地方高校青年教师职业忠诚现状及相关因素

目的了解地方高校青年教师的职业忠诚状况,并初步探讨影响其职业忠诚的因素。方法采用高校青年教师职业忠诚问卷、大学教师工作压力问卷、教师基本情况问卷对289名地方高校青年教师进行测评。结果①地方高校青年教师总体上有着良好的职业忠诚状况,有93.8%的被试至少1个因子得分超过3分,并受其教龄、职称(t=3.095,F=2.539;P0.01)的影响;②地方高校青年教师的工作压力对其职业忠诚有预测作用(F=61.41,P0.01)。结论地方高校青年教师职业忠诚良好但并不稳定,并与其教龄、职称和工作压力相关。     

湖南省高校青年专职心理咨询教师生活质量研究

目的:了解湖南省高校青年专职心理咨询老师生活质量.方法:采用生活质量综合评定问卷一74(GQOLI74)对44名高校青年专职心理咨询老师及52名对照样本高校其他部门青年教师进行横断面调查.结果:①高校青年专职心理咨询老师与高校其他部门青年教师的生活质量得分存在显著差异,前者的生活质量显著低于后者.②男性青年心理咨询老师在总分、躯体不适感因子、运动与感觉功能因子、生活质量总体评价因子、物质生活维度上的得分显著高于女性青年心理咨询老师.③量表的19个因子和性别变量进入生活质量总体评价因子的回归方程.结论:与高校其他部门青年教师相比,高校青年专职心理咨询老师生活质量水平及主观满意度偏低.     

高校青年教师的职业忠诚与生存质量及自我和谐

目的探讨高校青年教师的职业忠诚与其生存质量、自我和谐的关系。方法采用高校青年教师职业忠诚问卷、生存质量测定量表简表(WHOQOL-BREF)和自我和谐量表(SCCS)对289名高校青年教师进行测评。结果①多数高校青年教师(78.9%)认为自己的生存质量总体水平较好,他们的生存质量与职业忠诚(r=0.537,P0.01)及其多个因子相关显著;②高校青年教师的职业忠诚与自我和谐及各因子相关显著(r=0.566,0.329,0.621,0.230;P0.01)。结论高校青年教师职业忠诚状况良好,并与其生存质量、自我和谐相关。     

普通高校青年教师职业压力调查

目的 探讨普通高校青年教师职业压力的特点并分析原因.方法 采用前期研究所编制的《高校青年教师职业压力调查问卷》对3所普通高校的青年教师进行调查,并分析不同群体之间的差异.结果 ①高校青年教师的职业压力由大到小依次为:科研压力、教学压力、学生压力和人际压力;②在科研压力维度上,不同年龄段之间存在显著差异(t=-4.147,P＜0.01);③不同职称高校青年教师在科研压力方面存在显著差异(F=4.119,P＜0.01).结论 普通高校青年教师总体压力处于中度压力水平,科研压力相对较大.     

中学校长职业压力问卷的编制

目的编制中学校长职业压力问卷并检验其信效度。方法构建中学校长职业压力两因素模型,编制41个项目的初测问卷。随机抽取参加2012年江西省中学校长培训的54位成员作为预测样本,进行项目分析和探索性因素分析;另外随机抽取722位作为正式施测样本,用于进行验证性因素分析和信效度分析。结果探索性因素分析抽取了压力来源和压力反应两个因素,共18个项目,项目载荷在0.66~0.85之间,解释了总方差的63.450%;验证性因素分析表明问卷的两因素模型拟合良好,各拟合指数分别是χ2/df=2.66,SRMR=0.07,RMSEA=0.09,NFI=0.91,NNFI=0.93,CFI=0.94,IFI=0.94,RFI=0.90,GFI=0.85,AGFI=0.81;总问卷的Cronbachα系数为0.93,两个维度的α系数分别是0.93和0.91。结论在构建的心理维度模型上编制的中学校长职业压力问卷信效度良好。     

