食管平滑肌肉瘤的外科治疗(附11例临床分析)

目的　探讨食管平滑肌肉瘤的临床生物学特征、诊断方法、手术方式及其预后。方法　总结分析11 例食管平滑肌肉瘤的诊断及手术治疗经验。结果　本组11 例手术切除率为100 % ,5 年生存率为54-5 % (6/11) 。诊断主要依靠食管造影、拉网及纤维食管镜(FOE) 。临床分为息肉型和侵袭型,本组息肉型4 例,侵袭型7 例,5 年生存率分别为3 例/4 例和3 例/7 例。远期肿瘤死于局部复发2 例,血行转移2 例。结论　食管平滑肌肉瘤的预后优于食管癌,息肉型预后优于浸润型。远期肿瘤死因为局部复发及血行转移。本病手术切除率高,宜采取手术治疗。     

胃平滑肌肉瘤21例诊疗分析

目的分析胃平滑肌肉瘤的诊断与治疗效果。方法回顾性分析我院近7年收治的21例胃平滑肌肉瘤患者。结果21例胃平滑肌肉瘤术前确诊8例,患者均行手术治疗,18例行根治性手术。术后1～8年随访,复发3例,其中死亡2例,复发和死亡皆为行姑息性切除者。结论胃平滑肌肉瘤是一种低恶性肿瘤,临床表现无特异性,术前确诊困难,根治性手术治疗可以防止复发及转移。     

低度恶性子宫内膜间质肉瘤的临床病理特点

目的探讨低度恶性子宫内膜间质肉瘤(LGESS)的临床及病理特点.方法回顾性分析10例LGESS的临床及病理资料,部分病例辅以免疫组织化学染色.结果患者年龄35～61岁,平均为46.5岁.LGESS临床上多表现为不规则阴道出血.大体类型有宫内型、壁间型、弥漫型及混合型.肿瘤切面呈典型的鱼肉状、淡黄色或部份淡黄色、松软.2例有囊性变.镜下肿瘤细胞类似增殖期子宫内膜间质细胞,螺旋小血管多见.肿瘤细胞呈舌状浸润肌层或弥漫浸润.4例伴有不同程度的平滑肌分化,1例伴有性索样分化.8例获随访2～8年,1例绝经后患者术后4年复发,其余无复发.结论 LGESS临床少见,术前诊断困难,预后较好.大体病理检查有其特征性,镜下特点显示多样性,平滑肌分化常见.     

空肠或回肠平滑肉瘤(附三例报告)

 空肠或回肠平滑肌肉瘤很少见。国内资料:空肠平滑肌肉瘤仅三例,回肠平滑肌肉瘤尚未见报道。我院二年来遇见空肠平滑肌肉瘤一例,回肠平滑肌肉瘤二例,其中一例为多发性的。     

手术治疗胃平滑肌肉瘤24例分析

目的　分析胃平滑肌肉瘤的诊断与治疗效果。方法　回顾性分析我院近 10年收治的胃平滑肌肉瘤 2 4例。结果　 2 4例胃平滑肌肉瘤术前确诊 11例 ,患者均行手术探查 ,19例行手术切除 ,术后 1～ 10年随访 ,复发 4例 ,其中死亡 2例。单纯探查病人均于 1年内死亡。结论　胃平滑肌肉瘤是一种低恶性肿瘤 ,临床表现无特异性 ,术前确诊困难 ,根治性手术治疗可以防止复发及转移     

食管平滑肌肉瘤的外科治疗

目的 探讨食管平滑肌肉瘤的临床生物学特征,诊断方法,手术方式及其预后。方法 总结分析了１１例食管平滑肌肉瘤的诊断及手术治疗经验。结果 本组１１例手术切除率为１００％,５年生存率为５４．５％。诊断主要依赖食管造影,拉网及纤维食管镜。临床分为息肉型和侵袭型,本组鼻肉型４例,侵袭型７例,５年生存率分别为３例／４例和３例／７例。     

