颈动脉粥样硬化、C反应蛋白与急性脑梗死的关系

目的探讨颈动脉硬化和C反应蛋白与急性脑梗死的关系。方法采用彩色多普勒超声检测86例急性脑梗死患者的颈动脉内膜,免疫比浊法测定其血清C反应蛋白水平,并与40例同期住院的非脑血管疾病患者作对照。结果脑梗死组颈动脉内膜斑块明显多于对照组(P<0.01),且以软斑和混合斑为主,而对照组以硬斑为主;脑梗死组C反应蛋白水平为9.85±2.28 mg/L,显著高于对照组的5.28±1.23 mg/L(P<0.01);软斑、混合斑、硬斑、正常颈动脉、内膜毛糙组C反应蛋白水平分别为9.80±2.43 mg/L、10.72±2.55 mg/L、7.46±2.54 mg/L、6.15±1.71 mg/L及6.38±1.96 mg/L。前两组与后三组比较均有显著性差异(P<0.01),后三组之间比较没有显著性差异。结论急性脑梗死患者颈动脉斑块明显增多,C反应蛋白水平明显升高,C反应蛋白水平可以反应颈动脉斑块的性质和稳定性。     

代谢综合征病人C反应蛋白、纤维蛋白原水平及颈动脉内膜中层厚度的研究

目的研究代谢综合征(MS)病人血清高敏C反应蛋白(CRP)、血浆纤维蛋白原(FIB)水平及颈动脉内膜中层厚度(CIMT).方法采用免疫比浊法检测50例MS病人血清C反应蛋白、凝血酶法检测血浆纤维蛋白原水平,超声检测颈动脉内膜中层厚度(CIMT),同期检测38例年龄、性别相匹配的健康对照者.结果 MS组病人血清CRP、血浆FIB水平(3.74 mg/L±0.85 mg/L,3.91 g/L±0.23 g/L)显著高于对照组(1.12 mg/L±0.36 mg/L,2.65 g/L±0.72 g/L,P＜0.05),CIMT(1.11 mm±0.26 mm)较对照组(0.81 mm±0.15 mm)显著增厚(P＜0.01).结论 MS病人血清CRP、血浆FIB水平及CIMT较正常者增高.     

血栓前体蛋白与老年脑梗死患者颈动脉粥样硬化的相关性研究

目的探讨血栓前体蛋白与老年脑梗死患者颈动脉粥样硬化之间的关系。方法采用酶联免疫吸附法测定44例老年动脉粥样硬化性脑梗死患者(脑梗死组)和30例老年健康对照者(对照组)血浆血栓前体蛋白水平,并对脑梗死患者进行颈动脉超声检查,检测颈动脉内膜中层厚度,并分析血栓前体蛋白水平与颈动脉内膜中层厚度的关系。结果与对照组比较,脑梗死组患者血栓前体蛋白[(9.27±2.29)mg/Lvs(2.20±0.30)mg/L,P=0.000]、纤维蛋白原[(3.79±1.06)g/L vs(3.30±0.69)g/L,P=0.012]和D-二聚体[(1154.05±1038.54)μg/L vs(696.33±443.18)μg/L,P=0.035]明显升高。脑梗死组颈动脉内膜中层厚度≥1.0mm患者血栓前体蛋白水平明显高于内膜中层厚度<1.0mm患者[(10.12±2.46)mg/L vs(7.79±0.30)mg/L,P<0.01];脑梗死组患者血栓前体蛋白与颈动脉内膜中层厚度呈正相关(r=0.518,P<0.05)。结论老年脑梗死患者的血浆血栓前体蛋白水平显著升高,且与颈动脉粥样硬化密切相关。     

