病复发、预后。本文研究了同型半胱氨酸的生成与代谢、正常人的范围、致病机制、同型半胱氨酸与脑血管疾病发病率、综述了其预后与同型半胱氨酸干预对脑血管病的影响之间的相关性。结论早期发现高同型半胱氨酸血症和积极干预,是降低脑血管病发病率的重要预防和治疗措施。     

剖宫产术切口感染危险因素的Logistic回归分析

目的:探讨引起剖宫产切口感染的危险因素及预防措施。方法:回顾性分析105例剖宫产切口感染和按1∶2随机选择的无切口感染剖宫产210例患者的临床资料,对可能影响切口感染的因素进行单因素分析与Logistic回归分析。结果:单因素分析共筛选出11个因素与切口感染有关;经过Logistic回归分析确定手术时间长、体重指数高、基础疾病、阴检导尿肛查多、未预防应用抗生素为切口感染的相关危险因素。结论:缩短手术时间、控制体重指数在合理范围内、治疗基础疾病、阴检导尿肛查根据实际慎重进行、术前给予抗生素以预防和控制切口感染。     

深圳市6～12岁儿童高血压及肥胖现况研究

目的 了解深圳市6～12岁儿童高血压和肥胖的流行现况,为成年期疾病的早期预防提供相关依据.方法 采用随机整群抽样法,抽取深圳市4所小学1140名6～12岁学生进行问卷调查并测量血压、身高、体重等生长发育指标.结果 深圳市6～12岁儿童高血压患病率为10.26%,其中男童11.04%,女童9.29%;男童超重率和肥胖率分别为13.25%和13.72%,女童超重率和肥胖率分别为9.09%和8.10%;随年龄增长血压逐渐上升,以收缩压升高更为显著.控制了年龄、性别因素后,体质指数与血压呈独立正相关,体质指数与收缩压和舒张压的偏相关系数分别为0.462和0.357(P＜0.001);与正常体重组相比,超重者和肥胖者发生高血压相对危险度(RR)分别为1.97和5.76.结论 深圳地区6～12岁儿童高血压流行形式严峻,加大健康教育与行为危险因素干预、控制儿童青少年超重和肥胖是预防高血压的重要措施.     

常熟市老年高血压患病状况及危险因素研究

高血压是我国老年人患病率最高的疾病，易并发心、脑血管疾病，已跃居我国人口死因第1位。为了解常熟市老年高血压患病情况及其危险因素，以采取有效措施控制高血压患病率和并发症，笔者于2000年6月进行了高血压患病调查。     

妇产科手术切口感染的防治研究

目的：研究分析妇产科手术切口感染的影响因素及其防治方法。方法收集我院2008年1月-2014年1月期间进行开腹手术的1800例患者临床资料进行回顾性分析。结果患者手术切口感染发生率为1.6%;患者质量指数高,并发各类基础病,年龄较大,阴道、肛门检查多,急诊手术、备皮至或手术时间长、术后用药及住院时间长等均为发生感染的相关因素（P〈0.05）。结论妇产科手术切口感染危险因素较多,应针对危险因素进行有效防治,减少切口感染发生率,提高患者生存质量。     

河南省偃师市高血压患病率调查及危险因素分析

目的通过调查河南省偃师市高血压患病率及分析危险因素,据此提出针对性防治对策,旨在为高血压高危人群的干预提供参考。方法2019年4月以分层随机抽样方法选取偃师市11个乡(镇)共计3011名18岁及以上的居民,采用统一调查问卷记录其一般人口学资料,并分析可能导致高血压发病的危险因素。结果3011名入选者中高血压患者1110名,发生率为36.86%;经多因素Logistic回归分析显示,年龄、体重指数与血脂指数(LDL-C)为导致患者发生高血压的危险因素(OR>1,P<0.05)。结论高龄、肥胖与血脂指数(LDL-C)升高为导致高血压发病的危险因素。因此,科学合理饮食、积极控制体重指数、养成良好的运动饮食习惯对预防高血压发病具有重要意义。     

Lifestyle factors as risk factors for fatigue and psychological distress in the working population: prospective results from the Maastricht Cohort Study

