利用健康教育，促进乡村散居儿童预防保健工作的开展

本文密切联系莱州市朱由镇散居儿童的预防保健工作。叙述了充分发挥乡村两级健康教育网络作用的景体做法；通过市级业务主管部门对乡镇医务人员进行健康教育，提高了对乡村散居儿童预防保健工作的管理水平；医院对乡村医生进行健康教育，是做好散居儿童预防保健工作的保障性措施；医院对儿童家长进行健康教育，是促进乡村散居儿童预防保健工作顺利开展的关键。     

沈阳市0~2岁儿童家长佝偻病防病知识问卷调查

目的:了解沈阳市城区门诊儿童家长对佝偻病防治知识和技能的掌握情况。方法:对在市内5区20个散居儿童保健门诊就诊的儿童家长采用问卷调查表进行调查。结果:家长对佝偻病防治意识增强,但佝偻病防病知识有偏差。结论:家长对佝偻病防治技能的掌握程度不容乐观,儿童保健门诊应加强佝偻病防病知识宣教。     

济南市散居儿童系统化管理效果分析

目的:掌握济南市散居儿童系统化管理后健康状况及其变化趋势。方法:采用时间序列比较方法对1999~2004年济南市散居儿童健康年报资料进行分析比较。结果:1996~2004年儿童系统管理合格率逐年提高,营养不良、贫血、佝偻病发病率及5岁以下儿童肺炎死亡率呈下降趋势。结论:儿童保健系统化管理直接影响儿童保健工作质量及儿童身心健康。     

厦门市城区1995～2001年散居儿童保健分析

十多年来 ,3级儿童保健网逐步健全 ,儿童保健工作进入规范管理。 1995年我们拟定散居儿童保健工作量化考核标准 ,每年对城区街道卫生院儿童保健工作进行检查考核 ,逐步提高了我市城区散居儿童保健工作的质量。1　对象和方法　　资料为 1995～ 2 0 0 1年厦门市城区散居儿童保健考核情况 ;1997～ 2 0 0 1年城区各妇幼保健所上报我院的“五病”报表 ;1995～ 2 0 0 1年城区各区妇幼保健所上报我院的妇幼报表。儿童常见病的诊断按照卫生部颁发的《小儿“四病”防治方案》 ,由城区街道卫生院儿保医生登记 ,定期统计 ,逐级核对上报我院。2　结　果2…     

北京市海淀区八年0～6岁散居儿童健康状况分析

[目的]了解北京市海淀区散居儿童近年来健康状况,找出今后儿童保健工作的重点.[方法]对海淀区1996～2003年8年散居儿童健康状况进行分析.[结果]8年间北京市海淀区散居儿童0～6岁营养性缺铁性贫血、营养不良、0～2岁佝偻病患病率逐年下降,差异有显著性(P＜0.01);但0～2岁婴幼儿仍是贫血防治的重点人群;散居儿童肥胖患病率在3.57%～4.16%间居高不降,年龄分布以0～2岁组最高,3～4岁组有逐年增高趋势.8年中新生儿期疾病发生率在3.16%～5.27%间有增高趋势,近4年先天性心脏病跃居新生儿期疾病顺位的前三位.[结论]北京市海淀区散居儿童系统管理成效显著,今后工作重点应加强儿童肥胖的监测和管理.新生儿保健仍是散居儿童保健的重中之重.     

集、散居儿童高发病季节发病率比较分析与对策

集、散居儿童高发病季节发病率比较分析与对策宫翠霞（安徽省含山县妇幼保健所２３８１００）为了解集、散居儿童在高发病期的发病情况、探讨科学合理的保健措施，我所于１９９２年至１９９３年期间对含城幼儿园３～６岁的幼儿园儿童和散居儿童１４５２名在高发病期就多发...     

城市儿童营养性疾病临床分析

【目的】分析儿童营养性疾病变化趋势，探讨儿童保健系统管理在控制和预防营养性疾病中的作用。【方法】在儿童保健系统管理的基础上，为辖区内儿童定期做体格检查，采用WHO和卫生部标准评估儿童营养状态并对儿童家长进行健康教育和营养指导。【结果】十年间儿童贫血、营养不良、佝偻病患病率逐年减低，疾病谱发生变化，婴幼儿营养性疾病主要为贫血，学龄前儿童主要为肥胖。散居儿童贫血、营养不良、佝偻病以及超重儿童检出率随年龄增长降低，而肥胖检出率随年龄增长有增高趋势，2岁内以超重为主，2岁后以肥胖为主．其中，4～6岁主要为中、重度肥胖。【结论】儿童营养缺乏性疾病明显减少，肥胖症患病率略有增加．应将儿童肥胖症纳入儿童保健系统管理范围。     