冠心病患者颈动脉硬化与高敏C反应蛋白水平的关系研究

目的探讨冠心病合并颈动脉粥样硬化与C反应蛋白(hs-CRP)水平增高及其危险因素的关系。方法对入选94例冠心病患者进行颈动脉超声测量观察颈动脉内膜厚度,粥样斑块的数量及部位。定量检测C反应蛋白水平。结果合并颈动脉粥硬化的冠心病患者血清C反应蛋白水平明显高于无颈动脉硬化患者(9.94±8.95mg)VS(4.12±2.85mg),P<0.05。颈动脉内有多个斑块的患者血清C反应蛋白明显高于颈动脉内膜中膜增厚的患者(12.68±8.34)VS(9.94±8.95)mg,P<0.05。结论血清C反应蛋白水平的高低与冠心病颈动脉粥样硬化程度,内膜厚度,斑块数量有一定相关性。合并颈动脉内膜增厚及斑块的患者血清C反应蛋白明显高于无颈动脉硬化患者。     

慢性肾脏病患者血清瘦素水平与颈动脉内膜-中层厚度的关系

目的 探讨慢性肾脏病患者血清瘦素水平与颈动脉内膜-中层厚度的关系.方法 选择79例慢性肾脏病非透析患者和15例健康对照者,采用放射免疫法测定血清瘦素水平,用高分辨二维颈动脉超声技术测定颈动脉内膜一中层厚度及粥样硬化斑块.结果 慢性肾脏病患者血清瘦素水平、平均颈动脉内膜-中层厚度和动脉粥样斑块检出率明显高于健康对照组(P<0.01).慢性肾脏病伴颈动硬化组(颈动脉内膜-中层厚度≥1.0mm,和/或颈动脉斑块)较无颈动脉硬化组血清瘦素(17.06±1.061ng/L比14.27±0.70ng/L)和C.反应蛋白(3.32±0.19mg/L比2.55±0.17mg/L)水平明显升高(P<0.01);慢性肾脏病患者血清瘦素与尿素氮、肌酐、C-反应蛋白、体质指数呈显著正相关(r=0.293,P<0.01;r=0.324,P<0.01;r=0.539,P<0.01;r=0.312,P<0.05);与肾小球滤过率、血红蛋白、白蛋白呈显著负相关(r=-0.389,P<0.01;r=-0.454,P<0.01;r=-0.246,P<0.05).瘦素(β=1.527,P<0.05)是慢性肾脏病患者并发动脉粥样硬化的独立危险因素.结论 慢性肾脏病患者存在高瘦素血症,高瘦素血症与颈动脉内膜-中层厚度的关系,其可能参与了慢性肾脏病患者动脉粥样硬化的发生和发展.     

急性脑梗死病人颈动脉软斑块与血浆中高敏C反应蛋白、基质金属蛋白酶9有关

目的探讨颈动脉斑块性质及高敏 C 反应蛋白(hsCRF)、基质金属蛋白酶9(MMP-9)与急性脑梗死的关系。方法应用彩色多普勒超声仪检测急性梗死病人(n=31)及年龄相近的无症状颈动脉斑块病人(n=42)颈动脉内膜中膜厚度(IMT)、斑块类型,同时测定血清的 hsCRP、MMP-9水平。结果急性脑梗死组及无症状颈动脉斑块组颈动脉 IMT 均明显增厚,两组颈动脉狭窄率差异无统计学意义;急性脑梗死组斑块以软斑为主,无症状颈动脉斑块组以硬斑为主。急性脑梗死组各亚组 hsCRP 水平均高于无症状颈动脉斑块组相应的亚组[急性脑梗死组狭窄率≥50%亚组:(12.0±4.6)mg/L 比无症状颈动脉斑块组狭窄率≥50%亚组(9.3±4.4)mg/L,P<0.05;急性脑梗死组狭窄率<50%亚组(7.8±4.6)mg/L 比无症状颈动脉斑块组狭窄率<50%亚组(4.2±2.4)mg/L,P<0.05];颈动脉狭窄程度越高,血清 hsCRP 水平越高;无症状颈动脉斑块组狭窄率≥50%亚组:(9.3±4.4)mg/L比无症状颈动脉斑块组狭窄率<50%亚组:(4.2±2.4)mg/L,P<0.05];急性脑梗死组 MMP-9水平均...     