中小学教师职业压力、职业倦怠与心理健康研究

目的:了解中小学教师职业压力、职业倦怠与心理健康的状况并探讨其相互关系。方法:运用教师职业压力问卷、职业倦怠问卷和SCL-90对564名中小学教师进行调查。结果:教师职业压力各因子和职业倦怠的情绪衰竭、低个人成就感维度得分均高于2.5分;除了偏执、精神病性之外,被试在SCL-90各分量表上的因子分≥3的人数比例均高于4%,男女教师在人际敏感、敌对、精神病性和其他因子上存在显著差异,不同类型学校教师在除躯体化外各因子上均存在显著差异。职业压力的人际关系因子和职业倦怠总分及各维度与心理健康总分及各因子存在显著正相关。路径分析显示,职业压力和职业倦怠与心理健康间分别存在间接和直接的因果关系。结论:教师职业压力比较大、职业倦怠较为严重,心理健康水平较低。职业倦怠是职业压力和心理健康之间重要的相关因素。     

高校教育管理人员职业幸福的结构与测量

目的:探索高校教育管理人员职业幸福的心理结构、现状及影响因素。方法:以问卷调查的形式对415名江苏7所高校的教育管理人员的职业幸福进行研究与分析。结果:探索性因素分析表明,高校教育管理人员职业幸福包括职业满意、工作投入、职业认同、人际和谐、自我价值、成长发展等6个维度,验证性因素分析支持了这个模型(GFI=0.977,IFI=0.983,CFI=0.983,RMSEA=0.076,χ~2/df=2.669,P0.05),问卷的内部一致性系数α=0.879。教育管理人员的职业幸福处于中等偏上水平,其中人际和谐维度的得分最高(珚x=3.94),成长发展的得分最低(=3.04);不同性别、职务的教育管理人员的职业幸福差异显著(F=8.92,4.54;P0.05)。结论:高校教育管理人员职业幸福包含职业满意、工作投入、职业认同、人际和谐、自我价值、成长发展等6个维度,职业幸福问卷具有良好的信效度,高校教育管理人员职业幸福整体处于中等偏上水平;男性教育管理人员的职业幸福感显著高于女性,正科级的教育管理人员的职业幸福显著低于其他级别教育管理人员。     

高校青年教师职业忠诚与幸福感及社会支持

目的了解高校青年教师的职业忠诚状况,并分析其与主观幸福感、社会支持的关系。方法采用高校青年教师职业忠诚问卷、主观幸福感量表(MUNSH)和社会支持评定量表(SSRS)对289名地方高校青年教师进行测评。结果①高校青年教师的职业忠诚状况总体良好,并受其教龄、职称(t=3.095,F=2.775;P0.01)的影响;②高校青年教师的职业忠诚与主观幸福感各因子相关显著(r=0.38,0.36,-0.38,0.41,-0.38;P0.01);③高校青年教师的社会支持对其职业忠诚有显著预测作用(F=35.42,P0.01)。结论高校青年教师职业忠诚状况良好,并与其主观幸福感、社会支持相关。     

精神科护士职业压力源与自我控制的相关报告

目的:了解精神科护士职业压力源和自我控制的特点,并探索两者之间的关系。方法:选取89名精神科护士和67名非精神科的普通内科病房护士,均接受护士职业压力源与自我控制量表调查,比较两组研究对象的差异,并对研究组职业压力源和自我控制程度进行皮尔逊积差相关分析。结果:1研究组职业压力源调查,结果显示,排在前5项的压力源分别是:工作环境差、工资及其他福利待遇、病人不合作、担心工作中出现差错事故、工作量太大;2在工作环境及资源、病人护理、管理及人际关系维度上,精神科护士的职业压力要高于非精神科的普通内科病房护士,差异具有统计学意义(t=6.684,3.409,4.441;P0.05或0.01)。护理专业与工作、工作量及时间分配维度比较,差异未见统计学意义(t=1.282,0.090;P均0.05);3与非精神科的普通内科病房护士相比,精神科更善于自我控制,差异具有统计学意义(t=6.324,P0.05);4精神科护士职业压力源不同维度均与自我控制程度存在一定的相关,其中,管理及人际关系与自我控制呈显著性正相关(r=0.222,P0.05)。结论:与普通内科病房护士相比,精神科护士的压力更大,自我控制更强,有必要对精神科护士的心理压力予以关注。     

