海南省恶性疟原虫氯喹抗性相关基因pfcrt多态性分析

目的了解海南省恶性疟原虫产生氯喹抗性是否与pfcrt基因中的关键性点突变有关。方法对45份采自海南省恶性疟患者血样，采用套式PCR法分别扩增pfcrt基因中含有第76位和220位氨基酸的多态性片段，并对扩增产物进行限制性内切酶酶切分析，观察是否存在突变位点。结果45个样本中，pfcrt基因发生K76T点突变的样本有28个，其中20个是抗性株，8个是敏感株；全部样本的pfcrt基因第220位氨基酸均发生A220S点突变。结论我国海南株恶性疟原虫产生氯喹抗性与发生在pfcrt基因中的K76T点突变有一定的关联。     

云南恶性疟原虫氯喹抗药性基因76位点突变研究

目的研究云南恶性疟原虫氯喹抗药性基因（pfcrt）76位点突变的情况,以及与抗药性表现型的关系. 方法应用PCR和限制性酶切片段长度分析方法,检测现症病人干滤纸血样的恶性疟原虫pfcrt基因点突变. 结果 云南省恶性疟原虫pfcrt基因76位点的突变型很高,占85.0%（51/60）;野生型和混合型较少,分别占8.3%（5/60）和6.7%（4/60）.体内法测定的氯喹抗性和敏感样本均有pfcrt76突变型;体外法测定的17份氯喹抗性样本中,有13份带有pfcrt76突变型. 结论 云南省恶性疟原虫pfcrt基因氨基酸编码76位点突变频度很高.体内和体外法测定的氯喹抗性表现与pfcrt76突变型有较高的一致性.     

海南省恶性疟原虫氯喹抗性相关基因pfcrt多态性分析

目的了解海南省恶性疟原虫产生氯喹抗性是否与pfcrt基因中的关键性点突变有关。方法对45份采自海南省恶性疟患者血样,采用套式PCR法分别扩增pfcrt基因中含有第76位和220位氨基酸的多态性片段,并对扩增产物进行限制性内切酶酶切分析,观察是否存在突变位点。结果45个样本中,pfcrt基因发生K76T点突变的样本有28个,其中20个是抗性株,8个是敏感株;全部样本的pfcrt基因第220位氨基酸均发生A220S点突变。结论我国海南株恶性疟原虫产生氯喹抗性与发生在pfcrt基因中的K76T点突变有一定的关联。     

云南恶性疟原虫氯喹抗药性基因76位点突变研究

目的研究云南恶性疟原虫氯喹抗药性基因(pfcrt)76位点突变的情况,以及与抗药性表现型的关系。方法应用PCR和限制性酶切片段长度分析方法,检测现症病人干滤纸血样的恶性疟原虫pfcrt基因点突变。结果云南省恶性疟原虫pfcrt基因76位点的突变型很高,占85.0%(51/60);野生型和混合型较少,分别占8.3%(5/60)和6.7%(4/60)。体内法测定的氯喹抗性和敏感样本均有pfcrt76突变型;体外法测定的17份氯喹抗性样本中,有13份带有pf-crt76突变型。结论云南省恶性疟原虫pfcrt基因氨基酸编码76位点突变频度很高。体内和体外法测定的氯喹抗性表现与pfcrt76突变型有较高的一致性。     

中缅边境恶性疟原虫Pfcrt基因76位点突变研究

目的 检测分析中缅边境恶性疟原虫氯喹抗性基因(pfcrt)及其76位点氨基酸的突变情况。方法 采用巢式PCR方法扩增含76位点的pfcrt基因,并对扩增产物进行限制性内切酶及测序分析。结果 对恶性疟现症病人血样作pfcrt基因的巢式PCR扩增,目的基因片段(145 bp)检出率为74.05%(117/158),对PCR扩增阳性的产物进行RELP分析,检查突变型酶切片段,突变率为95.73%(112/117)。 结论 恶性疟原虫pfcrt基因可以作为一个分子标记用于监测中缅边境地区恶性疟原虫的氯喹抗性。     

