十二指肠乳头旁憩室综合征影像学诊断价值的研究

目的　研究十二指肠乳头旁憩室 (PAD)综合征的影像学表现。对PAD进行分型和临床分级 ,提出合理的影像检查流程 ,以提高放射医师及临床医师对PAD综合征的影像诊断水平。资料与方法　回顾性分析经内镜证实的 117例PAD患者的临床及影像资料 ,分析PAD与胆胰管末端的位置关系。结果　 117例中显示 119个PAD ,其中乳头上型 71个 ,乳头下型 17个 ;乳头开口于憩室内 (憩室内型 ) 10个 ,乳头开口于憩室边缘 (憩室缘型 ) 2 1个。以憩室内型、边缘型和乳头上型易引起胆胰系统症状。合并肝外胆管扩张者 (直径 >1.0cm) 77例 (占 6 5 .8% ) ,相应PAD直径明显大于胆总管不扩张者 (P <0 .0 1)。结论　ERCP结合PAD造影及MRCP都是显示PAD及其与胆总管下段解剖关系的有效的影像检查手段 ,是诊断PAD综合征的理想方法 ,值得临床推广应用     

MSCT多平面重建对显示乳头旁憩室与胆胰管病变关系的价值

目的探讨多层螺旋CT(MSCT)多平面重建(MPR)对显示十二指肠乳头旁憩室(PAD)与胆胰管关系的临床应用价值。方法32例经MSCT容积扫描发现、并由内镜或上消化道钡餐造影(GI)证实的PAD病例,将其重建后的轴位源像传至Vitrea工作站进行MPR观察,获得有效显示PAD及其与胆胰管关系的图像。结果32例发现PAD34个:PAD位于乳头上方22例、乳头(或胆总管末端)开口于憩室缘7例、憩室内乳头(IDP)4例、憩室位于乳头下方1例。结论MSCT多平面重建清晰无创地显示PAD、胆胰管及两者关系与胆胰系病变。     

MRCP对乳头旁憩室综合征的诊断价值

目的评估MRCP对十二指肠乳头旁憩室综合征(PAD)的诊断价值。方法49例PAD患者行MRCP检查,分析其临床表现和影像征象,评估MRCP对PAD的检出率及显示PAD与胆胰管末端位置关系的能力。结果49例中46例MRCP显示47个PAD,其中1例为多发PAD(显示率为93.9%)。乳头上型34个、乳头下型7个、乳头开口于憩室边缘(憩室缘型)4个和乳头开口于憩室内(憩室内型)2个。结论MRCP作为一种新型的无创的成像手段,对PAD有着较高的显示率,对显示PAD与胆胰管末端的解剖关系及对乳头旁憩室综合征的诊断有着较大的价值和较为广阔的应用前景。     

十二指肠乳头旁憩室伴胆胰疾病CT及MRI诊断

目的:探讨十二指肠乳头旁憩室伴胆胰疾病的CT和MRI诊断价值。方法:回顾性分析25例经临床随访证实的十二指肠乳头旁憩室伴胆胰疾病的CT和MRI表现,其中21例行CT平扫及增强,9例行MRI平扫、增强以及MRCP。结果:十二指肠乳头旁憩室CT及MRI表现壶腹周围含液气囊性病灶。MRCP表现为十二指肠内侧间壶腹部突出高信号囊性病灶。25例患者中合并胆胰病变CT和/或MRI表现为胆总管及肝内胆管结石13例,胆管扩张及壁增厚强化8例,胰腺肿胀3例,胰周脂肪层模糊4例及渗出2例,肾前筋膜增厚5例,胰管串珠样扩张2例。结论:CT及MR能显示十二指肠乳头旁憩室同时显示胆胰疾病引起胆管及胰腺形态学改变,有助于十二指肠乳头旁憩室伴胆胰疾病诊断。     