时间视角下工作价值观量表的结构分析

目的:探讨自主编制的工作价值观量表的因素结构。方法:分别抽取957名和910名不同属代,不同职业的被试接受工作价值观量表测试,并进行探索性因素分析和验证性因素分析。结果:时间视角下工作价值观量表包括38个项目,探索性因素分析提取5个因子,分别是压力小、内在价值、社会地位、外在价值以及家庭与生活。5因子累积解释方差变异的51.47%。验证性因素分析结果支持探索性因素分析的5因素模型,主要拟合指数χ~2/df=4.698,NFI=0.911,IFI=0.924,TLI=0.903,CFI=0.924,GFI=0.913,RMSEA=0.069。结论:时间视角下工作价值观量表因子结构清晰合理,既符合理论假设,又符合社会实际。     

Schizophrenia in a North Swedish geographical isolate, 1900–1977. Epidemiology, genetics and biochemistry

Over 200 schizophrenic patients belonging to three major and interrelated pedigree complexes have been investigated over the past 30 years in a North Swedish geographically isolated population, presently numbering about 6,000. An intensive investigation of a number of biochemical correlates and genetic markers in a few selected families belonging to one of the major pedigrees has indicated new strategies for the current research program.
Schizophrenia, as defined operationally, is significantly associated with decreased activities of two enzymes (1) blood platelet monoamine oxidase, (2) plasma dopamine-β-hydroxylase, and (3) with the genetic marker Gc² (group specific antigen). Both enzymes are subject to genetic variation. A positive score for linkage between schizophrenia and low plasma DBH activity has been calculated, but, so far, available data are insufficient for discrimination between linkage and partial contribution of genetically controlled low plasma DBH to the pathogenesis of the disease. Alternatively, both mechanisms could be involved.
As a model for continued research, schizophrenia is explained as based on a double dominant-recessive genotype (Aabb), representing a vulnerability which in about 50 % of cases develops into clinical schizophrenia. It is suggested that the dominant mutation (A) operates on or affects MAO activity, and that the recessive genotype (bb) is instrumental in low variates of DBH activity and very likely such variates within the normal range of physiological variation. Moreover, it is suggested that the combined effects of MAO- and DBH-reduced efficiency on the metabolism of e.g. dopamine could be an essential pathogenic mechanism for the schizophrenic illness which is segregating in this population.     

The dominant diseases of modernized societies as omega-3 essential fatty acid deficiency syndrome: Substrate beriberi

About 1900, modern food selection and processing caused widespread $\text{epidemics}$ of the B vitamin deficiency diseases of beriberi and pellagra which, for genetic reasons, often expressed as different diseases ranging from bowel and heart disease to dermatoses and psychoses. But the B vitamins merely help convert essential fatty acids (EFA) into the prostaglandin (PG) tissue regulators and it now turns out that, through hydrogenation, milling and selection of w3-poor southern foods, we have also been systematically depleting, by as much as 90%, a newly discovered trace Nordic EFA (w3) of special importance to primates and sole precursor of the PG3(4) series, even as a concurrent fiber deficiency increases body demand for EFA. Since substrate EFA is processed by many B vitamin catalysts, an EFA deficiency will mimic a $\text{panh}$ypovitaminosis B, i.e., a mixture of $\text{substrate}$ beriberi and $\text{substrate}$ pellagra resembling vitamin beriberi and pellagra but exhibiting as even more diverse $\text{endemic}$ disease. This would consitute a second stage of the Modern Malnutrition and explain why some workers now hold the dominant diseases of modermized societies to be new, nutritionally based, pellagraform yet lipid-related and to range, once again, from heart disease to psychosis. It is an assumption that our dominant diseases are unrelated to each other or are merely revealed by our diagnostic acumen and therapeutic success; and that hydrogenating millions of tons of food oils annually, to destroy the rancidity producing w3-EFA, is safe for $\text{primates}$. Extensive beriberiform disease is reported here in 32 typical cases taken from medical practice which responds strikingly to linseed oil supplements (60% w3-EFA) in confirmation of identical results in Capuchins.     

