人芽囊原虫分子生物学检测和基因分型方法研究进展

人芽囊原虫是一种呈世界性分布的人类最常见的肠道寄生原虫之一。目前诊断人芽囊原虫感染的方法主要有病原学检测、免疫学检测和分子生物学检测，其中病原学检测、免疫学检测的结果不够稳定。分子生物学诊断技术为人芽囊原虫病的诊断提供了灵敏、特异、稳定的检测方法，且同时可鉴定人芽囊原虫基因亚型，为人芽囊原虫流行病学、基因型与疾病模式之间潜在的相关研究提供重要依据。基于芽囊原虫小亚基核糖体(SSU)rRNA基因的测序分析，目前共鉴定出28种芽囊原虫亚型(ST1-ST17、ST21、ST23-ST32),已在人类中发现了ST1-ST10、ST12、ST14和ST16共13个亚型。目前人芽囊原虫分子生物学检测及基因分型方法多种多样，本文就以上两方面简要概述近年来国内外相关的研究进展。     

人芽囊原虫的致病性与遗传多样性研究进展

人芽囊原虫是否具有致病性一直颇有争议，无论是流行病学研究还是实验动物研究均存在相互矛盾的结论。研究发现，人芽囊原虫具有广泛的遗传多样性，近年来，研究者用各种方法对此进行了研究。他们将人芽囊原虫分成不同的种群，并尝试探讨其遗传多样性与致病性的关系。该文就人芽囊原虫的致病性、遗传多样性及两者关系的研究进展进行了综述。     

洛阳市人芽囊原虫感染情况的调查

人芽囊原虫是一种广泛寄生在人体和灵长类动物肠道内的寄生原虫［１］，过去曾被误认为是对人体无害的酵母。近代许多研究表明，人芽囊原虫能引起人体肠道疾病，为了解洛阳地区人群感染人芽囊原虫的情况，采用直接涂片和碘染色法对部分洛阳市郊蔬菜种植区的３个自然村部分...     

人芽囊原虫的研究进展

人芽囊原虫长期被误认为是一种对人体无害的酵母。近代研究表明：人芽囊原虫是寄生在高等灵长类和人类肠道的寄生原虫，其致病性正日益受到重视。本文对人芽囊原虫分类地位与生物学特征、流行病学、临床表现和发病机制及药物治疗的研究进展加以综述。     

全球人群人芽囊原虫感染情况及基因亚型研究进展

人芽囊原虫（Blastocystis hominis）是一种寄生于人和动物肠道内且与多种胃肠道疾病（如腹痛、腹泻）密切相关的寄生虫。人芽囊原虫呈世界性分布,不同国家间甚至同一国家不同地区间流行率和优势基因亚型差异显著。本文对全球人群人芽囊原虫感染率、基因亚型及其地理分布进行综述,旨在为了解人芽囊原虫在全球流行情况和防控人芽囊原虫感染提供参考。     

人芽囊原虫形态学的观察

目的：观察人芽囊原虫的不同形态。方法：用生理盐水涂片、碘液染色和苏木素染色法对西藏阿里地区和新疆地区的小学生与腹泻病人肠道内人芽囊原虫进行调查。结果：发现人芽囊原虫形态多变，有空泡型、颗粒型、变形型和二分裂法生殖。结论：人芽囊原虫在肠道中可出现多种形态，但以空泡型为最常见占８４％，易与结肠内阿米巴和其它非致病阿米巴合并感染，且与患者的腹泻有一定关系。     

人芽囊原虫形态学的观察

目的：观察人芽囊原虫的不同形态。方法：用生理盐水涂片、碘液染色和苏木素染色法对西藏阿里地区和新疆地区的小学生与腹泻病人肠道内人芽囊原虫进行调查。结果：发现人芽囊原虫形态多变，有空泡型、颗粒型、变形型和二分裂法生殖。结论：人芽囊原虫在肠道中可出现多种形态，但以空泡型为最常见占８４％，易与结肠内阿米巴和其它非致病阿米巴合并感染，且与患者的腹泻有一定关系。     