13例胃平滑肌瘤及平滑肌肉瘤报道

胃平滑肌肿瘤少见,但在整个胃肠道的平滑肌肿瘤中,却多发生在胃。本文对我院13例胃平滑肌瘤及平滑肌肉瘤报道如下。 临床资料 13例(胃平滑肌瘤9例,平滑肌肉瘤4例)中,男7例,女6例。年龄为27～74岁,平均为51.6岁。多见于胃的上部,10例位于贲门、胃底及胃体部。本组治疗前的病程,9例良性者中位时间为3.1年;恶性者为11.5月。以上腹隐痛为最常见症状(12例),     

血管平滑肌瘤和血管平滑肌肉瘤(附30例报告)

皮肤平滑肌瘤分多发性皮肤平滑肌瘤,单发性生殖器平滑肌瘤和单发性血管平滑肌瘤三型。由于血管平滑肌瘤有时亦多发,故一般统称血管平滑肌瘤。这是一种起源于血管壁平滑肌的较少见肿瘤,特别是血管平滑肌瘤恶变为肉瘤者更为罕见。本文报告29例血管平滑肌瘤和1例血管平滑肌肉瘤。     

腹膜后去分化脂肪肉瘤临床病理分析

目的 探讨腹膜后去分化脂肪肉瘤(dedifferentiated liposarcoma,DDL)的临床病理学特点.方法 回顾性分析16例腹膜后去分化脂肪肉瘤的临床表现、影像学资料、光学显微镜形态和免疫学表型,并对患者进行随访.结果 16例中为复发再次手术者10例.所有患者肿瘤均发生于腹膜后.CT能够清楚地显示肿瘤的生长范围及对周围脏器的推挤、浸润,影像学具有一定的提示作用.镜下观察显示去分化脂肪肉瘤含有分化性成分和去分化成分,去分化成分可表现为纤维肉瘤样、恶性纤维组织细胞瘤样、恶性外周神经鞘瘤样、平滑肌肉瘤样、横纹肌肉瘤样、血管肉瘤样、血管外皮瘤样等.肿瘤可以以一种成分为主,也可以几种成分同时存在,免疫表型表达各异.16例患者均通过手术治疗,其中9例为单纯肿物切除,7例同时切除了肿物及周围粘连的脏器.随访至2012年1月(随访3-24月)均无复发及转移.结论 去分化脂肪肉瘤中的去分化成分表现各异,低级别和高级别区域可在同一肿瘤内并存.对于复发病例仍然应该争取再次手术切除,以缓解症状,延长生存期.     

小肠及大肠平滑肌肉瘤 (附48例临床分析)

小肠恶性肿瘤少见,平滑肌肉瘤更为罕见。本院自1959年至1990年,经病理证实共收治48例,现结合具体病例,就本病的诊断及治疗分析如下:临床资料一、年龄、性别及发病率:本组48例年龄分布20～66岁,中位年龄53岁。其中男27例,女21例,男女之比为1.3:1。高发年龄为40～70岁,以40—50岁最为多见(22/48,46%),同期收治小肠恶性肿瘤184例,平滑肌肉瘤占17%。收治直结肠恶性肿瘤4898例,平滑肌肉瘤占0.3%。二、临床表现:以出血,腹痛及腹部包块三大症状为主,分别占75%,63%,63%。小肠平滑肌肉瘤以腹部包块最多见占74%,结直肠平滑肌肉瘤以出血最多见占94%,具体见表1。     

分化型甲状腺癌患者术后复发转移指标临床意义及相关危险影响因素研究

目的 探讨分化型甲状腺癌术后复发转移指标临床意义及相关危险影响因素.方法 经手术治疗的80例分化型甲状腺癌患者,分析术后复发转移可能的危险因素,通过Kaplan-Meier曲线描述复发情况、甲状腺球蛋白的测定、Cox比例风险模型,分析复发的影响因素并进行对比分析.结果 80例患者中74例获随访,随访率达92.5％,随访的74例患者中有16例(21.6％)患者发生复发状况,其中术后2、4、6年的复发率分别为:3.7％、4.6％、7.3％.Log-rank检验和Cox比例风险模型分析显示甲状腺癌患者的身体素质、性别、原病情轻重、年龄、肿瘤的扩散转移情况,临床表现特征和手术方式及手术后的效果是术后复发的相关因素.其方程为:(t)=(t)exp(0.85年龄+0.96肿瘤大小+1.3转移情况+1.15临床表现特征+0.85病理类型+1.35手术方式).结论 甲状腺癌患者的身体素质、性别、原病情轻重、年龄、肿瘤扩散转移情况、临床表现特征、手术方式及手术后的效果是造成术后复发的危险影响因素.     