The universal muscular chain reaction,muscle spasm,Torsions, ruptures and extravasations. Chameleons of pathology and some manifestations of simple muscular disorders

Most bodily functions require the coordinated actions of complementary and supplementary paired muscle groups. Where this essential muscular cooperation is lacking, hollow organs may burst and others become literally screwed up, giving rise to many similar spastic diseases such as Torticollis, Twisted ovarian cyst, Torsion of the Testis, Volvulus of the intestines, Varicose Veins, Megacolon, Aortamegaly, Scoliosis, Erb's Palsy, Peyronie's Disease, Main-en-Griffe, Undescended Foot (Pes Cavus), Talipes, Strabismus. Spasm is “panenepidemic” and unclassified examples of Torsion Dystonia and Dyskinesia really are as common as debt and taxes.     

'Very sore nights and days': the child's experience of illness in early modern England, c.1580-1720

Sick children were ubiquitous in early modern England, and yet they have received very little attention from historians. Taking the elusive perspective of the child, this article explores the physical, emotional, and spiritual experience of illness in England between approximately 1580 and 1720. What was it like being ill and suffering pain? How did the young respond emotionally to the anticipation of death? It is argued that children’s experiences were characterised by profound ambivalence: illness could be terrifying and distressing, but also a source of emotional and spiritual fulfilment and joy. This interpretation challenges the common assumption amongst medical historians that the experiences of early modern patients were utterly miserable. It also sheds light on children’s emotional feelings for their parents, a subject often overlooked in the historiography of childhood. The primary sources used in this article include diaries, autobiographies, letters, the biographies of pious children, printed possession cases, doctors’ casebooks, and theological treatises concerning the afterlife.     

Guidelines for the Validation and Use of Immunoassays for Determination of Introduced Proteins in Biotechnology Enhanced Crops and Derived Food Ingredients

Recent advancements in agricultural biotechnology have created a need for analytical techniques to determine introduced proteins in crops enhanced through modern biotechnology techniques. These proteins are expressed in plant tissues and may be present in food ingredients. Immunoassays are ideally suited for protein detection and may be used as both quantitative and threshold methods. Microplate ELISA and lateral flow devices are two of the most commonly used immunoassay formats for agricultural biotechnology applications. This paper provides general background information and a discussion of criteria for the validation and application of immunochemical methods to the analysis of proteins introduced into plants and food ingredients using biotechnology methods. It is the result of a collaborative effort of members of the Analytical Environmental Immunochemical Consortium. This collaborative effort represents the combined expertise of several organizations to reach consensus on establishing guidelines for the validation and use of immunoassays. Further, the paper offers developers and users a consistent approach to adopting the technology as well as aid in producing accurate and meaningful results.     

Ultracryotomy: development and application (with examples from the yeast cytology) (author's transl)

The preparation steps usually necessary for obtaining ultrathin frozen sections of biological material (chemical prefixation, enclosing, cryoprotective treatment, freezing, sectioning, and post-staining the sections for transmission electron microscopy) are submitted to a critical analysis. The application of cryo-ultramicrotomy, in particularly for cytochemical purposes, is reviewed. Fundamental considerations of chemical prefixation and poststaining are supported by examples from yeast cytology. Furthermore, the efficiency of the cryo-ultramicrotomy (electron optical resolution of ultrastructural details) is demonstrated on yeast cells and protoplasts.     

