衰老过程中间充质干细胞物理异质性变化对分化潜能的影响

间充质干细胞（mesenchymal stem cells, MSCs）具有成骨分化、成软骨分化、成脂肪分化等多向分化潜能,已被广泛用于基础研究和临床应用。在衰老过程中,MSCs的分化潜能会发生改变,表现为成骨分化潜能下降,而成脂分化潜能增强。衰老过程中,MSCs在分化潜能变化的同时伴有细胞物理异质性（细胞尺寸、细胞硬度、核质比等）变化。研究表明,物理异质性变化可能是导致MSCs分化潜能变化的关键因素。因此,研究MSCs衰老过程中的物理异质性变化为预测干细胞命运提供新的研究方向。本文主要综述衰老过程中物理异质性变化对MSCs分化潜能的影响,并对相应机制进行探讨。     

硅纳米颗粒诱导小鼠间充质干细胞成骨分化和迁移的体外研究*

目的 通过溶胶-凝胶法合成纳米尺径的硅基生物活性颗粒（SBPs）,检测其对间充质干细胞（MSCs）成骨分化和迁移的作用。方法 通过溶胶-凝胶法合成SBPs,通过扫描电镜和ZATA电位分析仪检测颗粒的物理特征。在培养基中添加SBPs配置成系列浓度的条件培养基,检测不同浓度的SBPs对小鼠MSCs增殖、成骨分化和迁移的影响。结果 SBPs的平均直径为134.3 nm,并且呈均匀分散球形颗粒。不同浓度的SBPs对MSCs增殖无影响;但4 µg/mL的SBPs对细胞成骨分化有明显的促进作用;高浓度（>16 µg/mL）的SBPs抑制MSCs的成骨分化;4 µg/mL的SBPs对MSCs有明显的促进迁移的作用。结论 在适宜浓度范围内（1 ～ 4 μg/mL）,SBPs具有促成骨作用和诱导MSCs迁移,未来可能被用来与其他生物材料复合制备新型的骨移植材料。     

#br# rhTGF-β1对SD大鼠MSCs骨向分化的影响及机制研究

 目的：通过观察重组人转化生长因子 β1(rhTGF-β1)对大鼠骨髓间充质干细胞(MSCs)增殖和骨向分化能力的影响,以及对骨形态发生蛋白2(BMP-2)、Smad4及核心结合因子α1(Cbfa1)的作用,阐释其对MSCs骨向分化影响以及可能的作用机制。方法：用全骨髓贴壁法分离、纯化SD大鼠MSCs;用MTT法检测0、5、10、20、40、80和100 μg/L rhTGF-β1对MSCs增殖活性的影响;以碱性磷酸酶(ALP)活性及ALP染色阳性率确定rhTGF-β1的最佳促MSCs骨向分化浓度,并以该浓度对MSCs骨向分化进行干预。按是否添加经典成骨诱导液将实验分为：正常组、经典组、rhTGF-β1组和rhTGF-β1+经典组。通过检测ALP、I型胶原、骨钙素表达和钙化结节的数目,评价各组骨向分化能力;通过检测BMP-2、Smad4和Cbfa1 mRNA的表达,评价各组促MSCs骨向分化的可能作用机制。结果：rhTGF-β1最佳促MSCs增殖浓度为10 μg/L,最佳促MSCs骨向分化浓度为5 μg/L。经典组、rhTGF-β1组和rhTGF-β1+经典组均能促进MSCs骨向分化,刺激BMP-2分泌,并上调Smad4和Cbfa1 mRNA的表达,且rhTGF-β1对MSCs成骨分化的早期、中期效果好,而rhTGF-β1+经典组对MSCs成骨分化的晚期效果更为明显。结论:经典组、rhTGF-β1组和rhTGF-β1+经典组均有促MSCs骨向分化的作用,其机制可能是促进BMP-2的分泌,通过TGF-β超家族/Smads信号通路调控骨向分化。     

