双腔支气管导管单肺通气在电视胸腔镜下肺大疱切除术中的应用

目的探讨胸腔镜下肺大疱切除手术的麻醉管理要点。方法对36例肺大疱电视胸腔镜下手术（VATS）患者,于麻醉诱导后插入双腔支气管导管行单肺通气,多功能监护仪监测循环和呼吸情况。结果手术均顺利,术中呼吸、循环功能平稳,平均单肺通气时间70min,无麻醉及手术死亡,无复张性肺水肿和肺不张。结论双腔支气管导管单肺通气用于肺大疱VATS患者有利于手术顺利进行及减少术后并发症,麻醉管理要点为术前充分准备、术中保持良好双肺隔离、加强气道管理和围术期监测。     

喉罩通气在胸腔镜胸交感神经链切断术中的临床研究

目的:评价喉罩通气在胸腔镜胸交感神经链切断术中应用的效果。方法:选择手多汗症行胸腔镜胸交感神经链切断术患者60例,随机分为A组(喉罩组)与B组(双腔气管插管组),每组30例。A组在手术者打开左右胸腔前暂停呼吸机,打开喉罩管接头,使喉罩导管与大气相通,手术中采用低潮气量(3～4 mL/kg)通气完成手术操作。B组分次行左右侧单肺通气下完成胸交感神经链切断术。记录2组患者各时间点的收缩压(SBP)、舒张压(DBP)、心率(HR)、脉搏血氧饱和度(SpO2)、呼气末二氧化碳(PETCO2),并观察2组患者有无反流误吸情况及术后咽喉部并发症等。结果:喉罩置入一次成功率100%,喉罩置入较气管插管成功所需时间明显缩短,2组患者在手术期间均未发生低氧血症和二氧化碳蓄积,SPO2、PetCO2均在正常范围,2组间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。B组插气管双腔管和拔除气管双腔管时,血压增高、HR加快明显高于A组(P<0.05)。A组躁动、呛咳的发生率低于B组(P<0.05)。结论:喉罩通气全身麻醉用于胸腔镜胸交感神经链切断术,可确保气道通畅,低潮气量通气时不仅术野暴露清楚,也可保证基本的通气量,与双腔支气管插管比较,用喉罩通气全身麻醉时具有操作容易、管理简单、且术后并发症少等优点。     

全胸腔镜心房颤动射频消融术的麻醉处理

目的:探讨全胸腔镜下心房颤动(房颤)射频消融术的麻醉处理方法.方法:分析我院2010年3月至2011年2月,全胸腔镜下房颤射频消融术10例,采用全凭静脉双腔气管导管麻醉.结果:10例患者在消融术后均转为窦性心律.术中分离肺静脉时,4例出现血压降低;左单肺通气时,2例出现SpO2降低,PaCO2升高.结论:全胸腔镜下房颤...     

双腔支气管导管在电视胸腔镜手术中的应用

目的 研究双腔支气管导管在电视胸腔镜手术中的应用.方法 分析2009年1月至2011年6月112例择期电视胸腔镜手术患者的临床资料,分析比较患者术前、术中和术后生命体征和血气分析的差异.结果 112例患者双腔支气管导管平均插管时间163.2±15.4 s,一次插管成功91例(81.3%);108例患者术中肺萎陷满意,术野显露良好,4例患者经患侧负压吸引后方达到满意效果;患者手术前和手术后的HR、SBP、DBP、MAP、pH、PaO2、PaCO2和SpO2无明显差异(P>0.05),术中的HR、SBP、DBP和MAP显著低于术前和术后(P<0.05),PaCO2显著高于术前和术后(P<0.05),而pH、PaO2和SpO2无明显差异(P>0.05).手术过程中没有因麻醉原因而中断手术,术中无低氧血症发生,术后无患者因呼吸衰竭再次插管,术后并发症有声音嘶哑32例(28.6%),咽喉痛45例(40.2%).结论 双腔支气管导管可为电视胸腔镜手术提供良好手术视野,术后并发症少,是一种安全有效的肺隔离方法.     

