HLA-DRB1, -DQA1, -DQB1, -DPA1 and -DPB1 genes in Japanese multiple sclerosis patients

Japanese MS patients and controls were examined for the distribution of HLA-DRB1, -DQA1, -DQB1, -DPA1 and -DPB1 alleles using in vitro amplification of genomic DNA and probing with sequence-specific oligonucleotides. No significant difference in frequency of the examined alleles was observed among the two groups. This is in contrast to Norwegian MS patients, where an association to a combination of certain DQA1 and DQB1 alleles has previously been demonstrated.     

Maternal genetic polymorphisms in CYP1A1, GSTM1 and GSTT1 and the risk of hypospadias

Hypospadias is one of the most common congenital anomalies. Increased exposure to environmental factors (endocrine-disrupting chemicals and smoking) or maternal endogenous estrogen may cause hypospadias because male sexual differentiation is dependent on normal androgen homeostasis. Moreover, interactions between genetic factors and cigarette smoking and other chemicals have been suggested. It has been demonstrated that the CYP1A1 metabolizes not only environmental chemicals but also estrogens, and glutathione-S-transferases (GSTs) are detoxification enzymes that protect cells from toxicants by conjugation with glutathione. In this study, to investigate the association of CYP1A1 (MspI), GSTM1 and GSTT1 polymorphisms with hypospadias, a case-control study of 31 case mothers who had boys with hypospadias and 64 control mothers was performed in Japan. These polymorphisms were investigated by PCR-based methods using DNA from peripheral lymphocytes. We found that the heterozygous CYP1A1 and heterozygous and homozygous CYP1A1 were less frequent in the case mothers than in the control mothers [adjusted odds ratio (OR)=0.17, 95% confidence interval (CI)=0.04-0.74, OR = 0.28, 95% CI = 0.08-0.97, respectively]. We found no effect of maternal smoking on the hypospadias risks among the gene polymorphisms. The results suggest that mothers with the CYP1A1 MspI variant allele may have a decreased risk for hypospadias.     

韩国人CYP450 1A1、CYP450 2E1和GSTM1、GSTT1、GSTP1基因座遗传多态性分析

目的 调查代谢相关的CYP4501A1、CYP4502E1和GSTM1、GSIT1、GSTP1基因座在韩国人群中的遗传多态性分布状况。方法 采用多重聚合酶链式反应、聚合酶链式反应-限制性片段长度多态性技术，分析300名韩国健康大学生的CYP1A1基因3′端限制性内切酶Msp Ⅰ位点、CYP2E1基因5′端转录调节区Pst Ⅰ位点和GSTM1、GSTT1缺失与存在、GSTP1基因第5外显子BsmA Ⅰ位点的基因型，计算基因型和基因频率。结果 CYP1A1基因型频率为ml／ml型39．7％、ml／m2型49．7％、m2／m2型10．7％，基因频率为ml 0．645、m2 0．355。CYP2E1基因型频率为cl／cl型66．7％、cl／c2型30％、c2／c2型3．3％，基因频率为C1 0．818、C2 0．182。GSTM1基因缺失型频率为53．3％。GSTT1基因缺失型频率为54．7％。GSTP1基因型频率为Ile／Ile型62％、Ile／Val型34．3％、VaL／Val型3．7％，基因频率为Ile 0．792、Val 0．208。基因分布符合Hardy-Weirtberg平衡定律。结论 韩国人CYP1A1、CYP2E1、GSTM1、GSTT1基因分布与我国人群较为相近，半数以上人缺乏GSTM1和GSTT1基因，纯合缺失型频率超过印度人的3倍。     

