丹参药材中铅、镉、砷、汞、铜的含量测定

[目的]对不同产地的丹参药材中铅、镉、砷、汞、铜的含量进行测定,为高品质丹参药材的筛选提供某种依据,并为中药材质量标准的建立提供一定的参考价值.[方法]样品经湿法消解后,用原子吸收分光光度法进行检测.[结果]超标率为:铅6.25%;镉100%;砷0;汞0;铜31.25%.[结论]不同产地的丹参药材中砷、汞含量较低,铅和铜的含量个别超标,镉含量严重超标.     

Isolation and hypoglycemic activity of eleutherans A, B, C, D, E, F, and G: glycans of Eleutherococcus senticosus roots

Intraperitoneal injection of an aqueous extract of the crude drug "shigoka" (Siberian ginseng), Eleutherococcus senticosus roots, remarkably diminished plasma-sugar level in mice. Fractionation of the extract by monitoring the activity yielded seven glycans, eleutherans A, B, C, D, E, F, and G, which exerted marked hypoglycemic effects in normal and alloxan-induced hyperglycemic mice.     

中医综合康复护理气虚血瘀中风后肢体障碍

[目的]观察中医综合康复护理中风后肢体障碍疗效。[方法]使用前瞻性设计方法,对100例住院患者使用中医综合康复护理方法;上肢瘫痪按摩合谷、内关、曲池、少海等穴,托住患者肘关节将上肢托起,使肱骨外旋让肩关节依次做外展、内收、外旋、内旋等动作,托起前臂,使前臂分别做前旋和后旋动作,握住患侧手掌,使腕关节依次做内旋、外旋、腕屈、背伸等动作,握住指尖,使指关节依次做外展、内收、屈伸等动作,每个动作重复50~100次;下肢瘫痪按压双膝眼,照海,昆仑,承山,涌泉等穴,双手握抬起瘫痪下肢,使髋关节依次做内旋、外旋、内收、外展等动作,使下肢屈膝、屈髋,踝关节做左旋、右旋、背屈、跖屈,每个动作重复50~100次。连续护理2周为1疗程。观测临床症状、满意度、MBI指数评分、不良反应。连续护理2疗程(4周),判定疗效。[结果]治愈52例,好转18例,无效30例,总有效率70.00%;MBI指数评分(P0.01)。[结论]中医综合康复护理中风后肢体障碍,疗效满意,可显著提高生活质量,值得推广。     

Antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, antiparasitic, and cytotoxic activities of Galium mexicanum

Ethnopharmacological relevance

To study the potential benefit of the traditional Mexican medicinal plant Galium mexicanum Kunth (Rubiaceae). Hexane, chloroform, and methanol extracts as well as various fractions from these extracts were tested to determine antibacterial, antifungal, antiparasitic or anti-inflammatory activities in vitro.

Materials and methods

Aerial parts of the plant were extracted with various solvents and fractionated accordingly. Their antibacterial and antifungal activities were assessed on nine bacterial and four fungal strains. Leishmania donovani was used as a protozoan strain for antiparasitic activity. The anti-inflammatory activity of the compounds was investigated by measuring the secretion of interleukin-6 when macrophages were exposed to lipopolysaccharide.

Results

Various extracts and fractions obtained from this plant exhibit antibacterial, antifungal, antiparasitic, and anti-inflammatory activities. Of special interest was the hexane fraction HE 14b, which show antibacterial (ranging between 67 and 666 μg/ml) and antifungal (at concentrations of 333 μg/ml) activities. Also the hexane fraction HE 5 exhibited antiparasitic activity (at concentrations of 260 μg/ml), whereas the methanol fraction ME 13-15 showed a potent anti-inflammatory activity when compared to dexamethasone. Chemical analyses of the chloroform extract show the presence of triterpenes, saponins, flavonoids, sesquiterpene lactones, and glucosides, but no tannins were detected in the assayed extract.

Conclusions

The benefit of Galium mexicanum as a traditional medicinal plant was confirmed using antibacterial and antifungal assays in vitro. We also report for the first time, and to the best of our knowledge, antiparasitic and anti-inflammatory activities of this plant.     