人芽囊原虫感染动物模型构建研究进展

人芽囊原虫是一种常见的寄生于人和动物肠道内的寄生原虫,其致病性尚有争议。构建动物模型对于研究人芽囊原虫致病性、致病机制以及药物筛选等具有重要意义。实验动物、感染方式和虫体选择以及宿主免疫状态是影响人芽囊原虫感染动物模型构建的重要因素。本文综述了近年来人芽囊原虫感染动物模型的相关研究进展,阐述了构建人芽囊原虫感染动物模型的影响因素及其应用,旨在为动物感染模型选择提供借鉴。     

全球人群人芽囊原虫感染情况及基因亚型研究进展

人芽囊原虫(Blastocystis hominis)是一种寄生于人和动物肠道内且与多种胃肠道疾病(如腹痛、腹泻)密切相关的寄生虫。人芽囊原虫呈世界性分布,不同国家间甚至同一国家不同地区间流行率和优势基因亚型差异显著。本文对全球人群人芽囊原虫感染率、基因亚型及其地理分布进行综述,旨在为了解人芽囊原虫在全球流行情况和防控人芽囊原虫感染提供参考。     

美国《Emerging Infectious Diseases》2004年第7期有关人兽共患病论文摘译

人芽囊原虫(Blastocystis hominis)，是一种新近归属于芽囊原虫亚门的寄生于人和其它哺乳类动物的原虫，自上世纪80年代末被确认为人类和其它动物肠道内的致病性寄生虫以来，国内外学者对该虫备加关注并进行了深入的研究，特别是在光学、超微结构和生活周期等方面研究较多，而很少涉及该虫的传播，为了了解人芽囊原虫的传播途径及方式，我们对能携带多种病原体的杂食性媒介昆虫蜚蠊、家蝇等进行了带染人芽囊原虫的检测．现将检测方法和结果相告如下．     

Blastocystis hominis: an organism in search of a disease

Blastocystis hominis is a protozoan organism frequently found in the human intestinal tract. Eleven consecutive patients with symptoms of enteritis and having B. hominis as the sole enteropathogen were studied in an attempt to define the association of blastocystosis with clinical disease. B. hominis could not be implicated as the etiologic agent of enteritis in any of these patients. All eleven had alternative (and usually noninfectious) explanations for their intestinal symptoms. There was no correlation between resolution of symptoms and either antiprotozoal therapy or disappearance of B. hominis from the stools. All prior reports associating B. hominis with human disease have been reviewed and provide no convincing proof of a causal relation. B. hominis is rarely, if ever, a human pathogen, and treatment directed at the eradication of B. hominis is not indicated.     

人芽囊原虫感染合并其他疾病研究进展

人芽囊原虫是一种常见肠道寄生原虫,感染者一般无明显临床症状,少数感染者尤其是合并感染或免疫系统功能受损者可出现腹痛、腹泻、恶心、呕吐等症状,严重时可能危及生命。本文就人芽囊原虫合并感染其他病原体及其他疾病研究进展作一综述,为人芽囊原虫感染防控提供参考。     

3种培养基中芽囊原虫生长状况观察

目的观察芽囊原虫在不同培养基中的生长状况,筛选合适的芽囊原虫培养方法。方法将10份芽囊原虫阳性粪便分别接种至Jone’s液、vitro液、1640 3种培养基中培养,选取生长情况良好、虫密度高的一份粪便传代培养后等量接种至3种不同的培养基中,每24 h计数虫体数量一次,连续观察10 d,并观察芽囊原虫的形态学变化和生长情况。结果10份粪便分别接种至3种培养基中培养,48 h后发现1640和Jone’s液中的虫密度高于vitro液。同一份粪便接种至3种不同培养基中连续观察10 d,结果表明3种培养基中虫体生长呈规律变化,均在接种后3、6、9 d出现生长高峰;Jone’s液中芽囊原虫密度最高。vitro液中观察到的虫体形态最清晰,且富有活力;Jone’s液中能观察到虫体多种繁殖状态。结论Jone’s液适于芽囊原虫的生长繁殖,可作为首选培养基;vitro液可作为观察芽囊原虫生长情况的首选培养基。     