伴有乳头旁憩室的胆囊术后综合征的影像学诊断

目的探讨伴有乳头旁憩室(PAD)的胆囊术后综合征的影像学表现.资料与方法回顾性分析近20年来在我院诊治的50例伴有PAD的胆囊术后综合征患者的临床和影像学资料.结果 50例患者中发现54个PAD,位于乳头上方42个,乳头下方7个,乳头开口于憩室内3个,开口于憩室缘2个.PAD直径为0.5～5.0 cm,其中＞1 cm 42个(77.8%),同时合并胆管结石35例(70%),缩窄性乳头炎18例(36%),胆总管囊肿2例(4%),胰腺癌2例(4%),胆源性胰腺炎1例(2%).结论 MRCP和ERCP结合憩室造影对伴有PAD的胆囊术后综合征具有较高的病因诊断准确率,在本病的诊断中具有重要价值.鉴于MRCP的无创伤性和无并发症等优点,在胆囊术后综合征的诊断上可取代诊断性ERCP.     

乳头旁憩室在T型管造影与诊断中的问题

目的本文报告32例乳头旁憩室,旨在强化临床的诊断意识,从而提高术前诊断水平.方法收集了胆胰管疾病行手术和T型管引流术后造影990例和钡检1例,总计991例.结果检出乳头旁憩室32例,其中发现Ⅰ、Ⅲ型中有两个亚型,分别为Ⅰa型(3例,9.37%)、Ⅰb型(2例,6.25%);Ⅲa型(9例,28.12%)、Ⅲb型(6例,18.75%).结论凡有胆胰管疾病的患者,术前应常规作上消化道钡餐检查和T型管引流术后造影;在检查中应用动态观察是减少术前、术后漏查、漏诊的关键技术.     

十二指肠乳头旁憩室的CT、MRI诊断

目的:探讨十二指肠乳头旁憩室(PAD)的CT、MR I特点及其诊断价值。材料和方法:搜集CT、MR I和MRCP检查发现的PAD 21例,男8例,女13例,平均年龄59.1岁。CT检查采用平扫加三期增强扫描,5~10mm层厚。MR I检查轴位T1W I使用FSPGR序列,T2W I使用FSE Fat SAT序列,冠状位T2W I使用FIESTA序列。MRCP采用SS-FSE序列厚层单次投射法。结果:21例PAD直径为1.6~5.2 cm,CT、MR I表现为十二指肠环内侧与胰头间类圆形气泡影,内可见气液面或网状影,甚至全部为液体充填。MRCP显示胆总管下段受压,肝外胆管扩张或胆胰管开口于PAD,胆胰管均有扩张。结论:PAD有典型的CT、MR I表现,MRCP可进一步观察PAD与胆胰管关系,对PAD综合征的临床诊断很有帮助。     

64层螺旋CT在十二指肠乳头旁憩室中的诊断

目的 探讨64层螺旋CT在十二指肠乳头旁憩室(JDD)中的诊断价值.方法 回顾分析经64层螺旋CT扫描发现并经消化道造影或内窥镜逆行性胆胰管造影(ERCP)证实的JDD 34例,通过后处理软件进行多平面重建(MPR)、容积再现(VR),显示其与胆总管下端的关系,并结合临床进行分析.结果 34例JDD,共发现乳头上型19例,乳头缘型10例,乳头水平外侧缘型1例,乳头下型4例.34例JDD合并胆总管结石7例,胆总管下端炎性狭窄11例,胆囊结石7例,急性胆囊炎4例,慢性胆囊炎17例,合并急性胰腺炎1例,慢性胰腺炎2例,合并肝内胆管小结石3例.结论 64层螺旋CT强大的后处理功能,不仅使JDD的检出率明显提高,更可显示其与十二指肠乳头的关系,可对临床胆系疾病的发病原因提供有益的帮助.     