Hypo- und Hypermagnesämie aus kardiologischer Sicht

Zusammenfassung Eine Reihe pathologischer Zustände bedingen Magnesiummangel. Zustände mit Hypermagnesämie sind ebenfalls bekannt, doch wesentlich seltener. Für den Kardiologen beachtenswert ist, daß unter Therapie mit bestimmten Diuretica bei Herzinsuffizienz, bei Herzinfarkt, Kardiomyopathie, Digitalisintoxikation und bestimmten Herzrhythmusstörungen Hypomagnesämie beobachtet wurde. Leider kann in der klinischen Routine nur ein extracelluläres Magnesiumdefizit durch Serumbestimmungen gemessen werden; über Magnesiummangel einzelner Organe kann nichts ausgesagt werden. Hinweise für Magnesiummangel geben aber neben der Messung des Serumspiegels Anamnese, klinischer Befund, bestimmte EKG-Veränderungen wie auch evtl. Hypokalämie, ein Zustand, bei dem sich oft — besonders bei Aldosteronismus — parallele Veränderungen zeigten.Tierexperimente deuten darauf hin, daß infarktähnliche Läsionen unter Magnesiummangel entstehen, doch ob Herzinfarkt beim Menschen durch Magnesiummangel ausgelöst werden kann, ist noch ungeklärt. In Leichenherzen zeigte sich im Infarktgebiet neben Calciumakkumulation signifikanter Magnesiumverlust, wobei unklar blieb, ob sich Ursache oder Folge des Infarktes widerspiegelten. Falls ein ursächlicher Zusammenhang besteht, ist er im Myokardstoffwechsel selbst zu suchen, wie bei der Alkoholkardiomyopathie, wo myokardialer Magnesiummangel zumindest als pathogenetischer Teilfaktor anerkannt wird. Andererseits versucht man aber auch Beziehungen zwischen Atherosklerose, Blutgerinnung und Hypomagnesämie herzustellen, in der Meinung, daß Magnesiummangel auch über den coronaren Pathomechanismus des Herzinfarktes wirken könnte. Sicher scheint, daß gewisse EKG-Veränderungen und Herzrhythmusstörungen durch einen irritierten Magnesiumhaushalt bedingt sein können, da sie bei Gabe bzw. Entzug von Magnesium verschwinden. Daß Magnesiummangel die Glykosidtoleranz verringert, wird tierexperimentell bestätigt. Unter Hypomagnesämie bewirkt Acetylstrophanthidin eher und länger Rhythmusstörungen als ohne, außerdem lassen diese sich durch Magnesiumgaben eliminieren. Da in gewissen Fällen spontane und digitalisinduzierte Herzrythmusstörungen durch Magnesiuminjektionen beseitigt wurden, scheint Magnesium als Therapeuticum angebracht. Einsatz verschiedener Magnesiumsalze bei Angina pectoris, degenerativen Herzerkrankungen und Herzinsuffizienz ohne geprüften und offensichtlich gestörten Magnesiumhaushalt ist fragwürdig, weil keine eindeutigen klinischen Erfolgsbeweise vorliegen. Immerhin mag es aber larvierte, durch Serumbestimmungen nicht erfaßbare Mangelzustände geben. Allgemein erscheint es aus kardiologischer Sicht ratsam, den Magnesiumhaushalt zu überwachen und in entsprechenden Fällen auszugleichen, um möglichen Myokardläsionen oder fatalen Herzrhythmusstörungen entgegenzuwirken.     

Renal dysplasia and asplenia in two sibs

A family is reported in which two sibs, one male and the other female, both died within 24 hours of birth with enlarged polycystic kidneys. Postmortem histology in the second child showed gross renal dysplasia. In both children the pancreas was enlarged, nodular and cystic but the liver appeared macroscopically normal. In the second child, histological examination confirmed pancreatic fibrosis with cystic dilation of ducts, but showed portal fibrosis with bile duct proliferation in the liver.
This combination of findings is very reminiscent of those in a girl and her brother reported by Ivemark et al. (1959). The children reported here also showed absence or hypoplasia of the spleen, cardiac anomalies and other features of the Ivemark syndrome (Ivemark 1955), a quite different, usually sporadic, congenital disorder. It is suggested that the children described here have a distinct lethal congenital disorder, probably inherited in an autosomal recessive manner.     

HLA in North Colombia Chimila Amerindians

HLA-A,-B,-C,-DRB1 and -DQB1 alleles have been studied in Chimila Amerindians from Sabana de San Angel (North Colombian Coast) by using high resolution molecular typing. A frequent extended haplotype was found:HLA-A*24:02-B*51:10-C*15:02-BRB1*04:07-DQB1*03:02 (28.7%) which has also been described in Amerinndian Mayos Mexican population (Mexico, California Gulf, Pacific Ocean). Other haplotypes had already been found in Amerindians from Mexico (Pacific and Atlantic Coast), Peru (highlands and Amazon Basin), Bolivia and North USA. A geographic pattern according to HLA allele or haplotype frequencies is lacking in Amerindians, as already known. Also, five new extended haplotypes were found in Chimila Amerindians. Their HLA-A*24:02 high frequencies characteristic is shared with aboriginal populations of Taiwan; also, HLA-C*01:02 high frequencies are found in New Zealand Maoris, New Caledonians and Kimberly Aborigines from Australia. Finally, this study may show a model of evolutionary factors acting and rising one HLA allele frequency (-A*24:02), but not in others that belong to the same or different HLA loci.