隆乳术后的MRI表现

目的分析隆乳术后MRI表现，探讨其临床价值。方法对63例隆乳术后患者行MR扫描，分别分析置入假体和注射假体的MRI表现。结果40例80只乳房行双侧聚丙烯酰胺水凝胶注入，其中50只乳腺假体呈不规则团块游离于腺体内、胸肌内、皮下等各处。7例行双侧白体脂肪注入，其中12只乳内见纤维脂肪团块，6只乳内见脂液平面，6只胸大肌内见脂肪。16例行双侧乳腺假体置入，其中2例行生理盐水假体置入，2只盐水假体破裂；14例行硅胶假体置入，其中4只假体囊外破裂，10只假体囊内破裂。结论MRI是评价乳腺假体置入术后情况的理想方法。     

PAHG注射隆乳术后并发症的MRI表现分析

目的 探讨聚丙烯酰胺水凝胶(PAHG)注射隆乳术后并发症的MRI特点及其诊断价值.方法 回顾性分析32例PAHG注射隆乳术后患者的临床和MRI资料.结果 32例中,17例(30只)乳腺假体包膜破裂,表现为多发的团块状长T1长T2信号,内可见低信号影分隔;6例(12只)硬结形成,表现为皮下、腺体内或肌间隙内散在的T2WI明亮高信号结节影;2例(4只)乳腺MRI可见假体严重变形、不对称;2例(4只)乳腺伴发无菌性炎症,表现为乳腺腺体结构紊乱,腺体内可见线条样稍长T1长T2信号影,增强扫描未见异常强化灶.MRI表现与临床表现相符.结论 聚丙烯酰胺水凝胶隆乳术后各种并发症的MRI表现有一定特点,乳腺MRI扫描可指导临床诊断和治疗.     

MRI对聚丙烯酰胺水凝胶注射隆乳术后并发症的诊断

目的 分析聚丙烯酰胺水凝胶注射隆乳术后并发症的MRI表现,并探讨其诊断价值.方法 对28例52个出现并发症的乳腺MRI资料进行回顾性分析.结果 MRI显示28例中:①假体囊壁局限性破裂10例(18只),假体内有多发"丝线征",MRI示假体内有多发丝线状长T1短T2低信号;②硬结17例(21只),表现为皮下、乳腺腺体内或胸大肌下的单个或数个固定的长T1、长T2信号;③无菌性炎症8例(10只),假体包膜增厚,表现为稍长T1、等T2信号影;④假体形态异常11例(16只),注入物形成的假体不规整.全部病例均经手术治疗.结论 MRI对聚丙烯酰胺水凝胶注射隆乳术后并发症能提供有价值的信息,可以作为首选影像学检查.     

乳房假体破裂及注射水凝胶扩散的磁共振成像

目的 :探讨乳房假体破裂及注射聚丙烯酰胺水凝胶扩散的MRI表现及临床意义。方法 :对 18例隆乳术后患者行MR扫描 ,并与术中所见比较。对假体置入及注射聚丙烯酰胺水凝胶的MRI表现进行分类分析。结果 :正常单腔硅凝胶假体 9例 ;单腔硅凝胶假体纤维囊内破裂 13例 ,MRI示假体内有多发条丝状短T2 低信号 ,即“条丝征” ;单腔硅凝胶假体纤维囊外破裂 2例 ,MRI示乳房腺体内长T2 结节状内容物颗粒。正常聚丙烯酰胺水凝胶注射 3例 ,注射聚丙烯酰胺水凝胶扩散 9例 ,MRI示乳腺后间隙以外部位出现结节状长T1、长T2 信号。结论 :MRI可诊断乳房假体有无破裂或注射聚丙烯酰胺水凝胶有无扩散 ,可明确其漏出或扩散的范围 ,因此能为手术提供准确定位 ,为随访提供客观资料。     

聚丙烯酰胺水凝胶注射隆乳术及其并发症的MRI表现

目的：分析聚丙烯酰胺水凝胶（PAHG）注射隆乳术及其并发症的MRI表现,探讨其临床价值。方法：收集25例经MRI检查的PAHG注射隆乳术后患者,分析隆乳假体及并发症的MRI表现。结果：25例50乳,正常3例6乳,硬结10例12乳,感染6例7乳,无菌性炎症2例4乳,血肿1例1乳,水凝胶扩散14例20乳,MRI可明确显示乳房内假体的信号、形态、位置、假包膜及向周围组织扩散情况。结论：MRI可明确PAHG注射乳房假体的位置、类型,观察隆乳术后各种并发症,有助于临床诊断和治疗。     