高敏C-反应蛋白及颈动脉粥样硬化与急性脑梗死的关系

目的 探讨和分析血清高敏C-反应蛋白(hs-CRP)及颈动脉粥样硬化与急性脑梗死的关系.方法 选取59例急性脑梗死患者为脑梗死组,同期选择健康体检者30例为对照组,测定血清hs-CRP含量,应用颈动脉彩色多普勒超声检查颈动脉粥样硬化斑块及颈动脉内膜-中膜厚度(IMT).同时对急性脑梗死患者血清hs-CRP水平与病情进行相关分析.结果 血清hs-CRP脑梗死组为(5.96±1.52)mg/L高于对照组的(1.78±1.02)mg/L(t=15.383,P＜0.01);颈动脉斑块检出率急性脑梗死组为77.97%,高于对照组的36.67%(x2=12.92,P＜0.01);颈动脉IMT脑梗死组(1.18±0.17)mm高于对照组的(1.02±0.15)mm(t=4.544,P＜0.05);神经功能缺损程度重型组血清hs-CRP水平[(15.68±1.45)mg/L]明显高于轻型组[(1.88±0.34)mg/L]和中型组[(4.16±1.39)mg/L](t值为37.217和25.243,P＜0.01).结论 血清hs-CRP水平升高对急性动脉粥样硬化性脑梗死病变有临床意义,早期测定hs-CRP水平有助于评估急性脑梗死患者的病情及预后.     

高敏C反应蛋白与脑梗死危险因素的相关性研究

目的探讨急性脑梗死患者血清高敏C反应蛋白(hs-CRP)浓度与脑梗死危险因素的关系。方法测定116例脑梗死患者(脑梗死组)和34例有脑梗死危险因素而未发生脑梗死的患者(对照A组)及32例健康人(对照B组)的颈动脉超声及血清hs-CRP浓度、血压、血糖、血脂、一氧化氮、内皮素等各种生化指标,详细记录个人史、体重指数等一般情况,并分析hs-CRP浓度与脑梗死危险因素的关系。结果hs-CRP与年龄、糖尿病史、纤维蛋白原、内皮素、白细胞计数、颈动脉内膜中层厚度呈正相关,与一氧化氮显著负相关,(P<0.05);脑梗死、纤维蛋白原、白细胞计数、内皮素、颈动脉内膜中层厚度、血糖、血液黏稠度是hs-CRP的主要影响因素。结论hs-CRP与脑梗死危险因素密切相关,可能通过影响其危险因素而参与了脑梗死的发生发展。因此,在脑梗死的防治中,干预hs-CRP的水平可能有重要意义。     

冠状动脉病变与颈动脉斑块及C反应蛋白水平的关系

目的:探讨冠心病患者冠状动脉病变与颈动脉内膜中层厚度(IMT)和斑块积分以及血浆C反应蛋白(CRP)水平的关系。方法:选择冠心病患者(83例,冠心病组)与非冠心病患者(37例,非冠心病组),对冠心病患者进行冠脉造影,根据冠脉病变血管数冠心病患者又被分为:单支病变组(28例)、双支病变组(31例)及三支病变组(24例)。检测各组患者C反应蛋白(CRP)水平,颈动脉内膜中层厚度(IMT),并对颈动脉粥样硬化斑块进行分级。结果:与非冠心病组比较,冠心病组患者CRP水平[(0.89±0.54)mg/L比(3.50±3.42)mg/L]、IMT[(0.65±0.27)mm比(1.04±0.31)mm]明显增加(P0.05或0.01);与单支病变组和双支病变组比较,三支病变组的CRP水平[(1.44±1.03)mg/L,(3.71±3.52)mg/L比(5.82±3.98)mg/L]显著升高,颈动脉斑块3级比例(0%、0%比25%)显著升高(P均0.01)。结论:冠心病患者C反应蛋白水平及颈动脉内膜中层厚度明显增加,且多支病变者C反应蛋白水平及颈动脉粥样硬化斑块3级比例明显增加。     