欧洲刺柏（Juniper）

活性成分与药理作用欧洲刺柏药用部位是其浆果，具有促水排泄、防腐、抗胃肠胀气和抗风湿作用，还可改善胃功能。用作促水排泄药可增加尿量（水丢失），但不增加钠排泄。成分萜品烯-4-醇可增加肾小球滤过率，但刺激肾。欧洲刺柏浆果对单纯疱疹病毒体外显示抗病毒活性，并具抗真菌活性。动物实验显示，欧洲刺柏浆果提取物具有堕胎、抗生育、抗炎、抗胚胎植入、降血压、升血压和降血糖作用。欧洲刺柏浆果油具有兴奋子宫的活性，以及利尿、胃肠道抗菌和刺激作用，该油对平滑肌有阻止解痉作用。     

Antimalarial activity of physalins B, D, F, and G

The antimalarial activities of physalins B, D, F, and G (1-4), isolated from Physalis angulata, were investigated. In silico analysis using the similarity ensemble approach (SEA) database predicted the antimalarial activity of each of these compounds, which were shown using an in vitro assay against Plasmodium falciparum. However, treatment of P. berghei-infected mice with 3 increased parasitemia levels and mortality, whereas treatment with 2 was protective, causing a parasitemia reduction and a delay in mortality in P. berghei-infected mice. The exacerbation of in vivo infection by treatment with 3 is probably due to its potent immunosuppressive activity, which is not evident for 2.     

五味中草药中微量元素的综合评价

对五味中草药中微量元素进行分析,通过主成分分析的方法对中草药中微量元素进行综合评价,通过因子分析微量元素K、Ca、Mg、Cu、Zn、Fe、Mn等7种元素的功效,结果表明:这些元素与中药的药理作用有相关性。     

反相高效液相色谱同时测定苦参碱、氧化苦参碱、槐果碱和槐胺碱的含量

目的 :建立同时测定苦参碱、氧化苦参碱、槐果碱和槐胺碱的 HPL C方法。方法 :用 VP-ODS150 mm× 4.6mm,5μm色谱柱 ,柱温 50℃ ,以甲醇 -水 -三乙胺 (55∶ 45∶ 0 .2 )为流动相 ,紫外检测波长 2 15nm,流速 0 .8ml/ min。结果 :在所确立的色谱条件下 4种生物碱得到很好地分离 ,标准曲线显示在 0 .1～ 0 .7μg范围内具有良好的线性关系 ,平均回收率为98.5%～ 10 1.0 %。结论 :该方法简便、快速、准确 ,可用于生药及制剂中苦参碱、氧化苦参碱、槐果碱和槐胺碱的同时测定     

从热毒湿瘀虚辨治小儿IgA肾病

IgA肾病病理机制复杂,热邪为IgA肾病诱发和加重的始动因素,湿毒内蕴是IgA肾病关键病机,瘀血为IgA肾病病理基础,气阴两虚为IgA肾病的根本病机。设立总治则为祛邪扶正,常用治疗方法有清热解毒、清热利湿、活血化瘀、益气养阴。     

中医虚、劳、损、伤概念的分合衍变

在中医学的疾病分类体系中,虚、劳、损、伤这几个概念变换着不同的组合,从中我们可以理出一条对虚损类疾病认识嬗变的线索.     

电感耦合等离子质谱法测定热毒宁注射液中有害元素铅砷镉汞铜的含量

目的: 建立电感耦合等离子体质谱法(ICP-MS) 测定热毒宁注射液中铅(Pb),砷(As),镉(Cd),汞(Hg),铜(Cu)5 种元素同时的方法。 方法: 样品经微波消解后,以ICP-MS同时测定上述5种元素,其中Cu,As以铬(Ge)作为内标, Cd以铟(In)作为内标,Hg,Pb以铋(Bi)作为内标进行定量以改善基体效应和干扰。 结果: 各元素的检出限在0.009~0.113 μg ·L^-1; 各元素的线性关系良好,Pb,As,Cd,Cu,Hg线性范围分别为0~20,0~20,0~10,0~200,0~5 μg ·L^-1。r均≥ 0.999;精密度RSD<1.9%;重复性良好,回收率在97.8%~110.9%,RSD<4.3%。20批样品中5种元素的含量均符合规定。 结论: 该方法操作简便,分析速度快,灵敏度高,各项分析性能指标均达到要求,适用于热毒宁注射液中Pb,As,Cd,Hg,Cu元素的测定。     

Ethnobotanical survey of antidiarrhoeal plants of Parinche valley,Pune district,Maharashtra, India

Ethnopharmacological relevance

Maharashtra is the third largest state in India with a large tribal population. Documentation of traditional knowledge through ethnobotanical studies is important for conservation and utilization of indigenous knowledge. Diarrhoeal diseases are the second largest cause of morbidity in rural India. Medicinal plants given by the traditional healers of Parinche in Pune district, Maharashtra are known to be efficacious for many common ailments, including diarrhoeal diseases.

Aim of the study

Ethnobotanical survey of antidiarrhoeal plants from Parinche valley towards the documentation and conservation of traditional knowledge.

Materials and methods

Interviews and inquiries were conducted amongst traditional healers, indigenous communities and village elders.