双腔支气管导管与支气管阻塞导管在胸科手术单肺通气患者中的应用

目的探讨双腔气管导管与支气管阻塞导管两种技术在胸科手术单肺通气中的应用效果。方法选取2015年9月至2016年9月行胸腔镜下肺叶切除术的80例患者作为研究对象,按数字随机表法将患者分为双腔导管组(使用双腔支气管导管)与阻塞导管组(使用支气管阻塞导管)各40例,记录并分析两组的呼吸参数比较两组插管定位时间、插管时间、术中肺最大程度萎陷所需时间及术后声嘶咽痛发生情况。结果两组插管定位时间、术中肺最大程度萎陷所需时间相比,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),阻塞导管组插管时间显著短于双腔导管组(P<0.05);两组患者单肺通气时的吸气阻力、呼气阻力、吸气平台压较双肺通气时有了显著升高,肺动态顺应性则显著下降(P<0.05),且阻塞导管组单肺通气时的吸气阻力、呼气阻力、吸气平台压均显著低于双腔导管组(P<0.05);阻塞导管组声嘶咽痛的发生率为27.5%,显著低于双腔导管组的(70.0%,P<0.05)。结论支气管阻塞导管在胸科手术中相比双腔支气管导管单肺通气效果更好,插管时间更短,患者术后声嘶咽痛发生率更低。     

胸腔镜下肺癌手术时单肺通气的临床麻醉分析

目的 探讨胸腔镜下行肺癌手术时单肺通气的临床麻醉情况.方法 分析218例胸腔镜下行肺癌手术患者,均采用静脉快速诱导插入双腔支气管导管,运用纤维支气管镜进行定位后进行间歇性正压通气（IPPV）,而单肺通气则采用IPPV或加呼气末正压呼吸和萎缩肺持续正压通气,对呼吸参数进行调整.结果 MAP、HR和SaO2在麻醉前、双肺IPPV和单肺的IPPV30 min、IPPV60 min、IPPV 90 min、IPPV 120 min和双肺IPPV15 min比较无明显差异性（P〉0.05）,而PaCO2和PETCO2则有明显的差异性（P〈0.05）;其中双肺IPPV和单肺IPPV在FiO2和TV方面比较也有差异性（P〈0.05）.结论 单肺通气可使胸腔镜下治疗肺癌手术时患侧肺萎缩满意,可顺利度过手术期.     

胸腔镜下体外循环心脏手术的麻醉管理

目的 总结胸腔镜下体外循环心脏手术的麻醉管理经验。方法回顾性分析2011年1月至12月在广东省人民医院行胸腔镜下体外循环心脏手术患者的麻醉及围术期处理的相关资料。结果2011年我院共行胸腔镜辅助小切口或全胸腔镜下体外循环心脏手术85例,其中男30例,女55例,年龄（42．5±15．2）岁。手术类型包括：房间隔缺损修补术20例,同期三尖瓣成形术15例;左心房黏液瘤摘除术7例;二尖瓣成形术8例：二尖瓣置换术50例,同期三尖瓣成形术19例、心房颤动射频消融术5例、房间隔缺损修补术2例及左心房血栓清除术1例。麻醉均采用静吸复合全身麻醉,左侧双腔气管插管单肺通气,经皮上腔静脉插管、股动静脉插管建立外周体外循环,体外循环时间（151．8±63．6）min,心肌血运阻断时间（92．1±43．7）min。全组患者术后并发症8例（9．4％）,死亡1例。结论良好的单肺隔离通气、充分的静脉引流以及完善的术中监测有利于手术的顺利进行,维持血流动力学平稳和避免缺血、缺氧可以减少围术期并发症,是胸腔镜下体外循环心脏手术麻醉管理的重点。     

电视胸腔镜下小儿室缺矫治术的麻醉管理

目的探讨小儿电视胸腔镜下室缺矫治术的麻醉管理方法.方法61例先天性心脏病患儿,年龄3～13岁,均采用单腔气管内插管全麻,整个手术过程通过改良双肺通气方法来暴露术野,分次给予芬太尼镇痛,微泵静注维库溴铵维持肌肉松弛,并根据需要间断吸入异氟醚维持麻醉.结果全组均未出现恶性心律失常、残余漏及低心排出量综合征等并发症.体外循环时间、主动脉阻断时间及术后呼吸支持时间与同期常规正中开胸组相比,差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05);而术后胸液量、输血量及住院时间明显缩短(P＜0.01).结论电视胸腔镜下小儿先天性心脏病手术,术中改良双肺肺通气,加强呼吸管理和肺保护是麻醉管理的关键.     