小鼠间充质干细胞脂向分化过程中miRNA-143的表达

 目的：探讨小鼠间充质干细胞（MSCs）脂向分化过程中miRNA-143（miR-143）的表达,为阐明MSCs脂向分化的调控机制提供新线索。方法：采用全骨髓体外分离结合差速贴壁法纯化扩增C57BL／6小鼠MSCs,将第5代MSCs采用脂肪细胞分化诱导剂进行成脂诱导。运用miRNA芯片技术比较MSCs组和脂肪细胞组中miR-143的表达,并通过实时定量PCR技术验证。结果：成功分离、纯化、培养MSCs;MSCs经脂肪诱导剂诱导后,胞内大量脂滴形成,油红O染色阳性。MiRNA芯片及实时定量PCR结果均表明miR-143在MSCs脂向分化过程中显著上调（3.73±0.42 vs 1.00±0.14,P<0.01）。结论：MiR-143可能参与调控MSCs的脂向分化。     

经典Wnt信号通路对细胞成骨分化的调控作用

Wnt信号通路是参与体内多种器官发育和组织新陈代谢的保守性通路,可分为经典和非经典Wnt信号通路.其中,经典Wnt信号通路通过调节下游的成骨相关转录因子调控细胞成骨分化、骨基质形成和矿化,且在细胞分化的不同阶段发挥不同的调控作用.此外,经典Wnt信号通路还调控牙周组织干细胞成骨分化,该作用受外界微环境的影响.加深对经典Wnt信号通路的认识有助于治疗相关的骨疾病.     

钙离子通道在调节间充质干细胞骨向分化中的作用的研究进展

口-颅颌面创伤、感染和肿瘤等伴发的骨折、骨缺损是亟待解决的医学难题,采用自体间充质干细胞（Mesenchymal stem cells,MSCs）用于治疗骨缺损具有良好的应用前景。钙离子通道是影响MSCs骨向分化的重要通道,但针对其具体机制,目前尚不清楚。现就各类型钙离子通道对不同来源的MSCs骨向分化的调控作用和机制进行综述,为促进口-颅颌面骨折愈合和骨再生提供新的思路和方法。     

骨化三醇通过PI3K/AKT促进BMP9诱导的间充质干细胞成骨分化作用

目的研究骨化三醇(calcitriol)对骨形态发生蛋白9(bone morphogenetic protein 9,BMP9)诱导的间充质干细胞(mesenchymal stem cells,MSCs)成骨分化作用的影响。方法实验分为4组:对照组、calcitriol组、BMP9组、calcitriol联合BMP9组。通过PNPP法检测各组碱性磷酸酶(alkaline phosphatase,ALP)活性;通过RT-PCR和Western blotting方法检测成骨分化标记物骨钙蛋白(osteocalcin,OCN)和骨桥蛋白(osteopontin,OPN)表达变化,同时检测AKT和β-catenin磷酸化水平以及和ALP活性水平;茜素红染色检测矿化结节形成。此外,用原子力显微镜测试MSCs成骨分化过程中细胞形态及细胞弹性模量改变。结果 calcitriol单独作用对MSCs成骨分化过程无明显作用,但是calcitriol可以增强BMP9诱导MSCs的ALP、OCN、OPN表达和矿化结节形成。同时,calcitriol和BMP9作用均不影响细胞弹性模量数值。BMP9和calcitriol联合作用可以增强AKT和β-catenin磷酸化水平,而PI3K抑制剂应用以后可以抑制这种磷酸化变化,并抑制联合作用后的ALP活性。calcitriol作用以后不影响BMP9诱导的BMP/Smad信号通路。结论 calcitriol通过激活PI3K/AKT信号通路从而协同BMP9促进MSCs成骨分化。研究不同调控因子对MSCs成骨分化的作用及机制对于骨质疏松等疾病的治疗和骨组织工程的发展有一定意义。     