FoxO1在小鼠感染流感病毒H1N1中的作用及机制

目的探讨叉头盒转录因子O1（forkhead box O1,FoxO1）在小鼠抵抗流感病毒H1N1感染中发挥的作用及机制。方法用琼脂糖凝胶电泳鉴定小鼠的基因型后,将小鼠分为2组:条件性敲除NKp46⁺细胞中FoxO1基因的Foxo1^△NK组小鼠,以及对照组WT小鼠;2组小鼠使用滴鼻法同1天感染流感病毒H1N1,每天记录小鼠体质量及2组小鼠的死亡情况;在2组小鼠体质量及状态差异明显的第10天取样,HE染色法观察肺组织病理;Luminex液相芯片技术检测肺组织匀浆上清中36种细胞因子的表达情况;流式细胞术检测肺组织免疫细胞的比例变化。结果与WT组相比,感染流感病毒后Foxo1^△NK组小鼠死亡率增加,体质量下降更加严重;肺组织病理显示炎症反应减弱;肺组织匀浆上清中的细胞因子表达水平下降,ENA-78、IFN-α、IL-4、IL-5显著降低;肺组织免疫细胞中CD3⁺NKp46⁺NKT细胞比例显著下降。结论 FoxO1基因的缺失加重了小鼠流感感染进程,可能是通过抑制依赖FoxO1基因调控...     

Distinct Kinetics Features of LFA-1 and Mac-1 in Neutrophil Activation

LFA-1 and Mac-l, two [32 integrin members constitutively expressed on neutrophils, mediate leukocyte recruitment cascade by binding to the same ligand of ICAM-1. The slow rolling and firm adhesion of leukoeytes rely on LFA-1 while the cell crawling is dependent on Mac-1. We hypothesized that their distinct roles were likely attributed to the differences in the binding kinetics or in the diverse responses of outside-in and inside-out signaling. In this study, we compared the ICAM-1 binding features between soluble or membrane-expressed LFA-1 and Mac-1 with different affinity conformations using optical trap technique. Our data indicate that the affinity up-regulation from wide type （WT） to high affinity （HA） is off-rate dependent for LFA-1 but on-rate dependent for Mac-1. The structural bases of this new finding were found to be consistent with our previous simulations. These results furthered our understanding on their function differences under shear flow.     

喉癌组织中FEZ1／LZTS1基因的表达及其临床意义

目的：探讨FEZ1／LZTS1基因在喉鳞状细胞癌中的表达缺失及其与临床病理的关系。方法：采用逆转录聚合酶链反应（RT—PCR）法,分析50例原发性喉癌组织和癌旁组织中FEZ1／LZTS1基因的表达情况。结果：FEZ1／LZTS1基因在癌旁组织中表达率明显高于喉癌组织（P〈0．01）;在喉癌组织中FEZ1／LZTS1基因阳性表达率随其病理分级、临床分期升高而降低（P〈0．01）,而与患者年龄、性别和原发灶部位无关。结论：FEZ1／LZTS1基因的表达缺失可能对LSCC的发生发展起重要作用,是LSCC发展中的重要分子事件。     

Ah receptor, CYP1A1, CYP1A2 and CYP1B1 gene polymorphisms are not involved in the risk of recurrent pregnancy loss

The etiology of recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL) remains unclear, but it may be related to a possible genetic predisposition together with involvement of environmental factors. We examined the relation between RPL and polymorphisms in four genes, human aryl hydrocarbon (Ah) receptor, cytochrome P450 (CYP) 1A1, CYP1A2 and CYP1B1, which are involved in the metabolism of a wide range of environmental toxins and carcinogens. All cases and controls were women resident in Sapporo, Japan and the surrounding area. The Ah receptor, CYP1A1, CYP1A2 and CYP1B1 genotypes were assessed in 113 Japanese women with recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL) and 203 ethnically matched women experiencing at least one live birth and no spontaneous abortion (control). No significant differences in Ah receptor, CYP1A1, CYP1A2 and CYP1B1 genotype frequencies were found between the women with RPL and the controls [Ah receptor: Arg/Arg (reference); Arg/Lys and Lys/Lys, odds ratio (OR)=0.67; 95% confidence interval (CI)=0.40-1.11, CYP1A1: m1m1 (reference); m1m2 and m2m2, OR = 0.86; 95% CI = 0.53-1.40, CYP1A2: C/C and C/A (reference); A/A, OR = 1.16; 95% CI = 0.71-1.88, CYP1B1: Leu/Leu (reference); Leu/Val and Val/Val, OR = 1.18; 95% CI = 0.68-2.02]. The present study suggests that the Ah receptor, CYP1A1, CYP1A2 and CYP1B1 gene polymorphisms are not major genetic regulators in RPL.     