491名社区体弱儿童管理情况分析

目的通过总结分析广州市大石街社区内491名0~3岁散居体弱儿童管理情况,探讨散居儿童体弱高危因素,为社区开展儿童保健工作综合服务提供决策依据。方法对2009-2012年度社区管理的全部散居体弱儿童的管理情况进行统计分析。结果社区管理4年来体弱儿童患病率呈逐年下降趋势;体弱儿童发生的高危因素集中在中、重度营养不良及早产低体重儿。结论通过加强健康宣教,孕期保健,控制早产儿、低体重儿的发生有助于降低体弱儿的发病,中、重度营养不良早发现、早干预、早治疗效果好。社区儿童保健中应加强对体弱儿的专案管理,以提高体弱儿生命质量,保证儿童在生理上的健康成长。     

农村散居儿童保健管理探讨

本文从机构职能、组织管理、业务培训、资料管理、以及工作评价等方面对如何搞好农村散居儿童的保健管理进行了探讨.     

无锡市外来人口儿童保健服务现状与需求调查分析

目的:了解外来人口儿童保健服务现状与需求,探讨外来儿童的保健管理方法,提高儿童健康水平。方法:采用随机抽样方式对无锡市244名5岁以下外来儿童家长进行问卷调查。结果:外来儿童家庭经济条件普遍较差,父母文化水平低,保健意识薄弱,有39.34%家长认为儿童保健工作很重要。儿童保健服务状况差,仅40.16%的外来儿童接受过儿童保健服务:儿童保健项目需求不一,选择早期教育者占第1位。50%左右的家长希望通过医疗保健机构或专题知识讲座获得儿童保健知识。外来儿童家庭每年能承担的儿童保健服务费用较低,每年100元以下者占59.83%。结论:加强宣教,提高家长对儿童的保健意识;加强管理,提供经济实用的保健服务。     

贵州省16岁以上城乡居民健康认知现状调查

目的了解贵州省16岁以上城乡居民健康认知现状,为政府实施有效的健康教育与健康促进提供依据。方法采用文献资料、问卷调查、逻辑分析及数理统计等方法,调查贵州省16岁以上城乡居民健康认知现状并进行分析研究。结果调查发现,有16.6%和66.6%的的居民偶尔和不能够采用综合的方法来维护与促进自身健康;42.3%和34.9%的居民偶尔和不能够定期接受健康体检等等,居民健康认知现状和国家健康教育与促进的有效性不容乐观。结论居民健康知识知晓率和健康行为形成率亟待提高,政府健康促进模式和健康干预策略急需完善。     

长宁区0~6岁非户籍儿童保健现状及对策研究

【目的】 了解长宁区0~6岁非户籍儿童的卫生保健现状与需求。 【方法】 采用随机整群抽样,按照1∶1配对的方法,抽取长宁区北新泾街道0~6岁户籍与非户籍儿童共计436例,对家长进行统一的问卷调查。 【结果】 非户籍儿童的系统保健管理率低,仅19.18%,户籍儿童系统保健管理率高达80.65%,两者差异有统计学意义(P<0.001);非户籍儿童的体格生长发育较户籍儿童差,非户籍儿童体重、身高低于P₁₀的儿童明显较户籍儿童多;户籍儿童与非户籍儿童家长对儿童系统保健的认识差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);非户籍儿童家长对营养疾病的知晓率及儿童保健项目的知晓率中只有预防接种较户籍儿童高,其它内容均较户籍儿童低。 【结论】 非户籍儿童的保健状况较户籍儿童差,应加强对非户籍儿童家长保健知识的宣传,儿童保健管理真正从户籍儿童向属地化儿童转变。让非户籍儿童享受基本、均等化的卫生保健服务。     

鄂温克旗0～5岁儿童母亲关于急性呼吸道感染和儿童腹泻病知、信、行的研究

本文对内蒙古鄂温克旗283名0～5岁儿童母亲关于ARI和CDD的知、信、行进行了调查,结果表明:55.1％的母亲对卫生知识掌握较好,44.9％的母亲较差;母亲卫生知识的掌握程度与其文化水平密切相关,文化水平越高,知识掌握越好;母亲对卫生知识的掌握也受传播媒介的影响;87.6％的母亲认为很有必要继续学习有关知识。本文为进一步在牧区家长中开展健康教育提供了依据。     

A Model for Training Community-Based Providers for Children with Special Health Care Needs

ABSTRACT: Children with special health care needs pose many challenges for community-based providers. Programs such as school, child care, and Head Start provide services to children that previously would have been delivered in hospitals or at home. The need for a system of care to assure safe, quality services for these children is paramount. While health procedure manuals for schools have been developed, few recommendations address the actual training of providers or the trainers of providers. This article describes a system of training which includes steps in managing the care of children with special health care needs, levels of training, and expected competencies for the care providers of children with special health care needs.     