急性脑梗死患者C反应蛋白变对与颈动脉粥样硬化的影响研究

目的探讨急性脑梗死患者血C反应蛋白（CRP）与颈动脉粥样硬化的关系。方法对50例急性脑梗死患者和46例正常对照组进行观察。采用速率散射比浊法测定血CRP含量;检测颈动脉内膜-中膜厚度（IMT）,观察颈动脉粥样斑块。结果急性脑梗死患者血CRP含量、颈动脉IMT和粥样斑块数较对照组明显增加;血CRP水平与临床神经功能缺损评分、吸烟指数、颈动脉IMT及斑块数呈正相关。结论 CRP作为炎性指标可能在动脉粥样硬化的发生和发展中起了重要的作用;血CRP水平可作为急性脑梗死患者病情轻重和预后的评价指标。     

Pathogenesis of carcinoma of the papilla of Vater

Most adenomas and carcinomas of the small intestine and extrahepatic bile ducts arise in the region of the papilla of Vater. In familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) it is the main location for carcinomas after proctocolectomy. In many cases symptoms due to stenosis lead to diagnosis at an early tumor stage. In about 80%, curative intended resection is possible. Operability is the most relevant prognostic factor. Most ampullary carcinomas resp. carcinomas of the papilla of Vater develop from adenomatous or flat dysplastic precursor lesions. They can be sited in the ampulloduodenal part of the papilla of Vater, which is lined by intestinal mucosa. They also can develop in deeper parts of the ampulla, which are lined by pancreaticobiliary duct mucosa. Intestinal-type adenocarcinoma and pancreaticobiliary-type adenocarcinoma represent the main histological types of ampullary carcinoma. Furthermore, there exist unusual types and undifferentiated carcinomas. Many carcinomas of intestinal type express the immunohistochemical marker profile of intestinal mucosa (keratin 7?, keratin 20+, MUC2+). Carcinomas of pancreaticobiliary type usually show the immunohistochemical profile of pancreaticobiliary duct mucosa (keratin 7+, keratin 20?, MUC2?). Even poorly differentiated carcinomas, as well as unusual histological types, may conserve the marker profile of the mucosa they developed from. These findings underline the concept of histogenetically different carcinomas of the papilla of Vater which develop either from intestinal- or from pancreaticobiliary-type mucosa of the papilla of Vater. Molecular alterations in ampullary carcinomas are similar to those of colorectal as well as pancreatic carcinomas, although they appear at different frequencies. In future studies, molecular alterations in ampullary carcinomas should be correlated closely with the different histologic tumor types. Consequently, the histologic classification should reflect the histogenesis of ampullary tumors from the two different types of papillary mucosa.     

Demonstration of the mechanism of action of biguanides

Summary Palmitic acid oxidation in rat diaphragm homogenate is depressed by biguanide concentrations that are still incapable of inhibiting oxidative phosphorylation. Glucose oxidation is not directly effected by the same biguanide concentrations: however, the inhibitory effect of palmitic acid on glucose oxidation is partly removed by biguanides. Inhibition of fatty acid oxidation, which accounts for most of the metabolic effects caused by these drugs, can be regarded as the fundamental mechanism of action of biguanides. There is some evidence suggesting that these drugs might interact with carnitine, thus preventing long-chain fatty acids from being transported across the mitochondrial membrane to the site of oxidation. Traduzione a cura degli AA.     