自体脂肪注射联合硅胶假体置入在聚丙烯酰胺水凝胶隆乳术后取出修复中应用

目的探讨自体脂肪注射联合硅胶假体置入在修复聚丙烯酰胺水凝胶取出术后乳房继发畸形中的方法和疗效。方法选取中国医科大学附属盛京医院自2010年6月至2016年3月收治的聚丙烯酰胺水凝胶注射隆乳术后乳房畸形患者68例,所有患者术前均完善乳腺三维彩超及增强磁共振影像检查,明确注射物所在层次、面积及容量。全身麻醉下采取乳晕下半圆形切开,在保证安全前提下,尽量清除可见注射物,以及被侵蚀后变性坏死的组织。术后半年,行硅胶假体隆乳术;同期,于腹壁抽吸脂肪,离心提纯后,将脂肪注射于外形不饱满处。结果本组68例患者,122侧乳房采用脂肪注射联合硅胶假体置入的方法进行修复,随访12~24个月,乳房外形佳,无严重并发症。结论脂肪注射联合硅胶假体置入,弥补了以往单纯硅胶假体置入修复乳房外形的不足,是聚丙烯酰胺水凝胶隆乳术后畸形矫正的理想修复方法。     

乳房假体植入后破裂及泄漏的MRI表现

目的：探讨磁共振诊断乳房假体破裂和（或）泄漏的临床价值。方法：对17例隆乳术后患者行MR扫描，对1个体外正常硅胶液硅胶囊袋假体行相同序列MR扫描作为正常参照。对囊袋假体及注射聚丙烯酰胺假体的MR表现进行分类分析。结果：正常硅胶囊袋单腔假体7例12个，其中4例8个囊内为硅胶液；3例4个囊内为生理盐水。生理盐水硅胶囊袋单腔假体破裂2例2个，其中1 个属囊内破裂，MRI示残留塌陷的硅胶囊袋呈长条状长T1、短T2信号；另1个属囊外破裂，MRI示假体内有多条丝状短T2低信号，即“条丝征”，同侧乳房外见假体内容物颗粒。注射聚丙烯酰胺假体10例20个，其中1例2个完整；8例16个完全破裂，表现为多发条块状、结节状长T1、长T2信号，8例中有7例见双侧乳房腺体内及乳房外有注射物颗粒；1例2个内部撕裂，MRI表现为假体内有多发“条丝征”。结论：MR检查可明确乳房假体的类型、位置；明确假体破裂类型及漏出物的分布范围；因此能为临床手术提供准确定位，为随访复查提供客观资料。     

水凝胶注射隆乳术后的X线表现

目的探讨聚丙烯酰胺水凝胶（简称水凝胶）注射隆乳术后的临床及X线表现特点。方法67例均有明确水凝胶注射隆乳史，11例行手术取出水凝胶或乳房硬块，所有患者均经临床体检及乳腺X线摄片，对其结果进行回顾性分析。结果水凝胶注射隆乳术后多数乳房外观良好，质感异常及硬节形成为其主要后遗改变。X线片上水凝胶表现为高密度6例，稍高密度或等密度57例，低密度4例；水凝胶呈不规则团片影并多发类似肿块或结节影51例，呈均匀片状影16例；水凝胶与正常腺体分界不清46例，分界模糊11例，分界清晰10例；7例可见钙化灶显示。11例手术病理显示水凝胶周围纤维结缔组织增生及散在淋巴细胞浸润，其中1例合并纤维腺瘤，1例合并癌。结论乳腺X线片无法准确评估注射隆乳术后水凝胶的自身情况，同时水凝胶影响乳房肿块或结节病变的辨认及定性。     