Cytopathic effects of Blastocystis hominis on Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) and adeno carcinoma HT29 cell cultures

Blastocystis hominis isolates from asymptomatic carriers and symptomatic patients were cultured in vitro , purified from the co-cultivated bacterial flora and tested for cytopathic effects on monolayers of Chinese Hamster Ovary (CHO) cells and Adeno Carcinoma HT29 cells. In the case of the CHO cells, living B. hominis cells and B. hominis cell lysates were able to cause significant cytopathic effects, which were dependent on the concentration of cells employed. Destruction of the cell monolayers was observed to the same extent with patient isolates derived from healthy or symptomatic B. hominis carriers. HT29 cells were less susceptible: B. hominis cells and cell lysates caused only minor effects which were not statistically significant. Culture filtrates of B. hominis exhibited cytopathic potential on CHO and HT29 cells; however, the control which consisted of filtrates from Robinson's cultures in which B. hominis failed to grow showed similar effects, too. Therefore the culture supernatants could not be proven to produce a specific cytopathic effect on CHO and HT29 cells.     

我国西南城市地区人芽囊原虫的流行病学特征

目的 了解我国城市地区人芽囊原虫的流行病学特征和基因型分布,为人芽囊原虫的防治提供科学参考依据。方法 在云南省昆明市4家哨点医院收集腹泻病例粪便样本1 121份,非腹泻人群粪便样本319份,使用结构化问卷收集研究对象基本信息,提取粪便基因组并采用PCR方法进行检查,对可疑阳性PCR产物进行测序,通过序列比对进行确诊,并通过进化树构建进行基因分型。结果 人芽囊原虫在全年龄组腹泻病例中检出率为4.2%;在女性腹泻人群中的检出率高于男性腹泻人群中的检出率(5.5%,2.9%;P=0.027,OR=1.98,95%CI=1.07-3.67);在不同年龄组腹泻人群中,人芽囊原虫的检出率没有差异(χ²=3.933,P=0.950);但具有明显季节分布特征(χ²=11.8,P<0.05);人芽囊原虫的检出率在城区、农村以及城乡结合部的腹泻人群中没有差异(χ²=2.427,P=0.297)。在腹泻人群和非腹泻人群中,人芽囊原虫I型基因型都占绝对优势。结论 人芽囊原虫依旧是西南城市地区感染人群的常见肠道寄生虫之一,感染主要以I型基因型为主,其致病性和基因型分布需持续研究和探索。     

Mycoplasma hominis wound infection after a vascular allograft

Cases of Mycoplasma hominis infections after allograft are rare. We report a case of M. hominis wound infection after a vascular allograft. The allograft was positive before having any contact with the recipient, and our investigation suggests that M. hominis may have been transmitted from the donor to the recipient. It is not clear, however, whether specific diagnosis of M. hominis should be performed on tissue before grafting in order to prevent such donor-to-host transmission.     

Herpetic whitlow as part of genital virus infection.

Lesions on fingers or hands caused by Herpesvirus hominis have in the past been attributed to inoculation with virus-containing oropharyngeal secretions. Often these "herpetic whitlows" were caused by H. hominis type 1 and occurred in medical personnel. A recent series of 13 recurrent "herpetic whitlows" yielded 11 isolates of H. hominis type 2 and only two of H. hominis type 1. None of the subjects was engaged in patient care, and none had oral or facial herpetic lesions. Nine of the 11 infections due to H. hominis type 2 were in females, and more than half were associated with genital herpetic lesions. Herpetic finger or hand lesions in adults appear to be a common part of genital virus infections caused by H. hominis type 2 and are not associated with infections acquired in hospitals or during primary gingivostomatitis.