胸腔镜心脏手术麻醉中应用小潮气量较快频率

目的 评估单腔气管插管,小潮气量较快频率间歇正压通气(intermittent positive pressure ventilation,IPPV)在电视胸腔镜心脏手术麻醉中的可行性和安全性.方法 回顾西京医院心脏外科2003年1月～2007年6月,132例电视胸腔镜下心脏手术的患者的麻醉和机械通气管理模式,统计分析了麻醉诱导后、建立胸腔镜系统体外循环前、体外循环后、手术结束时动脉血气结果 和终末潮气CO2分压(PetCO2),进行自身对照研究.结果 所有患者可以耐受单腔气管插管,小潮气量较快频率间歇正压通气下的胸腔镜手术,无麻醉相关并发症发生,胸腔镜心内手术操作期间PetCO2和动脉血CO2分压(PaCO2)较麻醉诱导略有升高,仍在正常范围,O2分压(PaO2)有显著降低(P＜0.05),也在正常范围,手术结束时均恢复到正常.结论 单腔气管插管可适用于1岁以上先天性心脏病患者的胸腔镜手术.     

胸腔镜心脏手术麻醉中应用小潮气量较快频率间歇正压通气的可行性

目的评估单腔气管插管,小潮气量较快频率间歇正压通气（intermittent positive pressure ventilation,IPPV）在电视胸腔镜心脏手术麻醉中的可行性和安全性。方法回顾西京医院心脏外科2003年1月2007年6月,132例电视胸腔镜下心脏手术的患者的麻醉和机械通气管理模式,统计分析了麻醉诱导后、建立胸腔镜系统体外循环前、体外循环后、手术结束时动脉血气结果和终末潮气CO2分压（PetCO2）,进行自身对照研究。结果所有患者可以耐受单腔气管插管,小潮气量较快频率间歇正压通气下的胸腔镜手术,无麻醉相关并发症发生,胸腔镜心内手术操作期间Pet-CO2和动脉血CO2分压（PaCO2）较麻醉诱导略有升高,仍在正常范围,O2分压（PaO2）有显著降低（P<0.05）,也在正常范围,手术结束时均恢复到正常。结论单腔气管插管可适用于1岁以上先天性心脏病患者的胸腔镜手术。     

Shikani与Macintosh两种喉镜在胸科手术患者双腔支气管插管中的比较

目的:比较Shikani喉镜和Macintosh喉镜,在胸科手术患者双腔支气管插管的临床效果。方法:选择需行单肺通气的胸外科手术患者60例,随机均分为两组,Shikani喉镜组(S组)和Macintosh喉镜组(M组)各30例。麻醉诱导后分别采用Shikani喉镜或Macintosh喉镜,实施经口双腔支气管插管操作。记录并比较麻醉诱导前(T1)、气管插管前(T2)、气管插管后即刻(T3)、气管插管后5 min(T4)的平均动脉压(MAP)值、心率(HR)值和脑电双频指数(BIS)值。观察比较2组插管时间、置入目标支气管的成功率及口腔损伤出血情况。结果:在T3点,M组患者的平均动脉压(MAP)和心率(HR)均明显高于S组患者(P<0.05),其余各时间点两组患者的血流动力学指标,差异均无统计学意义。各点脑电双频指数(BIS)值,两组间比较差异均无统计学意义。S组患者的插管时间明显相似文献   

Uniportal video-assisted thoracoscopic left upper lobectomy under spontaneous ventilation

Intubated general anesthesia with one-lung ventilation was traditionally considered necessary for thoracoscopic major pulmonary resections. However, non-intubated thoracoscopic lobectomy can be performed by using conventional and uniportal video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS). These non-intubated procedures try to minimize the adverse effects of tracheal intubation and general anesthesia but these procedures must only be performed by experienced anesthesiologists and skilled thoracoscopic surgeons. Here we present a video of a uniportal VATS left upper lobectomy in a non-intubated patient, maintaining the spontaneous ventilation.     