乳房假体植入后破裂及漏出的MRI表现

目的 探讨MRI诊断乳房假体破裂和(或)泄漏的临床价值. 资料与方法 对15例隆乳术后患者行MR扫描,对囊袋假体及注射聚丙烯酰胺假体的MR表现进行分类分析,与正常假体对照. 结果 硅胶囊袋单腔假体13例26个,囊内为硅胶液;1例2个为双囊假体,外囊为生理盐水,内囊为硅胶液.其中正常假体5例,均为单囊硅胶囊袋假体.硅胶囊袋单腔假体破裂8例16个,其中1例属囊内破裂,MRI示残留塌陷的硅胶囊袋呈长条状长T1、短T2信号;其余为囊内、外均破裂,MRI示假体内有多发条、丝状长T1短T2信号,即"条丝征"、"舌样征",同侧乳房外见假体内容物颗粒.注射聚丙烯酰胺假体1例2个,完全破裂,表现为多发条块状、结节状长T1、长T2信号,MRI表现为假体内有多发"条丝征". 结论 MR检查可明确乳房假体的类型、位置;明确假体破裂的类型及漏出物的分布范围;因此能为临床手术提供准确定位,为随访复查提供客观资料.     

自体脂肪注射隆乳术后常见并发症的处理

目的探讨自体脂肪注射隆乳术后常见并发症的处理方法。方法选择自体脂肪注射隆乳术后出现并发症的患者21例,其中16例患者采用乳晕、乳房下皱襞1-2cm小切口进行治疗,5例应用硅凝胶假体隆乳的同时对原乳房内脂肪液化、硬结及钙化予以清除。结果经过6个月至3年的随访,有4例患者仍有1～2个包块或硬结,其余无并发症出现,切口愈合良好,所有患者瘢痕均不明显。同时应用硅凝胶假体隆乳者未出现并发症。结论采用乳晕、乳房下皱襞小切口和应用硅凝胶假体隆乳的同时对自体脂肪注射隆乳术后常见并发症进行处理是可行的。     

乳腺评估容积成像技术在双侧乳腺磁共振成像中的价值

目的:通过对传统乳腺动态扫描和采用VIBRANT技术乳腺动态增强扫描的比较研究,探讨VIBRANT技术的临床应用价值.方法:对临床或钼靶检查怀疑有肿块病变的38例患者进行传统乳腺动态扫描序列和采用VIBRANT技术的乳腺动态增强扫描序列的对比研究,比较它们的图像质量、动态增强及时间-信号强度曲线对MR诊断结果的影响.结果:传统乳腺动态扫描序列和采用VIBRANT技术的乳腺动态增强扫描序列的图像质量没有明显的差别,显示病变的数目、大小无统计学差异.但VIBRANT技术乳腺动态增强扫描序列扫描时间明显减少,可同时显示双侧乳腺矢状位的多中心病灶,同时可做双侧对比检查,为临床诊断提供好的对比参考.由于其视野的限制,对较大乳房和特殊部位病灶的应用存在一定的限度.结论:VIBRANT技术的乳腺动态增强扫描比传统乳腺动态扫描序列技术更有临床应用价值.     

Imaging breasts with silicone implants

Over the last two decades, the use of breast implants both for breast augmentation and for breast reconstruction following mastectomy has increased substantially. It is estimated that around two million women have undergone breast augmentation, while hundreds of thousands have had breast reconstruction surgery. Different types of material have been used for breast implants, but silicone gel implants have been the dominating implant type. Many implants can lead to complications, such as hardening and rupture, and may therefore need in vivo evaluation by imaging, particularly if they lead to clinical symptoms. They can also pose problems in the assessment of surrounding breast tissue by conventional mammography. In this respect, imaging modalities such as ultrasound, computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging offer greater possibilities to assess a failing implant, as well as surrounding breast tissue. Several factors, mainly of a psychological nature, lead to requests for breast implants. In this review article, only the imaging aspects of breasts with silicone gel implants will be dealt with. Each modality is concisely presented with its possibilities and limitations. Received: 5 February 1998; Revision received: 18 May 1998; Accepted: 25 May 1998     

Lumpy silicone-injected breasts: enhanced MRI and microscopic correlation

Clinical images emphasizing on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) characteristics of silicone-injected breasts with microscopic correlation were presented. A total of 16 patients with a history of silicone injection breast augmentation received MRI examinations due to palpable masses were reviewed. MRI enables the demonstration of the characteristic MR intensities in silicone-injected breasts. Four breast cancers were accurately detected by the enhancement technique including the cancers admixing within the fibrosis and silicone granuloma. This article can document the excellent ability of MRI with high microscopic correlation in examining these clinical, mammographic and ultrasonographic difficult cases. Understanding the MRI features is helpful to approach these patients. On the other hand, these illustrations indicated the importance of enhancement technique in detecting the cancers and in differentiating the angiogenic lesions from nonenhanced silicone granulomas.     