骨髓间充质干细胞在去卵巢大鼠骨质疏松发病机理中潜在的作用

为探讨去卵巢骨质疏松大鼠骨髓间充质干细胞（Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells，MSCs）成纤维细胞集落生成单位（CFU—Fs）、细胞周期、成骨分化能力和成脂分化能力的变化，选用3月龄和6月龄健康雌性SD大鼠行双侧卵巢切除术，建立骨质疏松动物模型，动物实验分为4组：（1）3月龄正常组（control-3）；（2）3月龄卵巢切除组（OVX-3）；（3）6月龄正常组（control-6）；（4）6月龄卵巢切除组（0VX-6）。采用密度梯度离心方法分别获取各组MSCs，体外培养，选用第3～4代MSCs用于实验。倒置相差显微镜观察CFU—Fs；流式细胞技术检测细胞周期、细胞增殖指数（proliferation index，PI）和细胞凋亡指数（apoptotic index，AD）。加入成骨诱导剂，采用碱性磷酸酶活性蛋白检测法（IFCC推荐法）检测MSCs碱性磷酸酶（alkalinephos phatase，ALP）分泌量；采用同位素标记方法检测骨钙索（Osteocalcin，OCN）分泌量；茜素红染色观察钙结节形成。加入成脂诱导剂，油红O染色观察MSCs内脂滴形成；RT-PCR方法检测MSCs脂蛋白脂酶（1ipoprotein lipase，LPL）mRNA的表达。结果表明：与相应对照组比较，OVX-3组和OVX-6组CFU—Fs、PI值明显降低（P〈0．05），AI值明显增加（P〈0．05）；OVX-6组CFU，Fs、PI值的降低和AI值的增加都明显大于OVX-3组（P〈0．05）。成骨诱导表明：与相应对照组比较，OVX-3组和OVX-6组ALP、BGP分泌量以及钙结节形成的数量均明显降低（P〈0．05），OVX-6组的降低最为明显。成脂诱导表明：与相应对照组比较，OVX-3组和OVX-6组，LPLmRNA的表达量明显增加（P〈0．05），OVX-6组LPL mRNA的表达量的增加明显高于其他各组（P〈0．05）。结论：去卵巢骨质疏松大鼠MSCs增殖能力明显下降，向成骨细胞分化能力下降，向脂肪细胞分化能力增强，其中60VX组MSCs的变化最明显。提示：去卵巢骨质疏松大鼠MSCs向成骨细胞分化能力的降低和向脂肪细胞分化能力的增强，可能与绝经后骨质疏松症的发生相关。     

过表达长链非编码RNA Gm16104影响C3H10T1/2间充质干细胞的成骨分化

背景：间充质干细胞的成骨分化过程受多种分子调控,长链非编码RNA因可参与调控多种生物学过程而备受关注,但其对间充质干细胞成骨分化的调控作用尚未得到充分探索。目的：探讨长链非编码RNA Gm16104对C3H10T1/2间充质干细胞成骨分化的影响。方法：采用骨形态发生蛋白2诱导C3H10T1/2间充质干细胞成骨分化,成骨诱导5 d进行碱性磷酸酶染色检测细胞成骨分化情况,成骨分化第0,1,3,5天,采用qRT-PCR检测Alpl和Gm16104的表达水平。转染Gm16104过表达质粒然后诱导成骨分化,成骨诱导4 d进行碱性磷酸酶染色和qRT-PCR检测细胞的成骨分化状况,Western blot检测成骨相关信号通路蛋白的表达水平。结果与结论：(1)成骨诱导5 d后,碱性磷酸酶活性显著提高;(2)与第0天比较,成骨诱导第1,3,5天,成骨标志基因Alpl表达升高,而Gm16104的表达水平下调;(3)pcDNA-Gm16104质粒转染C3H10T1/2细胞后Gm16104表达水平显著增加;(4)过表达Gm16104可抑制细胞的碱性磷酸酶活性以及成骨标志基因Alpl和成骨相关转录因子Oster...     

新型壳聚糖基仿生网络复合膜诱导骨髓间充质干细胞定向成骨分化

目的 探讨新型壳聚糖基网络复合膜诱导骨髓间充质干细胞（MSCs）定向成骨分化的可行性.方法 采用仿生学方法,壳聚糖、明胶、果胶按照一定比例制作成新型壳聚糖基仿生网络复合膜.设计4个组：实验组1（复合膜＋常规培养基）,对照组1（常规培养基）,实验组2（复合膜＋成骨诱导（OS）培养基）,对照组2（OS培养基）.通过倒置相差显微镜、四甲基偶氮唑盐（MTT）法、扫描电镜（SEM）检测细胞在复合膜上的生长和增殖情况;通过测定碱性磷酸酶（ALP）活性来评价MSCs在复合膜上的成骨分化能力;通过特殊染色和能谱分析（EDX）来评定钙盐的沉积.结果 MSCs在网络复合膜上贴附、生长良好且增殖旺盛.MTr法检测细胞活力显示实验组吸光度（OD）值与对照组比较无统计学意义（P＞0.05）.SEM观察到细胞在支架材料表面呈聚集生长,分泌大量的细胞外基质,可见散在的结节形成.实验组1的ALP活性明显增高,与实验组2、对照组比较有统计学意义（P＜0.01）.茜素红和Von Kossa染色可见实验组细胞分化后形成的钙化结节;ALP染色可见胞浆内蓝染颗粒;EDX检测到Ca、P沉积.结论 新型壳聚糖基网络复合材料具有良好的生物相容性,在不添加诱导剂的条件下,可以诱导MSCs定向成骨分化.     