We examined potentially modifiable lifestyle factors as possible risk factors for the onset of fatigue and psychological distress after 1-year follow-up among 8833 employees who participated in the prospective Maastricht Cohort Study of "Fatigue at Work." Results showed, even after adjustment for demographics, presence of disease, other lifestyle factors, psychosocial work characteristics, and psychological distress, that overweight (body mass index, 25 to 29.9) and being physically inactive during leisure time were strongly related to onset of fatigue in men, whereas underweight (body mass index, < 18.5) in women increased the risk for future fatigue. In addition, the study suggests some differential effects of lifestyle factors in the onset of psychological distress. Certainly, these modifiable factors can be targeted in interventions, either on an individual or group level, to prevent or at least reduce the risk of developing fatigue and psychological distress in the working population.     

广州市城乡居民高血压相关影响因素分析

目的了解广州市城乡居民高血压的主要相关影响因素。为采取有针对性的控制措施提供科学依据。方法运用多阶段随机抽样方法确定调查样本，面对面询问调查15岁及以上居民高血压既往史和个人基本情况，测量血压。检测血糖及血脂水平。采用Logistic回归分析方法分析高血压相关影响因素。结果共调查23 485人。其中高血压患者4034人，高血压粗患病率为17．2％，其中城市、农村居民高血压患病率分别为19．2％，14．1％，城市高于农村，差异有统计学意义（P〈0．01）。Logistic回归分析结果显示，城市居民高血压主要影响因素有年龄、职业、腰围、体质指数、高血压家族史、高甘油三酯、糖尿病。农村居民高血压主要影响因素有年龄、腰围、体质指数、高血压家族史、高胆固醇、低高密度脂蛋白、糖尿病。结论城乡居民高血压影响因素存在差异，广州市高血压的防治重点应预防控制肥胖、糖尿病。     

Body mass index and risk of Parkinson's disease: a prospective cohort study

High body mass index has been associated with increased risk of several chronic diseases, including cardiovascular disease, and, recently, Alzheimer's disease. There are few data on the association of body mass index with Parkinson's disease, and results have been inconsistent. The authors conducted a prospective study among 10,812 men in the Harvard Alumni Health Study, followed from 1988 to 1998 (mean age at baseline: 67.7 years), to test the hypothesis that body mass index is associated with Parkinson's disease risk. Among 106 incident cases of Parkinson's disease, body mass index at baseline was not associated with Parkinson's disease risk (for body mass index <22.5, 22.5-<24.9, and > or =25.0 kg/m2: multivariate relative risks = 1.51 (95% confidence interval: 0.95, 2.40), 1.00 (referent), and 0.86 (95% confidence interval: 0.53, 1.41)). The authors had information on body mass index during late adolescence, when men entered college; this was unrelated to Parkinson's disease risk as well. Subjects who lost at least 0.5 units of body mass index per decade between college entry and 1988 had a significantly increased Parkinson's disease risk, compared with men having stable body mass index (multivariate relative risk = 2.60, 95% confidence interval: 1.10, 6.10). The authors conclude that body mass index is unrelated to Parkinson's disease risk and speculate that the observation of increased risk with body mass index loss since late adolescence may reflect weight loss due to Parkinson's disease that preceded clinical diagnosis.     

Normal-weight obese syndrome: early inflammation?

BACKGROUND: In obese subjects, the adipose mass represents an important source of proinflammatory cytokines. We have identified a new syndrome-the normal-weight obese (NWO) syndrome-in women with normal weight and body mass index but whose fat mass is >30% of their total body weight and whose risk of developing obesity-related diseases is likely increased. OBJECTIVE: The aim of the present study was to verify the hypothesis that NWO women are characterized by early inflammation, related to body fat mass, and that their plasma proinflammatory cytokine concentrations are greater than those of nonobese women. DESIGN: Twenty NWO, 20 preobese-obese, and 20 healthy (nonobese), age-matched white Italian women were studied. Anthropometric variables and plasma concentrations of proinflammatory cytokines and cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors were measured and compared between groups. RESULTS: Plasma values and body-composition measures were significantly different between the preobese-obese and nonobese women. No significant differences in body weight, laboratory values, or CVD risk factors were found between the NWO and nonobese groups. Compared with concentrations in the NWO women, plasma concentrations of interleukin (IL)-1alpha, IL-1beta, IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-alpha were significantly lower in the nonobese group and were significantly greater in the preobese-obese group. IL-6 and TNF-alpha concentrations were related to fat mass distribution in the NWO women. CONCLUSIONS: The proinflammatory cytokines could be regarded as significant prognostic indicators of the risk of obesity, CVD, and the metabolic syndrome in NWO women.     