胰胆管疾病的ERCP影像诊断

目的评价内窥镜逆行胰胆管造影(ERCP)对胰胆管疾病的诊断价值。方法回顾性分析了经手术或病理及临床证实胰胆管疾病480例的ERCP表现,并与CT,MRI,MRCP,超声及透皮肝穿刺胆道造影(PTC)等检查方法进行对比。结果正常胰胆管75例,先天性胆管囊肿14例,胆系结石292例,奥狄括约肌狭窄症46例,壶腹癌、胆管癌52例,胰管癌4例,胰腺炎2例,胰管结石3例,胆道蛔虫症9例,肝内胆管发育变异2例,胆囊管异位开口6例,胆道-腹腔漏2例,十二指肠乳头旁憩室9例,十二指肠乳头开口于憩室内2例,肝移植后吻合口狭窄2例,肝移植后吻合口狭窄并胆漏1例,肝移植后肝外胆管条状结石2例。结论ERCP及MRCP检查同为诊断胰胆管疾病的“金标准”,但每种影像学方法均有其优缺点,应根据患者情况选择。ERCP虽有一定的创伤性,但检查同时可行内镜下乳头括约肌切开术(EST)等微创治疗。     

磁共振胆道成像诊断十二指肠乳头旁憩室8例

十二指肠乳头旁憩室是胆道疾病的重要诱发因素之一,磁共振胆道成像（MRCP）技术利用十二指肠憩室与胆胰管系统均为含水结构的特征,可明确显示胰胆管病变与十二指肠憩室的结构关系。近期我们对梗阻性黄疸行MRCP检查,其中诊断为十二指肠乳头旁憩室并发梗阻性黄疸8例。现分析报告如下。     

Post-ERCP pancreatitis: association with urographic visualization during ERCP

To investigate the possible association of urographic visualization and acinarization of contrast material with postprocedure pancreatitis, 140 consecutive endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatograms (ERCP) with pancreatic duct filling were reviewed. Urographic visualization was identified in 29 patients (21%); pancreatitis developed in 13 of these patients (45%). Pancreatitis occurred in five of 111 patients (4%) without urographic visualization. Of 19 patients who demonstrated both acinarization and urographic visualization, ten (53%) had postprocedure pancreatitis. Twenty-six patients exhibited acinarization without urographic visualization; one (4%) had pancreatitis. Urographic visualization during ERCP is probably more common than generally recognized and indicates patients who are at high risk for postprocedure pancreatitis. Although acinarization accompanied by urographic visualization is associated with a high risk of pancreatitis, acinarization alone was not associated with this complication in this study. Detection of renal opacification during ERCP requires close scrutiny of films is best accomplished on overhead radiographs.     

Can MRCP replace ERCP?

Magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography (MRCP) has replaced direct cholangiography and pancreatography in many instances. Its complete noninvasiveness and flexibility are less onerous for patients. For the use of screening as well as scrutiny, MRCP has played an important role in diagnosing various pathologies in this field. The usefulness of MRCP is not limited to anatomical evaluations; it can also yield physiologic and functional information. From a cost-performance basis, MRCP is undoubtedly superior to direct methods. Coupled with a cutting-edge MR system, MRCP has the potential to limit the use of invasive transpapillary and percutaneous methods merely to interventional purposes. In the near future, the emergence of interventional MR scanners will make MRCP even more competitive, and the replacement will be accelerated.     

The frequency of hyperamylasemia after ERCP with diatrizoate and iohexol

The frequency of hyperamylasemia was examined in 88 consecutive patients undergoing ERCP (endoscopic retrograde cholangio-pancreaticography) using either meglumine diatrizoate at 306 mgI/ml., or iohexol at 240 mgI/ml. There was no difference in the incidence of hyperamylasemia between these two groups of patients, nor did any other factors appear to influence its occurrence. The authors conclude that acute hyperamylasemia after ERCP is a complication of relatively minor importance unlikely to be reduced by the use of low osmolality contrast media.     