表观遗传和代谢调控间充质干细胞成骨分化的研究进展

间充质干细胞是目前硬组织再生与修复中最为重要的种子细胞,在临床应用中前景广阔,因此其命运调控以及定向分化机制一直是领域内的重点研究方向。但由于间充质干细胞的异质性以及对其定向分化调控机制尚未完全清楚等诸多原因,制约了间充质干细胞在临床治疗中的应用。近些年来越来越多的研究证明,在间充质干细胞成骨分化过程中表观遗传修饰发挥了重要调控作用;表观遗传调控异常与骨质疏松症的发生有关,且干预表观遗传修饰的小分子化合物具有改善骨质疏松的潜能。另一方面,营养物质代谢,尤其是葡萄糖代谢 (糖代谢) 不仅为细胞生理活动提供必需的能量物质, 其代谢中间产物也是干细胞增殖、分化的调控因子;表观遗传修饰与糖代谢紧密关联,对间充质干细胞的生物学特性、命运决定起到至关重要的作用。在本文中,我们简要叙述了糖代谢和表观遗传修饰调控间充质干细胞成骨分化的研究进展和表观遗传在骨质疏松症中的临床应用前景。     

Modulations of 17-beta estradiol on osteogenic and adipogenic differentiations of human mesenchymal stem cells

Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are a promising cell source for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine applications. However, effective regulation to improve differentiation potentials of MSCs plays a critical role in promoting successful tissue formation. Because estrogen has been demonstrated to modulate tissue and organ development and differentiation, we hypothesized that adding estrogen could effectively improve the multiple differentiation potentials of human bone marrow MSCs in vitro. In the present study, 17-beta estradiol (E2) was investigated for in vitro osteogenic and adipogenic differentiations of MSCs isolated from a healthy male human donor. After MSCs were exposed to osteogenic differentiation medium supplemented with E2 at different concentrations, osteocalcin expression is upregulated and calcium deposition (21.0%) is significantly improved ( p < 0.01; n = 4). Under adipogenic stimulation, E2 increased 35.4% lipid accumulations more than that of the group without the E2 supplement ( p < 0.01; n = 4). Estrogen's effect on osteogenesis occurs via estrogen receptors (ER)-alpha and -beta, whereas the effect on adipogenesis is through ER-alpha. Estrogen's regulation of differentiations of MSCs is dose dependent. The present study indicated that estrogen could potentially improve the role of MSCs in tissue engineering and regeneration by serving as a modulator of differentiation.     

中药诱导骨髓间充质干细胞的成骨分化

背景：某些中药可以诱导骨髓间充质干细胞的成骨分化。骨髓间质干细胞向成骨分化的潜能,与中药治疗骨质疏松症、骨折、骨坏死、骨缺损等骨相关疾病有着理论上的相通性。 目的：了解中药诱导骨髓间充质干细胞成骨分化的发展现状,为进一步的研究奠定基础。 方法：由第一作者检索2000-01/2010-06中国期刊全文数据库(CNKI)(http://www.cnki.net/)及Pubmed数据库(http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/PubMed)。中文检索词为“中药,骨髓间充质干细胞,成骨分化”。英文检索词为“chinese herb, mesenchymal stem cells, osteogenic differentiation”。文献检索语种限定为中文和英文,纳入中药单体、单味中药、中药复方等及其含药血清在体内或体外对人或动物骨髓间充质干细胞成骨分化作用的研究文献,排除重复研究。 结果与结论：共纳入32篇文献,有关骨髓间充质干细胞研究背景的文献2篇;有关单味中药的文献5篇,其中补肾药4篇,补气药1篇;有关中药复方的文献10篇,其中补肾方6篇,补肾活血方4篇;有关中药有效组分的文献15篇。补肾、补气及活血类中药可以诱导骨髓间充质干细胞向成骨细胞分化,但以补肾类中药为主,在一定程度上阐释了“肾主骨”理论的科学内涵,并为体外大量扩增骨髓间充质干细胞、促成骨分化及组织工程骨提供了更多的种子细胞来源。     