胰岛素瘤的解剖分布特点分析

目的胰岛素瘤是最常见的胰腺神经内分泌肿瘤，因其临床表现多样，导致诊断困难。影像学诊断尤其是超声内镜(EUS)在胰岛素瘤的诊断中起着重要作用，拥有较高的敏感性和特异性。本研究拟通过明确胰岛素瘤的解剖分布特点，以期有助于提高影像学的诊断准确率和降低漏诊率，尤其是在教育和培训实践中对于EUS的学习者更具有指导价值。 方法回顾性分析解放军总医院第一医学中心病案资料数据库1993年1月至2019年11月经外科手术、病理确诊为胰岛素瘤的患者的临床资料，检索方法采取搜索术后病理诊断为"胰岛素瘤"的病例，通过查阅病例的方法，提取出胰岛素瘤的大小和解剖分布等数据，进一步分析其特点。 结果共检索到确诊为胰岛素瘤的患者116例，其中，男45例、女71例，年龄13～76岁，平均年龄(44.4±14.85)岁。胰岛素瘤单发110例(94.8%)、多发6例(5.2%)。位置分布：头颈部46例(39.7%)，单发45例、多发1例；体尾部68例(58.6%)，单发65例、多发3例；全胰腺多发2例(1.7%)。病变大小特点：最大径0.4～3.4 cm，平均大小(1.53±0.58)cm。≤1 cm 29例、>1 cm而≤1.5 cm41例、>1.5 cm而≤2.0 cm28例，≤3 cm 15例，>3 cm 3例。年龄与肿瘤的大小相关，≤44岁患者肿瘤平均大小为(1.36±0.51)cm、>44岁患者肿瘤平均大小为(1.70±0.60)cm，P<0.05。头颈部的肿瘤大于体尾部的肿瘤，头颈部肿瘤平均大小(1.66±0.63)cm，体尾部(1.42±0.52)cm，P<0.05。 结论胰岛素瘤在胰腺体尾部较头颈部更好发；绝大多数单发，但可以全胰腺多发；多数小于1.5 cm，肿瘤的大小与患者年龄和肿瘤的解剖分布相关。     

氯硝柳胺悬浮剂的毒性评价

目的评价氯硝柳胺悬浮剂的毒性，为现场大规模应用灭螺提供依据。方法按照中华人民共和国国家标准GB 15670-1995《农药登记毒理学试验方法》和鱼类毒性试验方法进行。结果经口、经皮肤的LDso雌、雄性大鼠均>5 000 mg/kg，经呼吸道的LCso雌、雄性大鼠均>5 000mg/m3，该药经口、经皮肤、经呼吸道毒性均属微毒类药物；兔眼用药后，观察期内无不良反应，对眼无刺激性；皮肤用药后对皮肤无刺激性。与氯硝柳胺原药、氯硝柳胺乙醇胺盐原药和氯硝柳胺乙醇胺盐可湿性粉剂相比，氯硝柳胺悬浮剂对鱼急性毒性最低。结论氯硝柳胺悬浮剂属微毒类药物，对鱼的毒性低于其乙醇胺盐可湿性粉剂，适合于现场应用。     

Lack of correlation of degree of villous atrophy with severity of clinical presentation of coeliac disease

BACKGROUND AND AIM: Both the clinical presentation and the degree of mucosal damage in coeliac disease vary greatly. In view of conflicting information as to whether the mode of presentation correlates with the degree of villous atrophy, we reviewed a large cohort of patients with coeliac disease. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We correlated mode of presentation (classical, diarrhoea predominant or atypical/silent) with histology of duodenal biopsies and examined their trends over time. RESULTS: The cohort consisted of 499 adults, mean age 44.1 years, 68% females. The majority had silent coeliac disease (56%) and total villous atrophy (65%). There was no correlation of mode of presentation with the degree of villous atrophy (p=0.25). Sixty-eight percent of females and 58% of males had a severe villous atrophy (p=0.052). There was a significant trend over time for a greater proportion of patients presenting as atypical/silent coeliac disease and having partial villous atrophy, though the majority still had total villous atrophy. CONCLUSIONS: Among our patients the degree of villous atrophy in duodenal biopsies did not correlate with the mode of presentation, indicating that factors other than the degree of villous atrophy must account for diarrhoea in coeliac disease.     