Short time to recurrence after hepatic resection correlates with poor prognosis in colorectal hepatic metastasis

BACKGROUND: Early recurrence is a major problem after hepatic resection of colorectal hepatic metastasis (CHM). Our aim was to investigate the relationship between time to recurrence after CHM resection and overall survival. METHODS: A retrospective analysis was performed for 101 consecutive patients who underwent hepatic resection for CHM and have been followed more than 5 years. RESULTS: Among 101 patients, 82 (81%) had a recurrence. Overall survival of patients with recurrence within 6 months after CHM resection was significantly worse than that of patients with recurrence after more than 6 months (P < 0.01). Overall survival was poorer when time to recurrence was shorter. One of the reasons for poor prognosis of patients with recurrence within 6 months was that only a few patients could undergo a second resection for recurrence after CHM resection. Histological type, including poorly differentiated signet ring cell or mucinous adenocarcinoma in the primary tumor, bilobar metastases, microscopic positive surgical margin and carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) above 15 ng/ml had predictive value for decreased recurrence-free survival after CHM resection. CONCLUSION: Short time to recurrence after CHM resection correlates with a poor prognosis. Histological type of poorly differentiated signet ring cell or mucinous adenocarcinoma in the primary tumor might be a predictor for early recurrence after CHM resection.     

Histological determinants for different types of local recurrence after breast-conserving therapy of invasive breast cancer. Dutch Study Group on local Recurrence after Breast Conservation (BORST)

The purpose of this study was to determine which histological factors are associated with an increased risk for local recurrence in the breast after breast-conserving therapy for early breast cancer (TNM stage I and II) and whether risk patterns vary according to menopausal status and type of local recurrence. Through complete follow-up of the patients of eight regional radiation oncology departments, two cancer institutes and one surgical clinic in The Netherlands, 360 patients were identified with local recurrence in the breast after having received breast-conserving therapy (local tumour excision, axillary dissection and irradiation of the whole breast and a boost to the tumour bed) during the 1980s. For each case, two controls with a follow-up of similar duration without local recurrence were randomly selected. Histological slides of the primary tumour were reviewed. Among premenopausal patients the risk of recurrence for those younger than 35 years was significantly higher than that for premenopausal patients of 45 years or older (relative risk (RR) 2.9; 95% confidence interval (95% CI) 1.3-6.6, P < 0.05). The risk of recurrence at or near the site of the primary tumour was most significantly increased for patients with high grade extensive intraductal component (EIC) adjacent to the primary tumour (RR 4.1; 95% CI 1.7-9.8, P < 0.01). Microscopic margin involvement was an important risk indicator for diffuse recurrence and recurrence in the skin of the breast, especially in the presence of vascular invasion (RR 25; 95% CI 4.0-150, P < 0.001). To prevent local recurrence at or near the site of the primary tumour, local excision with a 1-2 cm margin of healthy tissue and a 15 Gy boost seemed adequate local treatment for patients with well differentiated EIC. In contrast, a wider surgical margin, a higher boost dose or mastectomy should be considered for patients with poorly differentiated EIC. Microscopic margin involvement in the presence of vascular invasion significantly increases the risk of diffuse recurrence or recurrence in the skin.     