Collagen three-dimensional hydrogel matrix carrying basic fibroblast growth factor for the cultivation of mesenchymal stem cells and osteogenic differentiation

Three-dimensional (3D) collagen hydrogels have been extensively used for cell culture experiments and are more closely representative of in vivo conditions than monolayer (2D) culture. Here we cultured rat bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in collagen hydrogels containing varying concentrations of basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) to examine the effect of bFGF on MSC proliferation and osteogenic differentiation in 3D culture. The optimal bFGF concentration that promoted the greatest degree of cell proliferation and expression of the early osteogenic induction marker alkaline phosphatase was also determined. Subsequent quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction analysis of gene expression demonstrated that bFGF promoted significant upregulation of the bone-related genes: collagen type I, osteopontin (OPN), bone sialoprotein (BSP), and osteocalcin (OCN) for periods of up to 21 days. Immunofluorescence staining and fluorescence-activated cell sorting analysis further supported the enhanced osteogenic differentiation of cells as a greater proportion of cells were found to express OPN. Matrix mineralization within the collagen hydrogels was enhanced in the presence of bFGF, as assessed by calcium detection using von Kossa staining. These results clearly demonstrate a positive effect of bFGF on proliferation and osteogenic induction of MSCs in 3D collagen hydrogels when applied at the appropriate concentration. Moreover, collagen hydrogel constructs containing MSCs and appropriate growth factor stimulus might be a potentially useful biological tool for 3D bone tissue engineering.     

Modulation of mesenchymal stem cells behaviors by chitosan/gelatin/pectin network films

In this article, the chitosan/gelatin/pectin (CGP) network films were prepared to build appropriate physicochemical and mechanical microenvironment for attachment, proliferation, and differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). Results suggested that the hydrophilicity and mechanical character of CGP composites films could be modulated via adjusting the pectin content in the composites. The investigations of attachment and proliferation behaviors of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) on the CGP films were carried out. The morphology of cells was observed with hematoxylin/eosin staining (HE) and scanning electron microscope (SEM). The osteogenic differentiation of MSCs was investigated via ALP and polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Results suggested that the CGP films have excellent biocompatibility. MSCs seeded on CGP (0.1) film show higher proliferation capacity compared with other samples. Moreover, osteogenic differentiation of MSCs also depends on the properties of the substrate. The MSCs seeded on CGP (0.5) expressed the highest ALP activity, osteogenic gene expression and mineral formation capacity. These results suggest that the composition of the CGP network films could effectively modulate their physicochemical and mechanical properties and further regulate the cell behaviors of MSCs.     

Matrix-mediated retention of in vitro osteogenic differentiation potential and in vivo bone-forming capacity by human adult bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells during ex vivo expansion

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) represent an attractive cell source for tissue engineering applications, since they are readily isolated from adult bone marrow and have the ability to differentiate along multiple mesenchymal lineages, including osteogenic. Currently, utilization of MSCs for bone tissue engineering is limited because of the attenuation of their osteogenic differentiation potential and in vivo bone-forming capacity following ex vivo expansion on conventional tissue culture plastic (TCP). Previously, we demonstrated that a denatured type I collagen (DC) matrix promotes the maintenance of MSC in vitro osteogenic differentiation potential during ex vivo expansion in contrast to TCP. In this study, we further demonstrate that the maintenance of MSC osteogenic differentiation potential is primarily due to the ability of DC matrix to influence the retention of early passage osteogenic functions in late passage (LP) cells during ex vivo expansion, in contrast to solely enhancing attenuated LP cellular functions during osteogenic differentiation. Serum-associated factors played a significant role in influencing the retention of MSC osteogenic differentiation potential during expansion on the DC matrix. Significantly, the results show that although LP cells expanded ex vivo on TCP highly attentuate their in vivo bone-forming capacity, the expansion of MSCs on DC matrix preserves this ability as determined by histological, histomorphometric, and bone mineral density evaluations of MSC-seeded hydroxyapatite/tricalcium phosphate scaffolds following an 8-week implantation period within a heterotopic muscle pouch model. These findings provide further insight into the importance of matrix-mediated effects on MSC function and selective factors important in this process.     