两种气管导管行单肺通气在小切口冠状动脉旁路移植术中的比较

目的 比较单腔导管与双腔支气管导管用于小切口冠状动脉旁路移植术患者单肺通气的效果。 方法 择期行左胸部小切口冠状动脉旁路血管移植术患者60例,年龄65~75岁,ASA分级Ⅱ~Ⅲ级,Mallampati分级Ⅰ~Ⅱ级,心功能（NYHA）Ⅱ~Ⅲ级,随机分为2组,单腔导管组和双腔支气管组,每组30例。麻醉诱导后单腔导管组采用单腔气管导管,一次性插入右侧总支气管。双腔导管组选择Robershaw 右双腔支气管导管。分别于麻醉诱导前、插管定位成功后、手术结束后记录患者SBP、DBP和HR。并且于诱导前（T₀）、插管定位成功后（T₁）、开胸后30 min（T₂）、术毕拔出气管导管30 min（T₃）时从桡动脉抽血0.5 ml进行血气分析:PO₂、PCO₂并记录peak值。 结果 与单腔导管组比较双腔导管组在插管后SBP、DBP、HR明显升高（P<0.05）,PO₂、PCO₂无明显变化,peak值在T₁、T₂与双腔导管组比较明显升高（P<0.05）但均在正常范围内。 结论 普通单腔气管导管于小切口冠状动脉旁路移植术老年患者单肺通气时优于双腔气管导管。     

Management of spontaneous pneumothorax: state of the art.

Spontaneous pneumothorax remains a significant health problem. However, with time, there have been improvements in pathogenesis, diagnostic procedures and both medical and surgical approaches to treatment. Owing to better imaging techniques, it is now clear that there is almost no normal visceral pleura in the case of spontaneous pneumothorax, and that blebs and bullae are not always the cause of pneumothorax. In first episodes of primary spontaneous pneumothorax, observation and simple aspiration are established first-line therapies, as proven by randomised controlled trials. Aspiration should be better promoted in daily medical practice. In the case of recurrent or persistent pneumothorax, simple talc poudrage under thoracoscopy has been shown to be safe, cost-effective and no more painful than a conservative treatment using a chest tube. There are also new experimental data showing that talc poudrage, as used in Europe, does not lead to serious side-effects and is currently the best available pleural sclerosing agent. Alternatively, surgical techniques have considerably improved, and are now less invasive, especially due to the development of video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery. Studies suggest that video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery may be more cost-effective than chest tube drainage in spontaneous pneumothorax requiring chest tube drainage, although it is more expensive than simple thoracoscopy and requires general anaesthesia, double-lumen tube intubation and ventilation. Recommendations are made regarding the treatment of pneumothorax. In secondary or complicated primary pneumothorax, i.e. recurrent or persistent pneumothorax, some diffuse treatment of the visceral pleura should be offered, either by talc poudrage under thoracoscopy or by video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery. Moreover, all of these new techniques should be better standardised to permit comparison in randomised controlled studies.     

单肺通气前静脉注射依达拉奉对肺功能的作用

目的 探讨单肺通气前静脉注射依达拉奉对肺功能的保护作用.方法 择期行单肺通气开胸手术患者46例,随机分为依达拉奉组（E组,n=23）和对照组（C组,n=23）.所有患者行双腔支气管插管并机械通气,E组在行单肺通气前5 min静脉滴注依达拉奉0.5 mg/kg,C组以同等量生理盐水相同速度静脉注射.分别于设定的时间点采血进行血气分析,计算呼吸指数（RI）并记录患者术后留置气管导管时间、ICU病房留观时间及术后住院时间.结果 与T0时比较,两组T1时和T2时Pmean和RI升高,PaO2降低 （P〈0.05）;与C组比较,E组T1、T2时RI、Pmean降低和PaO2升高（P〈0.05）.且E组术后留置气管导管时间明显缩短.结论 单肺通气前静脉输注依达拉奉可减轻患者肺功能的损害,具有肺保护作用.     

Airway management during left-sided gastrobronchial fistula repair after esophagectomy for esophageal carcinoma: A case report