直肠癌保肛手术的安全下切缘

目的探讨直肠癌保肛手术的安全下切缘.方法对1983年1月～1992年12月10年间完成的402例直肠癌保肛手术,按性别、年龄、Duke′s分期、细胞分化程度、病理类型、肿瘤占据肠周的周径、术式和手术下切缘等变量进行分组.回顾性分析了对局部复发,远处转移和1、3、5年生存率的影响.结果局部复发率23.9%.其影响因素有Duke′sB,C期(P＜0.01),肿瘤占据肠周径＞1/2(P＜0.01),细胞中分化(P＜0.01)和低分化(P＜0.05),溃疡型(P＜0.05)和浸润型(P＜0.01)肿瘤及下切缘距离(2～3cm)(P＜0.01).远处转移率为44.8%,影响因素有Duke′sB期(P＜0.01)和C期(P＜0.05),细胞中低分化(P＜0.05),肿瘤占据肠周径＞1/2(P＜0.05)及溃疡型肿瘤(P＜0.01).1、3、5年生存率为84.3%、78.4%和59.7%.下切缘距离仅对1年生存率有影响(P＜0.05),对3、5年生存率无影响(P＞0.05).肿瘤分期、细胞分化、大体类型、肿瘤大小对生存率均有影响.结论对于直肠癌保肛手术,传统的2～3cm的下切缘是不安全的.     

Relation of the serosal invasion mode to a recurrence in advanced gastric carcinomas

Discussed are the attributable factors affecting the type of carcinomatous recurrence seen in 126 patients who had been operated on for their gastric carcinomas from 1979 to 1982 and who later showed a macroscopically positive serosal invasion (S0) and a histologically ss alpha approximately se invasion and required a curative resection. Forty-six percent of the patients with an ss beta approximately se invasion had a peritoneal recurrence, 21% a liver recurrence, and 33% a recurrence of some other type, whereas those with ss alpha had no such recurrence. Peritoneal recurrence tended to increase with the increase in the length of the serosal invasion and its rates were: one third in serosal invasions of less than 3 cm, one third in invasions of 3 approximately 6 cm and another third in invasions of over 6 cm. The smaller ratio of submucosal length to subserosal length, especially when less than 1.0, meant a greater frequency of peritoneal recurrence. The histologic characteristics of carcinomas that developed a peritoneal recurrence were poorly differentiated, contained INF alpha and had weaker cellular cohesion, whereas those that developed a liver metastasis were well differentiated carcinomas, contained INF beta and had a tighter cellular cohesion.     

Fatal differentiated thyroid cancer

Thirty-five patients who died of differentiated thyroid cancer were analyzed for factors affecting survival. The neck was the most common initial site of recurrence (62.0%). The lung was the most common metastatic site (56.7%). Major sites associated with death were locoregional recurrence (neck and mediastinum: 48.6%) and bone metastases (22.9%). By univariate analysis, local tumor extension, type of initial surgery, and residual tumor and/or existence of distant metastases at the initial operation were significant factors affecting survival. Stepwise multivariate analysis revealed that invasion of the esophagus and/or carotid artery shortened survival and that multiple surgeries extended survival. Our results suggest that to improve survival in patients with differentiated thyroid cancer, better locoregional control, including multiple surgical resection, is necessary. © 1996 Wiley-Liss, Inc.     

Radiation Treatment of Laryngeal Carcinoma with Special Reference to Cre Values

In a retrospective analysis of 203 cases of laryngeal carcinoma treated with radiation therapy, conventional absorbed dose levels and CRE calculations were compared as regards the prediction of treatment failure, tumor recurrences and major complications. The recurrence rate for T1 and T2 tumors was 14 per cent and for T3-4 tumors 26 per cent. Poorly differentiated (grade 3) tumors had a significantly higher recurrence rate than well and moderately well differentiated (grades 1 and 2) ones. Corrected 10-year survival rates were 89, 82 and 52 per cent, respectively for T1, T2 and T3-4 tumors. There was a significant relationship between the recurrence rate and the CRE level while the total absorbed dose in Gy or the size of the treatment field could not be correlated to treatment failure. Major complications occurred in 8 (3.9%) patients and they had all received treatment giving CRE values of 1920 reuormore.     