HLA-DRB1, DQA1, DQB1 DNA polymorphism in the Bulgarian population

We describe for the first time the use of PCR based techniques to analyze the MHC class II polymorphism of the Bulgarian population. The present study provides the HLA-DRB, DQB1 allele frequencies in 116 Bulgarian individuals and DQA1 alleles frequencies in 100 subjects. DNA from these individuals was typed for DRB and DQB1 typed by the PCR- Allele Specific Amplification (PCR-ASA) method and DQA1 by PCR followed by hybridization using Sequence Specific Oligonucleotides (PCR-SSO). Allele and haplo-type frequencies and linkage disequilibria are computed by the standard methods used for the XIth International Histocompatibility Workshop. The highest frequencies are 0.159, 0.109 and 0.085 for DRB1*1101, DRB1*1601 and DRB1*1301 respectively. Among the eight DQA1 alleles detected, DQA1*0501 (0.344) is found to be much more frequent than the two most frequent alleles DQA1*0102 (0.225) and DQA1*0101 (0.151). Twelve DQB1 alleles are found and three of them, DQB1*0301 (0.280), DQB1*0502 (0.153) and DQB1*0201 (0.133) showed the highest frequencies. The haplo-type DRB1*1101-DQA1*0501-DQB1*0301 (0.079) predominate clearly, followed by DRB1*1601-DQA1*0102-DDQB1*0502 (0.055) and DRB1*0101-DQA1*0101-DQB1*0501. These results indicate that the Bulgarian population is characterized by features representative of the European anthropological type with a substantial contribution from the Southern Belt of Europe.     

Galectin-1 promotes HIV-1 infectivity in macrophages through stabilization of viral adsorption

Following primary infection with human immunodeficiency virus type-1 (HIV-1), macrophages are thought to play an important role, as they are one of the first target cells the virus encounters and can also sustain a significant production of viruses over extended periods of time. While the interaction between the primary cellular receptor CD4 and the virus-encoded external envelope glycoprotein gp120 initiates the infection process, it has been suggested that various host factors are exploited by HIV-1 to facilitate adsorption onto the cell surface. Macrophages and other cells found at the infection site can secrete a soluble mammalian lectin, galectin-1, which binds to beta-galactoside residues through its carbohydrate recognition domain. Being a dimer, galectin-1 can cross-link ligands expressed on different constituents to mediate adhesion between cells or between cells and pathogens. We report here that galectin-1, but not galectin-3, increased HIV-1 infectivity in monocyte-derived macrophages (MDMs). This phenomenon was likely due to an enhancement of virus adsorption kinetics, which facilitates HIV-1 entry. The fusion inhibitors T-20 and TAK779 remained effective at reducing infection even in the presence of galectin-1, indicating that the galectin-1-mediated effect is occurring at a step prior to fusion. Together, our data suggest that galectin-1 can facilitate HIV-1 infection in MDMs by promoting early events of the virus replicative cycle (i.e. adsorption).     

The expression of ERCC1, RRM1, and BRCA1 in breast cancer according to the immunohistochemical phenotypes

We studied the expression of BRCA1, ERCC1, and RRM1 which play an important role in DNA repair systems in breast cancer. Immunohistochemical staining for EGFR, BRCA1, ERCC1, and RRM1 were performed by using a tissue microarray made from 230 breast cancer patients. Patients were classified into luminal A, luminal B, HER-2, and triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) types according to ER, PR, and HER-2 expression. The expression of ERCC1, RRM1, and BRCA1 were correlated (P < 0.05). The expression level of ERCC1 was the lowest in TNBC type (P = 0.031), ERCC1 negativity was more prominent in TNBC and luminal B groups than luminal A and HER-2 groups (P = 0.013). Cases with EGFR overexpression showed high expression of RRM1 and BRCA1 (P = 0.046, and 0.004, respectively). In conclusion, the expression of ERCC1 is particularly lower in TNBCs than other types of breast cancers.     