Rationale:Gastrobronchial fistula (GBF) is a rare but life-threatening complication of esophagectomy with gastric conduit reconstruction, and airway management during fistula repair is challenging. Here, we describe airway management in a patient undergoing left-sided GBF repair using video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery.Patient concerns:A 63-year-old man diagnosed with esophageal carcinoma underwent esophagectomy with reconstruction by gastric pull-up and tabularization of the gastric conduit. Subsequently, about 8 weeks later, the patient presented with repeated pneumonia and a 1-week history of cough with significant sputum, dysphagia, and repeated fever.Diagnosis:GBF, a rare postoperative complication, was located on the left main bronchus at 2 cm below the carina and was diagnosed based on findings from gastroscopy, flexible bronchoscopy, and thoracic computed tomography scan with contrast.Interventions:We performed left-sided one-lung ventilation (OLV) under total intravenous anesthesia instead of inhalational anesthetics. The left-sided OLV, with positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) and nasogastric tube decompression, generated positive pressure across the fistula. It prevented backflow into the left main bronchus. Total intravenous anesthesia preserved hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction and prevented adverse effects associated with inhalational anesthetics. A right-sided, double-lumen endotracheal tube was inserted after anesthesia induction, and surgical repair was performed through a right-sided video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery.Outcomes:Intraoperative hemodynamics remained relatively stable, except for brief tachycardia at 113 beats/min. Arterial blood gas analysis revealed pH 7.17 and PaO₂ 89.1 mmHg upon 100% oxygenation, along with hypercapnia (PaCO₂ 77.1 mmHg), indicating respiratory acidosis. During OLV, pulse oximetry remained higher than 92%. The defect in the left main bronchus was successfully sutured after dissecting the fistula between the left main bronchus and the gastric conduit, and subsequently, OLV resulted in ideal ventilation.Lessons:A left-sided GBF could lead to leakage from the OLV during surgery. Possible aspiration or alveolar hypoventilation due to this leakage is a major concern during airway management before surgical repair of the main bronchus.     

双侧肺同期手术中不同体位和单肺通气对病人呼吸力学的影响

目的观察双侧肺同期手术中体位改变和单肺通气时对病人呼吸力学的影响。方法选取我院2007年6月至2010年12月双侧肺同期手术病人142例,经气道旁路采用旁气流通气连续监测病人PIP、Pplat、Raw、Cdyn等呼吸力学指标,监测SpO2、PETCO2指标,分别在双腔支气管导管定位后,平卧改侧卧,单肺通气及改换通气方式后10 min抽取动脉血进行血气分析。结果病人双肺通气改变体位和单肺通气后,病人PIP、Pplat、Raw升高,Cdyn减少,PH值降低,PETCO2、PaCO2升高、SpO2、PaO2降低(P<0.05);双肺通气改换通气方式后,病人PIP、Pplat、Raw降低,Cdyn增加,PH值降低,PaO2、SpO2、PaCO2、PETCO2升高(P<0.05)。单肺通气38例病人改换通气方式后,病人PIP、Pplat、Raw降低,Cdyn增加,PH值、PaO2、SpO2升高,PaCO2、PETCO2降低(P<0.05)。结论双侧肺同期手术麻醉中不同体位和单肺通气对病人的呼吸力学影响较大,改换通气方式可改变病人呼吸力学指标。     

Nonintubated thoracoscopic lung resection: a 3-year experience with 285 cases in a single institution

Objective

Tracheal intubation with one-lung ventilation is considered mandatory for thoracoscopic surgery. This study reported the experience of thoracoscopic lung resection without endotracheal intubation in a single institution.

Methods

From August 2009 through July 2012, 285 consecutive patients were treated by nonintubated thoracoscopic surgery using epidural anesthesia, intrathoracic vagal blockade, and sedation for lobectomy, segmentectomy, or wedge resection in a tertiary medical center. The feasibility and safety of this technique were evaluated.

Results

The final diagnosis for surgery were primary lung cancer in 159 patients (55.8%), metastatic lung cancer in 17 (6.0%), benign lung tumor in 104 (36.5%), and pneumothorax in 5 (1.8%). The operative methods consisted of conventional (83.2%) and needlescopic (16.8%) thoracoscopic surgery. The operative procedures included lobectomy in 137 patients (48.1%), wedge resection in 132 (46.3%), and segmentectomy in 16 (5.6%). Collapse of the operative lung and inhibition of coughing were satisfactory in most of the patients. Fourteen (4.9%) patients required conversion to tracheal intubation because of significant mediastinal movement [5], persistent hypoxemia [2], dense pleural adhesions [2], ineffective epidural anesthesia [2], bleeding [2], and tachypnea [1]. One patient (0.4%) was converted to thoracotomy because of bleeding. No mortality was noted in our patients.

Conclusions

Nonintubated thoracoscopic lung resection is technically feasible and safe in selected patients. It can be a valid alternative in managing patients with pulmonary lesions.Key Words : Anesthesia, tracheal intubation, lobectomy, lung cancer, thoracoscopy, segmentectomy, wedge resection