Combination of chemical suppression techniques for dual suppression of fat and silicone at diffusion-weighted MR imaging in women with breast implants

Objectives

Silicone breast prostheses prove technically challenging when performing diffusion-weighted MR imaging in the breasts. We describe a combined fat and chemical suppression scheme to achieve dual suppression of fat and silicone, thereby improving the quality of diffusion-weighted images in women with breast implants.

Methods

MR imaging was performed at 3.0 and 1.5?T in women with silicone breast implants using short-tau inversion recovery (STIR) fat-suppressed echo-planar (EPI) diffusion-weighted MR imaging (DWI) on its own and combined with the slice-select gradient-reversal (SSGR) technique. Imaging was performed using dedicated breast imaging coils.

Results

Complete suppression of the fat and silicone signal was possible at 3.0?T using EPI DWI with STIR and SSGR, evaluated with dedicated breast coils. However, a residual silicone signal was still perceptible at 1.5?T using this combined approach. Nevertheless, a further reduction in silicone signal at 1.5?T could be achieved by employing thinner slice partitions and the addition of the chemical-selective fat-suppression (CHESS) technique.

Conclusions

DWI using combined STIR and SSGR chemical suppression techniques is feasible to eliminate or reduce silicone signal from prosthetic breast implants.

Key Points

? Breast magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is frequently needed following breast implants ? Unsuppressed signal from silicone creates artefacts on diffusion-weighted MR sequences ? Dual fat/chemical suppression can eliminate signal from fat and silicone ? STIR with slice selective gradient reversal can suppress fat and silicone signal     

Imaging findings of breast augmentation with injected hydrophilic polyacrylamide gel: Patient reports and literature review

Hydrophilic polyacrylamide gel (PAAG) is a nonresorbable soft tissue filler that has been used as implant material for breast augmentation in some countries, particularly from the Asian continent. Many complications associated with hydrogel use have been reported in the clinical literature including inflammation, persistent mastodynia, formation of multiple lumps, poor cosmetic results, glandular atrophy, and significant spread of hydrogel into the surrounding tissue. Data on long-term toxicity is currently unavailable.The radiologic features of PAAG injection mammoplasty frequently constitute a diagnostic challenge for radiologists. Indeed, the imaging appearances of uncomplicated PAAG implants may mimic conventional implants on mammography, sonography and MRI, with some distinguishing features. The location and local spread of the injected PAAG, and the eventual detection of local inflammation, are best evaluated by ultrasonography and especially MRI, considered the most sensitive technique for assessment of PAAG mammoplasty. MRI clearly depicts the volume and the distribution of gel within the breast; contrast medium enhancement allows delineation of areas of inflammation and infection. It is important to be familiar with the spectrum of imaging findings in order to make an accurate diagnosis and offer proper management.This paper aims to review the normal and abnormal mammographic, sonographic, and MR imaging characteristics of PAAG augmentation mammoplasty through presented patient reviews of three women having undergone direct PAAG injection.     

Breast augmentation and reconstructive surgery: MR imaging of implant rupture and malignancy

The purpose of this study was to assess the diagnostic accuracy of MRI in detecting prosthesis integrity and malignancy after breast augmentation and reconstruction. Forty-one implants in 25 patients were analyzed by MRI before surgical removal. Imaging results were compared with ex vivo findings. Magnetic resonance imaging of the breast was performed on a 1.5-T system using a dedicated surface breast coil. Axial and sagittal T2-weighted fast spin-echo as well as dynamic contrast-enhanced T1-weighted gradient-recalled-echo sequences were acquired. The linguine sign indicating collapse of the silicone shell or siliconomas indicating free silicone proved implant rupture, whereas early focal contrast enhancement of a lesion was suspicious for malignancy. The sensitivity for detection of implant rupture was 86.7% with a specificity of 88.5%. The positive and negative predictive values were 81.3 and 92.0%, respectively. The linguine sign as a predictor of intracapsular implant rupture had a sensitivity of 80% with a specificity of 96.2%. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed two lesions with suspicious contrast enhancement (one carcinoma, one extra-abdominal fibromatosis). Magnetic resonance imaging is a reliable and reproducible technique for diagnosing both implant rupture and malignant lesions in women after breast augmentation and reconstruction.