血吸虫童虫生长发育及其机制的研究进展

血吸虫童虫是宿主免疫系统攻击的重要靶标,包括皮肤型、肺型和肝门型童虫。宿主分子对童虫生长发育具有重要作用。童虫生长发育机制包括免疫调节、信号转导、性别发育及凋亡等。肌动蛋白、组织蛋白酶、烯醇化酶和葡萄糖基转移酶等分子为血吸虫童虫生长发育的重要分子。本文对血吸虫童虫生长发育及其机制的研究进展做一综述。     

CagA-Hp抗体IgG与胃炎的组织学分析

研究幽门螺杆菌(Hp)感染与胃炎的关系。方法对204例慢性胃炎患者胃粘膜进行观察分析,并测定其中137例Hp阳性患者血清CagA-Hp抗体IgG水平,与组织学对照。结果慢性萎缩性胃炎伴肠上皮化生患者血清CagA抗体IgG明显高于对照组(P＜0.01);其他类型胃炎患者血清CagA抗体IgG水平无明显增高(P＞0.05)。结论CagA-Hp可能是导致慢性萎缩性胃炎伴肠上皮化生的因素之一,对这类患者应密切随访观察。     

慢阻肺急性加重期患者预后的影响因素分析

目的探讨慢性阻塞性肺病急性加重期(AECOPD)患者预后的相关危险因素。方法回顾性调查、收集58例AECOPD患者可能影响其预后的相关因素,并对其分别进行单因素分析。并进行Logistic多元逐步回归进行多因素分析,筛选影响AECOPD患者预后的独立危险因素。结果单因素分析后将结果 P0.1的因素纳入多因素Logistic回归,分析发现是否合并呼吸衰竭、气促程度、白细胞计数、APACHEⅡ、应用抗氧化剂、慢阻肺治疗依从性为影响AECOPD患者预后不佳的独立因素(P0.05)。结论根据AECOPD患者预后的独立危险因素,及早判断,选择合适的后续治疗方案,对提高其生存率及生存质量具有重要意义。     

124例耐多药结核分枝杆菌基因突变特征分析

目的对临床分离的耐多药结核分枝杆菌相关基因的突变特征进行分析。方法对124例耐多药结核分枝杆菌以及50株敏感株的耐药相关基因(包括异烟肼inh A、kat G、oxyR-ahp C间隔区以及利福平rpo B)进行序列测定,分析其基因突变情况。结果异烟肼耐药inh A基因突变率为14.5%;kat G基因突变率为70.2%(87/124),主要位于315位;oxyR-ahp C间隔区突变率为15.3%;inh A、kat G两种基因同时突变率75.0%,三种基因同时突变率为89.5%。利福平rpo B基因突变的检出率高达95.2%,突变主要发生在531、526、516位点。结论我省耐多药菌异烟肼耐药相关基因最常见突变为kat G 315、inh A C-T(-15)、axyR-ahp C间隔区(-10)C-T,利福平为rpo B531、526、516。结合MDR-TB耐药相关基因的特征分析,可以建立一种快速、准确、特异的适合于我省的检测结核菌耐多药性的新方法。     

Results of treatment of fistula-in-ano

To evaluate the application of Parks' classification in the management of patients with fistula-in-ano, a study was undertaken to assess the outcome of surgery, especially with respect to the recurrence rate and alteration of continence. A retrospective analysis of 160 consecutive patients who were classified at the time of operation was conducted. The distribution of fistulas was as follows: intersphincteric, 41.9 percent, transsphincteric, 52.1 percent, suprasphincteric, 1.3 percent, extrasphincteric, 0. A horseshoe extension occurred in 8.8 percent of the fistulas and 3.8 percent did not exactly conform to the classification as they were either complex or combinations of more than one type of fistula. The sole immediate postoperative complication was bleeding, which occurred one week postoperatively and ceased spontaneously (0.7 percent). Alteration in continence occurred in 6 percent of patients with 2.6 percent experiencing temporary incontinence to flatus, 1.3 percent to liquid stool, and 0.7 percent to solid stool. Permanent loss of control for flatus occurred in one patient (0.7 percent) and for liquid stool in one patient (0.7 percent). No patients suffered loss of control for solid stool. Recurrence developed in 6.3 percent of patients, all between five and 25 months postoperatively. Classifcation was found to be a useful guide in the operative management of patients with fistula-in-ano. Read at the joint meeting of the American Society of Colon and Rectal Surgeons with the Section of Colo-Proctology, Royal Society of Medicine, and the Section of Colonic and Rectal Surgery, Royal Australasian College of Surgeons, New Orleans, Louisiana, May 6 to 11, 1984.