FGFR2 Mutation Confers a Less Drastic Gain of Function in Mesenchymal Stem Cells Than in Fibroblasts

Gain-of-function mutations in FGFR2 cause Apert syndrome (AS), a disease characterized by craniosynostosis and limb bone defects both due to abnormalities in bone differentiation and remodeling. Although the periosteum is an important cell source for bone remodeling, its role in craniosynostosis remains poorly characterized. We hypothesized that periosteal mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and fibroblasts from AS patients have abnormal cell phenotypes that contribute to the recurrent fusion of the coronal sutures. MSCs and fibroblasts were obtained from the periostea of 3 AS patients (S252W) and 3 control individuals (WT). We evaluated the proliferation, migration, and osteogenic differentiation of these cells. Interestingly, S252W mutation had opposite effects on different cell types: S252W MSCs proliferated less than WT MSCs, while S252W fibroblasts proliferated more than WT fibroblasts. Under restrictive media conditions, only S252W fibroblasts showed enhanced migration. The presence of S252W mutation increased in vitro and in vivo osteogenic differentiation in both studied cell types, though the difference compared to WT cells was more pronounced in S252W fibroblasts. This osteogenic differentiation was reversed through inhibition of JNK. We demonstrated that S252W fibroblasts can induce osteogenic differentiation in periosteal MSCs but not in MSCs from another tissue. MSCs and fibroblasts responded differently to the pathogenic effects of the FGFR2(S252W) mutation. We propose that cells from the periosteum have a more important role in the premature fusion of cranial sutures than previously thought and that molecules in JNK pathway are strong candidates for the treatment of AS patients.     

Flow perfusion culture induces the osteoblastic differentiation of marrow stroma cell-scaffold constructs in the absence of dexamethasone

Flow perfusion culture of scaffold/cell constructs has been shown to enhance the osteoblastic differentiation of rat bone marrow stroma cells (MSCs) over static culture in the presence of osteogenic supplements including dexamethasone. Although dexamethasone is known to be a powerful induction agent of osteoblast differentiation in MSC, we hypothesied that the mechanical shear force caused by fluid flow in a flow perfusion bioreactor would be sufficient to induce osteoblast differentiation in the absence of dexamethasone. In this study, we examined the ability of MSCs seeded on titanium fiber mesh scaffolds to differentiate into osteoblasts in a flow perfusion bioreactor in both the presence and absence of dexamethasone. Scaffold/cell constructs were cultured for 8 or 16 days and osteoblastic differentiation was determined by analyzing the constructs for cellularity, alkaline phosphatase activity, and calcium content as well as media samples for osteopontin. For scaffold/cell constructs cultured under flow perfusion, there was greater scaffold cellularity, alkaline phosphatase activity, osteopontin secretion, and calcium deposition compared with static controls, even in the absence of dexamethasone. When dexamethasone was present in the cell culture medium under flow perfusion conditions, there was further enhancement of osteogenic differentiation as evidenced by lower scaffold cellularity, greater osteopontin secretion, and greater calcium deposition. These results suggest that flow perfusion culture alone induces osteogenic differentiation of rat MSCs and that there is a synergistic effect of enhanced osteogenic differentiation when both dexamethasone and flow perfusion culture are used.     

长链非编码RNAs调控骨稳态研究进展

骨形成和骨吸收是骨稳态维持的两个重要过程,骨稳态失衡可导致多种骨代谢疾病的发生。长链非编码RNAs(lncRNAs)是一类几乎不具有编码功能的RNAs,在调节基因表达、生命发育及疾病发生发展中起重要调控作用。在骨代谢疾病中多种lncRNAs表达异常,lncRNAs通过调节成软骨分化、成骨分化和骨基质矿化过程,调控骨的形成。并通过影响破骨细胞的分化和成熟,参与骨吸收过程的调节。