散发性乳腺癌中BRCA1和cyclinB1的表达

目的　探讨BRCA1和cyclinB1在散发性乳腺癌的表达及意义。方法　应用免疫组化S P法检测 2 0例乳腺腺病和 5 2例散发性乳腺癌中BRCA1和cyclinB1的表达。结果　所有乳腺腺病中BRCA1均呈阳性表达 ,散发性乳腺癌中BRCA1表达率和强度均下降 (P <0 0 1) ,BRCA1表达下降或丧失与散发性乳腺癌组织学分级有关 (P <0 0 5 )。cyclinB1在乳腺腺病和散发性乳腺癌中表达阳性率分别为 35 0 % (7/ 2 0 )和 6 9 2 % (36 / 5 2 ) ,差别有统计学意义 (P <0 0 1) ,cyclinB1过表达与组织学分级和肿块大小有关 (分别P <0 0 1,P <0 0 5 )。在散发性乳腺癌中BRCA1与cyclinB1的表达呈负相关 (P <0 0 1)。结论　BRCA1的表达下降或丧失和cyclinB1的过表达参与散发性乳腺癌的发病及进展     

用核酸序列测定1型糖尿病HLA-DPB1和DQB1第2外显子基因

目的 研究山东省汉族1型糖尿病与HLA－DPB1和HLA－DQB1等位基因的相关性。方法 采用基于核酸序列测定的基因分型技术对52例1型糖尿病患者及38例正常对照进行了DPB1和DQB1基因分析。结果 DPB1＊2201（P＜0．01）和DQB1＊0201（P＜0．01）、＊0303（P＜0．05）及＊0604（P＜0．05）等位基因频率在糖尿病患者组显著高于对照组,而PB1＊0402（P＜0．01）和DQB1＊0301（P＜0．01）等位基因在糖尿病患者组显著低于对照组。结论 DPB1＊2201和DQB1＊0201、＊0303及＊0604等位基因可能是山东省汉族1型糖尿病的易感性等位基因,而DPB1＊0402和DQB1＊0301等位基因可能是山东省汉族1型糖尿病的保护性等位基因。     

Recombinant human P450 forms 1A1, 1A2, and 1B1 catalyze the bioactivation of heterocyclic amine mutagens in Escherichia coli lacZ strains

Three recombinant human P450 enzymes, forms 1A1, 1A2, and 1B1, were coexpressed with NADPH-cytochrome P450 reductase in an E. coli lacZ strain suitable for detection of the mutagenicity of heterocyclic and aromatic amines. The resulting strains expressed the recombinant P450 holoenzymes at high levels. MeIQ (2-amino-3,4-dimethylimidazo[4,5-f]quinoline) was activated effectively by P450 1A2, weakly by P450 1A1, and not detectably by P450 1B1. MeIQx (2-amino-3,8-dimethylimidazo[4,5-f]quinoxaline) and Trp-P-2 (3-amino-1-methyl-5H-pyrido[4,3-b]indole) were activated by all three enzymes, with form 1A2 the most effective. These strains facilitate analysis of the substrate specificity of human P450 forms that participate in the metabolic activation of carcinogens.     