Results

One hundred and eighty two plants used by tribes and natives for different ailments were documented of which 28 flowering plants were for diarrhoea. Leaf was the most preferred plant part. Amongst the 28 plants, antidiarrhoeal activity of five plants viz., Caesalpinia sepiaria, Dioscorea pentaphylla, Launaea pinnatifida, Syzygium rubicundum and Ziziphus jujuba has not been reported previously. Two species viz., Ziziphus xylopyra and Syzygium rubicundum are endemic to India.

Conclusion

Parinche valley is an ethnobotanically rich area with abundant availability and knowledge of medicinal plants that can serve as a model for low cost health care.     

Phytochemistry, Metabolism, and Metabolomics of Ginseng

Ginseng, as a medicinal plant, has been used for thousands of years in China, Korea, and Japan, and the study on ginseng is a hotspot in the research field as evidenced by about 7000 scientific papers in PUBMED. In recent decades, many ginseng studies focused on the metabolism and metabolomics of ginseng or its active ingredients using modern bioanalytical technologies. To date, more than 200 ginsenosides and non-saponin constituents have been isolated and identified. In the past decades, rapid development of analytical technologies has facilitated the advancement of ginseng research in many ways. In this review, we focus on the advances of ginseng research in chemistry, pharmacology, and metabolomics. We also provide the comments on the significance as well as challenges of metabolomics-based ginseng studies.     

Correlation of Metabolism, Metabolomics, and Metabonomics

<正>In this issue,CHM published two reviews on drug metabolism of Chinese herbal medicines.Three key words have been found,they are metabolism,metabolomics,and metabonomics.As we known,drug metabolism is the biochemical modification of pharmaceutical substances respectively by living organisms through specialized enzymatic systems,the rate of metabolism determines the duration and intensity of pharmacological responses     

益母草、赤芍、当归、三棱、莪术、泽兰对大白鼠血液凝固作用的影响

益母草、赤芍、当归、三棱、莪术、泽兰是临床常用的活血化瘀药。这些药物对于血液凝固作用的影响,近年有所报道,但限于体外血栓形成、血小板聚集、凝血酶时间等几个指标,多数采用离体和动物静脉给药的方法。为了更全面地了解这些活血化瘀药对血液凝固的影响,并使给药方法更接近于中医的传统,我们通过胃饲中药煎剂,观察     

理法方药临证发微

就中医独特的理法方药体系，结合自己的多年临证感悟，将理法方药的个性认识与四者的统一系统观，从辩证观的思想框架中进行了有益的探索，对于启迪思维、开拓思路和提高辩证论治水平有一定的指导意义。     

Tunicamycins, streptovirudins, and corynetoxins, a special subclass of nucleoside antibiotics

Tunicamycins, streptovirudins, and very recently, corynetoxins have been determined to be structurally related nucleoside antibiotics. Because of their special biological activity as inhibitors of protein glycosylation and their relatively complicated chemical structures, which differ from the common nucleoside antibiotics, they can be grouped together as a special subclass. A general specification system based on structural characteristics is included. The complete separation of the natural complex is still problematical, but seems to be necessary because differences in the biological activities of the individual components were observed.     

血竭含药血清对雪旺氏细胞NGF,BDNF,CNTF,LNGFR,TrkA,GDNF,GAP-43和NF-H表达的影响

目的:观察血竭含药血清对雪旺氏细胞NGF,BDNF,CNTF,LNGFR,TrkA,GDNF,GAP43和NF-H表达的影响,探讨其促进周围神经再生的可能机制.方法:SD大鼠随机分为血竭给药组(灌服血竭的香油溶液)和空白对照组(等体积香油),制备血竭含药血清和空白对照血清.选取出生3 dSD大鼠双侧坐骨神经制备雪旺氏细胞;将培养的雪旺氏细胞分为血竭组和空白对照组,分别用10％血竭含药血清和空白对照血清干预培养.48 h后应用RT-PCR法检测各组雪旺氏细胞NGF,BDNF等基因mRNA表达水平.结果:镜下观察到大部分雪旺氏细胞呈双极梭形,细胞呈肩对肩或端对端排列,免疫细胞化学鉴定均呈阳性;与空白组比较,血竭组NGF,LNGFR,GDNF和GAP43 mRNA表达上调(P＜0.01),BDNF mRNA表达下调(P＜0.05),CNTF和TrkA的mRNA均下调(P＜0.01),NF-H mRNA无显著差异.结论:中药血竭可能是通过上调NGF,LNGFR,GDNF,GAP-43的mRNA的表达,同时下调BDNF,CNTF,TrkA mRNA来发挥其促进神经修复作用.