Medical care utilization by AFDC recipients under reformed Medicaid

As Medicaid moves toward a system of managed care, Aid for Families with Dependent Children (AFDC) recipients often are assigned to an organization that assumes responsibility for managing their annual receipt of health care. This study reports the results of an investigation into the patterns of medical care utilization by AFDC recipients and their children under reformed Medicaid. The issues explored include whether or not medical care utilization patterns vary by race, and if there are identifiable factors that determine the utilization patterns of AFDC recipients and their children. We conclude that racial differences in medical care utilization do exist for AFDC recipients, but not for their children. Policy makers involved in reforming Medicaid should recognize that certain cohorts continue to exhibit undesirable medical care utilization patterns, and implement measures to rectify this situation.     

江西省5岁儿童龋病抽样调查及相关影响因素分析

目的:了解江西省5岁儿童乳牙龋病现状及相关影响因素,为开展儿童口腔预防保健工作提供基线资料。方法:采用多阶段、分层、等容量、随机抽样的方法,对城乡792名5岁儿童进行龋病情况调查,随机抽取396名父母进行问卷调查,并对龋病相关影响因素进行单因素分析。结果:5岁儿童乳牙患龋率为62.70%,龋均为2.96,龋齿充填率为0.73%;患龋率和龋均在城乡、性别间的差异均无统计学意义;患龋率最高的是上颌乳中切牙。父母在口腔健康方面的认知态度正确与否、孩子睡前吃甜点或喝甜饮料与儿童患龋相关。结论:预防乳牙龋齿需要综合防治,特别是要加强儿童及家长的口腔健康教育。     

Statutory health assessments for looked‐after children: what do they achieve?

OBJECTIVE: To examine the outcomes of statutory health assessment of children looked after by an English City Council. DESIGN: Retrospective longitudinal documentary analysis. SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS: Health records of all children looked after by Southampton City Council who had attended at least two statutory health assessments within a designated paediatric service from 1996 to 1999. MAIN VARIABLES STUDIED: Demographic characteristics of the children; physical and mental health problems identified at assessment and extent to which health recommendations were implemented. RESULTS: Twenty-seven boys and 22 girls aged 6 months-15 years were identified who had attended at least two assessments. One-hundred and four physical and mental health needs were identified at care entry requiring further assessment or intervention. More health problems were identified for girls than boys. At care entry 15/49 of the children were not fully immunized. At review, on average 14 months later, recommendations had only been implemented in just over half of children. CONCLUSIONS: In common with previous studies this work confirms that the statutory health assessment identifies health need and health neglect that may otherwise go unrecognized. Whereas children's needs and problems were diverse, many continued to suffer health neglect in the system of public care designed to help them. In order to be effective, statutory health assessments must be a health promoting rather than disease screening exercise delivered by professionals skilled to address diverse health needs. Crucially, the heath assessment can only succeed as a tool for health advocacy if complementary to and integrated with local authority care and review.     

我国计划妊娠人群健康状况的研究进展

目的近年来,随着我国优生优育工作逐步加强,各地相继开展为准备怀孕的夫妇提供健康教育与咨询、健康状况评估、健康指导为主要内容的保健服务和研究。本文综述了近年来我国计划妊娠人群的健康状况研究分析,这些研究提示计划妊娠人群的身心健康状况不容乐观,应大力加强计划妊娠人群健康体检、孕前保健知识宣传工作,提高孕前人群检查、咨询和指导的水平,从而提高孕前人群的保健水平。     

Rotavirus vaccination in northeast Brazil: A laudable intervention,but can it lead to cost-savings?

This study assessed the family and heath system's costs due to diarrhoea in children <2 years old, before/after the introduction of a rotavirus vaccine in Brazil in 2006. Information on diarrhoea health care costs and morbidity were obtained from the primary health care system, the National Public Health database (2004–2008) and care-givers. Diarrhoea ambulatory consultations and hospitalizations had a declining trend during the entire period, with additional steeper reductions after vaccine introduction. The vaccine thus is associated with reduced diarrhoea consultations and hospitalization costs and families’ out-of-pocket expenses. Despite these gains, the overall health system's costs have increased.