KG1及其诱导的树突样细胞中DC-SIGN的表达

目的了解在KG1诱导来源的树突样细胞（Dendritic—like cells,DLCs）中DC特异性C型凝集样受体DC—SIGN的表达。方法采用佛波酯（PMA）和离子霉素（Ionomycin）诱导KG1细胞为DLCs,采用Western免疫印迹、RT-PCR和流式细胞仪检测KG1和KG1来源的DLCs不同诱导时期DC—SIGN的表达。结果形态学方法确定成功诱导了KG1来源的DLCs,KG1细胞和其来源的DLCs均有DC—SIGN的表达,且当KG1诱导为DLCs细胞后DC—SIGN表达增强,尤其在DLCs的早期成熟阶段（诱导12～24h）。结论KG1细胞和其来源的DLCs上均有DC—SIGN的表达,且在诱导为DLCs后DC—SIGN的表达增强,为进一步研究DC—SIGN介导的抗原呈递途径奠定了基础。     

pT1期肺腺癌TK1的表达及其预后意义

目的 探讨细胞质胸苷激酶1(cytosolic thymidine kinase 1,TK1)在TNM病理分期T1期(pT1)肺腺癌中的表达及预后意义.方法 选择具有完整临床病理及随访资料结果的pT1期肺腺癌80例,应用免疫组织化学方法(EnVision法)检测TK1的表达情况,研究TK1表达与临床病理特征的关系,并分析该指标本身及与间质浸润分级相结合对肿瘤预后的评估作用.结果 TK1表达:12例(15%)表达"-",27例(33.8%)表达"+",31例(38.8%)表达"(++)",10例(12.5%)表达"(+++)".5年存活者:TK1"-"(87.5%)与"+"(82.1%)相似,"(++)"(35%)与"(+++)"(51.3%)相似,其余各表达强度病例间均有差异.据此将本组病例分为预后好的TK1"-/+"表达组(41例)以及预后差的TK1"(++)/(+++)"表达组(39例).TK1"(++)/(+++)"表达组的淋巴管/血管侵犯率(P=0.019)、淋巴结转移率(P=0.002)、间质浸润分级(P＜0.001)及临床病理分期(P＜0.001)均高于TK1"-/+"表达组,性别、年龄、肿瘤直径及吸烟史两组间的差异无统计学意义.本组病例的间质浸润分级:0级:7例(9%),1级:10例(12%),2级:12例(15%),3级:51例(64%),间质浸润分级0级、1级及2级病例的预后相似并好于3级病例,而3级病例中TK1表达"-/+"者的5年生存率高于TK1表达"(++)/(+++)"者(P=0.006),且与0～2级病例相似.结论 pT1期肺腺癌中TK1表达与肿瘤侵袭性及预后密切相关,并可与间质浸润分级相结合对肿瘤预后进行更加准确的评估.     

非小细胞肺癌中Notch1、HIF-1、VEGF蛋白及Notch1 mRNA的表达及意义

目的 探讨Notch1、HIF-1、VEGF蛋白及Notch1 mRNA在非小细胞肺癌(non-small cell lung cancer,NSCLC)组织的表达及其临床病理学意义.方法 采用免疫组化SP法和原位杂交法分别检测65例NSCLC组织、15例正常支气管上皮组织中Notch1、HIF-1、VEGF蛋白及Notch1 mRNA的表达.结果 Notch1、HIF-1、VEGF蛋白及Notch1 mRNA在非小细胞肺癌中阳性表达率分别为81.5%(53/65)、96.9%(63/65)、93.8%(61/65)、73.8%(48/65),均明显高于正常支气管上皮组织阳性表达率(P<0.05);NSCLC中Notch1、HIF-1、VEGF蛋白及Notch1 mRNA的表达均与临床分期、淋巴结转移有关(P<0.05);Notch1、HIF-1与VEGF蛋白间均正相关;Notch1蛋白与Notch1 mRNA的表达呈正相关.结论Notch1、HIF-1、VEGF蛋白及Notch1 mRNA在NSCLC中均表达上调,提示在肺癌的发生、发展中可能起重要作用;检测NSCLC组织Notch1蛋白及mRNA可作为判断肿瘤侵袭与转移的重要指标.     