Role of MR cholangiopancreatography in patients with failed or inadequate ERCP

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the spectrum of MR imaging features of primary sclerosing cholangitis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A retrospective review was performed of MR imaging findings including MR cholangiography and multiphasic contrast-enhanced dynamic sequences in 22 patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis. MR imaging analysis included abnormalities of intra- and extrahepatic bile ducts, abnormalities of liver parenchyma, changes in liver morphology, and lymphadenopathy. RESULTS: Abnormal findings of bile ducts were seen in all 22 patients; the most common finding was intrahepatic bile duct dilatation (77%), followed by intrahepatic bile duct stenosis (64%), extrahepatic bile duct wall enhancement (67%), extrahepatic bile duct wall thickening (50%), extrahepatic bile duct stenosis (50%), and intrahepatic bile duct beading (36%). Increased enhancement of the liver parenchyma on dynamic arterial-phase images, predominantly in the peripheral areas of the liver, was identified in 56% of patients. Other findings included periportal lymphadenopathy (77%), periportal high signal intensity on T2-weighted images (68%), hypertrophy of the caudate lobe (68%), and abnormal hyperintensity of the liver parenchyma on T1-weighted images (23%). CONCLUSION: On MR imaging, primary sclerosing cholangitis showed several characteristic features, including bile duct abnormalities and increased enhancement of the liver parenchyma. MR cholangiography and contrast-enhanced dynamic MR techniques are useful for revealing intra- and extrahepatic signs of primary sclerosing cholangitis.     

治疗性ERCP在老年胆胰疾病患者中的应用

目的 探讨治疗性ERCP在老年胆胰疾病患者中的疗效及并发症.方法 回顾性分析123例老年胆胰患者的ERCP治疗效果及并发症,其中胆道结石经内镜乳头括约肌切开术(EST)取石49例,胆道及十二指肠乳头癌37例,急性胆源性胰腺炎21例,急性化脓性胆管炎15例,胆总管术后梗阻性重症黄疸1例.结果 胆总管结石49例,其中27例一次性取石成功,12例放置鼻胆管间隔7d后行第二次取石,6例一次取石加鼻胆管冲洗,4例因多发性充满型结石并慢性化脓性胆管炎鼻胆管引流后放置胆道塑料支架.急性胆源性胰腺炎21例,72h内行乳头切开+鼻胆管引流;急性化脓性胆管炎15例,除1例感染性休克纠正后择期行ERCP治疗外,其余均于48h内急诊行ERCP治疗;胆道外科手术后并发肝总管狭窄、胆窦形成1例,置入胆道塑料支架胆汁内引流.以上治疗成功率100%.胆道及十二指肠乳头癌37例,置入胆道支架胆汁内引流,6例失败,后改行经皮经肝胆管引流(PTCD)术,ERCP治疗成功率83.78%.123例患者ERCP术总成功率95.12%,并发症发生率低,仅发生出血4例(3.25%)、急性化脓性胆管炎3例(2.44%),经积极处理均得以控制.结论 治疗性ERCP对老年胆道结石、急性胆源性胰腺炎、急性化脓性胆管炎具有微创、不需麻醉、并发症少、效果确切等优点,可以替代外科手术;对胆道肿瘤解除梗阻成功率高,失败者多为胆道高位占位严重狭窄,可用PTCD术替补治疗.     

内镜逆行胰胆管造影诊断胰腺癌：附119例分析

笔者通过ＥＲＣＰ（内镜逆行胰胆管造影）检查的１１９例胰腺癌分析．详述了胰腺癌的ＥＲＣＰ表现，提出了ＥＲＣＰ诊断胰腺癌的六型分类法，即：（１）主胰管闭塞型；（２）主胰管狭窄型；（３）主胰管筛孔状破坏型；（４）主胰管受压移位型；（５）胆管梗阻型；（６）主胰管正常型，本组ＥＲＣＰ插管成功率为９３．３％，诊断胰腺癌的敏感性和准确性分别为８９．７％和９４．６％，比同组Ｂ超和ＣＴ高。作者认为，ＥＫＣＰ应作为胰腺癌术前诊断的主导方法。但是，若将Ｂ超、ＥＲＣＰ和ＣＴ合理地结合，术前诊断正确率可进一步提高（本组提高到了１００％）。     

治疗性ERCP：64例回顾

作者回顾分析６４例治疗性ＥＲＣＰ。男４０例，女２４例，年龄２０￣７８岁。切开组２８例切开顺利，２５例取石成功；鼻胆管组２５例和内置管组１１例，引流良好分别为２１例（８４．０％）和９例（８１．８％）。本组资料胆管结石治疗最常见，有３３例（５１．６％）；其次为恶性肿瘤２４例（３７．５％）；其他７例（１０．９％）。对胆道或这疾病的治疗，治疗性ＥＲＣＰ是一种较好的非手术治疗方法，特别是对于胆道结石，阻塞性