Impact of Lifestyle on Overall Cancer Risk among Japanese: The Japan Public Health Center-Based Prospective Study (JPHC Study)

In Japan, cancer has long been recognized as a major component of the overall pattern of disease. Currently, there is a need to implement practical control measures with specific numerical targets appropriate for the Japanese population. Using data from the Japan Public Health Center-based Prospective Study, the author estimated the impact of major risk factors on overall cancer risk among a Japanese population. These risk factors included tobacco smoking, alcohol drinking, body mass index, history of diabetes, physical activity, and metabolic factors and their aggregates. The results show that tobacco smoking and heavy alcohol drinking were significantly positively associated with overall cancer risk, and that total physical activity was significantly inversely associated with the risk of cancer. Although people with a history of diabetes may be at increased risk of cancer, extreme body mass index and metabolic factors in the aggregate had little impact on overall cancer risk in the Japanese population.Key words: cancer, risk factor, attributable fraction, Japanese, cohort study     

妊娠期高血压疾病母婴结局不良的危险因素及预防对策

目的分析妊娠期高血压疾病母婴结局不良的危险因素并探讨有效的预防对策。方法选取河北省保定市妇幼保健院2012年5月-2013年4月收治的186例妊娠期高血压疾病患者作为研究对象,分析孕妇一般资料、妊娠状况以及疾病情况对母婴结局的影响。结果母婴结局良好116例,母婴结局不良70例,年龄≥35岁、文化程度低、体重指数异常、未补充叶酸、未定期孕检、疾病种类以及合并其他疾病均为母婴结局不良的危险因素。结论妊娠期高血压疾病母婴结局不良与诸多因素有关,临床工作者应该了解其危险因素,采取有效的预防措施,从而改善妊娠期高血压疾病母婴结局。     

Association of adult body mass index and height with anxiety, depression, and suicide in the general population: the HUNT study

A prospective cohort of 74,332 men and women was used to investigate the association of body mass index and height with suicide, anxiety, and depression. Participants in the Nord-Tr?ndelag Health Study (Norway, 1984-1986) (HUNT 1) were aged 20 years or more and followed up until December 31, 2002. Anxiety and depression were measured with the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Rating Scale (HADS) in 1995-1997. There were 183 suicides. Suicide risk decreased with increasing body mass index at baseline (1984-1986) in men and women. In models controlling for a range of psychological, social, and lifestyle factors, the hazard ratio per standard deviation increase in body mass index was 0.82 (95% confidence interval: 0.68, 0.98). In contrast, in the subset of participants (n = 44,396) with HADS measures, body mass index at baseline (1984-1986) was positively associated with depression. In fully adjusted models, the odds ratio for depression per standard deviation increase in body mass index (HADS-D: > or =8) was 1.11 (95% confidence interval: 1.07, 1.15). In fully adjusted models, there was no association of height with the incidence of suicide or depression. Raised body mass index is associated with an increased risk of depression but reduced risk of suicide in men and women. The mechanisms underlying these different associations require clarification.     

某高校中老年教职工代谢综合征危险因素分析

目的探讨高校40岁以上人群代谢综合征(metabolic syndrome,MS)患病状况及其相关危险因素。方法对某高校625例40岁以上教职工进行体检及问卷调查,检测空腹血糖及血脂等生化指标。比较不同年龄及性别MS患病率,对MS的相关危险因素进行统计学分析。采用描述性统计分析,χ2检验对计数资料进行分析,Logistic回归进行多因素分析,P0.05为差异有统计学意义。结果 MS患病率为16.67%,男性、女性患病率分别为18.37%、15.02%;随着年龄增长MS患病率逐渐升高,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。多因素Logistic分析结果表明,BMI、年龄、高血压家族史和饮酒是MS的重要危险因素,体育锻炼是保护因素。结论 BMI、年龄、高血压家族史和饮酒是高校教职工MS的危险因素,应针对MS相关危险因素尽早干预和治疗。