Induction of cell surface human leukocyte antigen-G expression in pandemic H1N1 2009 and seasonal H1N1 influenza virus-infected patients

A novel H1N1 virus of swine origin (H1N1v) recently caused a pandemic; however, knowledge of immunologic aspects of the virus infection are limited. Human leukocyte antigen-G (HLA-G) was speculated to play critical roles in viral infection, although its clinical relevance in H1N1 infection remains unknown. In this study, HLA-G expression in peripheral T lymphocytes, monocytes, and CD4(+) CD25(+) FoxP3+ regulatory T (Treg) cells (in 50 H1N1v-infected and 41 seasonal H1N1-infected patients and 27 control subjects) were analyzed by flow cytometry. Plasma-soluble HLA-G (sHLA-G, in 28 H1N1v-infected, 29 seasonal H1N1-infected patients and 85 control subjects) were determined with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The percentage of HLA-G-positive T lymphocytes and monocytes among patients with H1N1v and seasonal H1N1 infections was dramatically increased compared with controls (all p < 0.001). Treg was markedly increased among H1N1v- infected patients compared with normal controls (p = 0.041), but not for the seasonal H1N1-infected patients. Meanwhile, no significant difference was observed for sHLA-G levels between the groups. Together, cell surface HLA-G expression was markedly induced in H1N1v-infected and seasonal H1N1-infected patients, and increased Treg was observed only in H1N1v-infected patients. Given its immune-suppressive property, elevated cell surface HLA-G expression may help to explain the virus escaping from host immune responses.     

基因Sipa1在肿瘤转移中的作用

转移是恶性肿瘤患者的主要死因,信号转导增殖相关基因1(Sipa1)是转移效率修饰基因Mtes1的候选基因,通过调控细胞增殖,抑制细胞周期进程,降低细胞黏附能力,维持细胞形态,达到调节肿瘤转移的作用.本文就Sipa1基因的结构、主要功能及其在肿瘤侵袭转移中的作用作一综述.     

神经系统RNA结合蛋白Musashi1 RRM1的初步结晶

目的 对Musashi1发挥功能的 RRM1结构域进行结晶,得到可用来衍射的蛋白晶体,为之后的结构解析打基础。方法 通过构建Musashi1RRM1的原核表达载体,并在BL21中表达、纯化高纯度的蛋白质,通过筛选结晶体条件得到蛋白晶体。结果 通过系统筛选和优化晶体生长条件得到了蛋白晶体。结论 Musashi1 RRM1的蛋白晶体质量较好,满足蛋白晶体衍射和数据收集的要求。     

胃肠道间质瘤124例DOG1、WISP-1表达与临床意义

目的 探讨DOG1和WISP-1在胃肠道间质瘤(gastrointestinal stromal tumors,GIST)中诊断及预后的意义.方法 收集川北医学院附属医院病理科124例有完整临床病理资料的GIST,应用免疫组化EnVision两步法检测了DOG1和WISP-1蛋白在124例GIST中的表达情况,并与非GIST进行对照研究;应用χ2检验及Spearmen检验对结果进行统计学分析.结果 124例GIST中DOG1的阳性表达率为96%(119/124),CD117的阳性变表达率为91.0%(111/124),两者在GIST中的表达水平差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);GIST与非GIST中DOG1的表达水平差异有统计学意义(P<0.001);本组病例中WISP-1阳性率为80.6%(100/124),其中极低风险性、低风险性、中风险性和高风险性的阳性表达率分别为44.4%(4/9)、66.7%(26/39)、86.9%(17/20)和95.0%(38/40),其阳性表达率与美国国立卫生研究院(NIH)风险分级呈正相关关系(P<0.001);GIST与非GIST 中WISP-1的表达水平差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).结论 DOG1是GIST中一个敏感又特异的标记物,与CD117联用能提高GIST的诊断准确率,临床上可将其作为鉴别消化道间叶源性肿瘤的一线抗体;WISP-1的表达可能和GIST恶性进程有关,有可能作为评估GIST生物学行为的指标.