Recurrence of endometrial cancer and its pathological factors

The number of patients with uterine endometrial cancer has increased in recent years in Japan. The studies on the prognostic factors of endometrial cancer, however, have not been made in detail as compared with those on the prognostic factors of cervical cancers. We have therefore investigated retrospectively the prognoses of 94 cases with endometrial cancer treated in our clinic from 1973 to 1984. Out of 31 cases (32.9%) with recurrence, 13 cases were at the Stage I and II, and the recurrence ratios were 11.4% for Stage Ia, 18.2% for Stage Ib and 31.3% for Stage II. The prognosis of endometrial carcinoma appears to depend on the endocervical involvement of the cancer. Five prognostic factors for Stage I and II endometrial cancers analyzed here are as follows; (1) histologic differentiation (grade), (2) size (diameter) of the primary tumor, (3) myometrial invasion, (4) vascular invasion, (5) lymphnode metastasis. (1) The recurrence ratio was 15.0% in the well differentiated (Grade 1) group, 25.0% in the moderately differentiated (Grade 2) group, 27.3% in the poorly differentiated (Grade 3) group, and 12.5% in adenoacanthoma. (2) The ratio of recurrence was 2.9% with less than 3 cm diameter, 24% with 3-6 cm diameter, and 30% with greater than 6 cm diameter in tumor size. (3) The ratio of recurrence was 2.9% with less than 1/3, 24% with 1/3-2/3, and 30% with greater than 2/3 myometrial invasion. (4) The ratio of recurrence was 43.8% with vascular invasion, and 5.6% without it. (5) The ratio of recurrence was 75% with lymphnode metastasis, and 8.8% without it.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

Immunohistochemical analysis of PAI-2 (plasminogen activator inhibitor type 2) and p53 protein in early gastric cancer patients with recurrence: a preliminary report.

BACKGROUND: High levels of urokinase-type plasminogen activator (u-PA) were demonstrated in gastric carcinomas along with inhibitors of plasminogen activators (PAI-1 and PAI-2). They may influence the ability to invade and metastasize and therefore be of importance to the risk of recurrence of stomach neoplasms after curative operation. This also appears to be the case for p53 mutations and p53 protein overexpression. METHODS: Six patients, all differentiated cancer cases who developed recurrent disease 5-10 years after curative operations for early gastric cancers (recurrence group), were studied in comparison with 49 patients who had no recurrence more than 10 years after similar surgery (control group). The expression of u-PA, PAI-1, PAI-2 and p53 was compared immunohistochemically in the recurrence and control groups. RESULTS: The expression of PAI-2 was significantly more frequent in the recurrence group, being found in five (83.3%) patients vs eight (16.3%) in the control group. p53 was expressed in five (83.3%) patients in the recurrence group and in 15 (30.6%) in the control group; the rate was again significantly higher in the former. CONCLUSION: The results suggest that PAI-2 and p53 expressed in differentiated early gastric cancers are possible indices of the risk of recurrence.     

Clinicopathologic significance of sialyl Le(x) expression in advanced gastric carcinoma

Sialyl Lewis(x)antigen (SLX) is a carbohydrate antigen that serves as a ligand for selectin, an adhesion molecule expressed on vascular endothelial cells. The expression of SLX in 245 patients with advanced gastric carcinoma was examined immunohistochemically, and its clinicopathologic significance was analysed. We classified the patients with advanced gastric carcinoma into 91 with differentiated type and 154 with undifferentiated type. SLX expressed in 135 of 245 patients (55%), comprising 68 (75%) patients with differentiated carcinoma and 67 (44%) with undifferentiated carcinoma. The positive rate for SLX expression was significantly higher among patients with differentiated carcinoma than among those in undifferentiated carcinoma (P<0.0001). With differentiated carcinoma, the incidence of lymph node metastasis, advanced tumour stage (stage III and IV) and liver recurrence was significantly higher in SLX-positive patients than in SLX-negative ones (P<0.0001, P = 0.0065 and P = 0. 028, respectively). Moreover, the prognoses were better in patients with SLX-negative tumours than in those with SLX-positive tumours (P = 0.019). With undifferentiated carcinoma, there were no significant correlations between SLX expression and any clinicopathological features or prognoses. The clinicopathologic significance of SLX expression in gastric carcinoma patients depends on histologic type. SLX expression may be of great relevance in predicting liver metastases in patients with differentiated carcinoma.