恶性疟原虫海南分离株pfmdr1基因与氯喹抗性的相关性分析

目的了解海南省恶性疟原虫pfmdr1基因同氯喹抗性的关系。方法采用套式PCR技术特异性扩增pfmdr1基因含有编码第86位、1042位和1246位氨基酸的基因片段,并对扩增产物进行RFLP分析。结果42个样本中,pfmdr1第86位氨基酸均未发生突变,即86位氨基酸是野生型的Asn,而不是突变型的Tyr。第1246位氨基酸发生突变的样本共有7个,全部为抗性虫株。第1042位点PCR扩增结果阳性的37个样本中突变的样本共有10个,其中9个为抗性虫株,一个为敏感虫株。结论我国海南省恶性疟原虫氯喹抗性产生与pfmdr186位氨基酸基因多态性无关,但第1042和1246位氨基酸的突变更易在抗性虫株中检出。     

用pfcrt点突变基因检测技术检测恶性疟原虫氯喹抗药性的初步研究

目的　建立一种恶性疟原虫氯喹抗药性基因pfcrt点突变的检测方法,以判断是否存在氯喹抗药性。方法　根据恶性疟原虫pfcrt基因序列设计巢式PCR引物,以恶性疟原虫DNA为模板扩增出一条包含第76位密码子的DNA片段;扩增产物经限制性内切酶Apo I消化,用琼脂糖凝胶电泳观察恶性疟原虫pfcrt等位基因是否为突变型。结果　31份样本经巢式PCR扩增均出现14 0 bp左右的特异性片段。酶切消化后,9份滤纸血样本中有4例出现1条14 0 bp左右的片段,为突变型pfcrt等位基因,其余5份出现97bp与4 8bp两种酶切片段,为野生型pfcrt等位基因;2 2份血涂片样本中有10份突变型,突变率为4 5 .16 %。14例突变样本中,有1例体内实验氯喹治疗有效。结论　巢式PCR- RFL P法可以快速、高效的检测恶性疟原虫pfcrt基因76位密码子的点突变,并且能够初步应用于恶性疟原虫氯喹抗药性的鉴别。     

恶性疟原虫氯喹抗性的研究进展

恶性疟原虫氯喹抗药性的产生是一个多基因、多因素作用的复杂过程。该文通过对恶性疟原虫氯喹抗性产生机制以及与抗性相关的pfmdr1基因、pfcrt基因和cg2基因等的研究进展进行综述。探讨氯喹抗性产生的机制，为恶性疟原虫氯喹抗性机制的研究及新药设计提供参考。     

套式PCR检测恶性疟原虫Pfcrt基因76号编码多态性及RFLP分析

目的 检测恶性疟原虫氯喹抗性转运基因（Pfcrt)76编码多态性及其用该多态性显示恶性疟原虫对氯喹反应性进行评价。方法 用套式PCR／RFLP技术检测现场采集的滤纸血滴上恶性疟原虫crt基因76编码的赖氨酸野生型多态性及苏氨酸突变型多态性,并对恶性疟原虫的氯喹反应性进行体内法测定。结果 34份滤纸血样中,32份的恶性疟原虫crt基因76号编码为苏氨酸（突变型）,突变型比例为94．12％;34份血样中21份做氯喹抗性体内观察,该21个病例中14份血样恶性疟原虫crt基因76号编码为突变型,体内法观察同样显示恶性疟原虫对氯喹有抗性,两种方法显示恶性疟原虫对氯喹有抗性的符合率为66．67％。结论 套式PCR／RFLP检测Pfcrt基因76号编码多态性,其方法简便、快速,但其多态性对氯喹反应性的提示尚需进一步评价。     

中国恶性疟原虫氯喹抗药性相关基因Pfcrt 72-76位点基因型分析

目的了解我国云南和海南恶性疟原虫分离株Pfcrt基因72-76位点基因型,并分析该位置不同基因型与恶性疟原虫对氯喹敏感性的关系。方法从我国恶性疟流行区云南和海南省采集恶性疟现症患者血样,根据恶性疟原虫Pfcrt基因序列设计引物,进行巢式PCR扩增和测序。采用WHO制定的体外微量法测定同批血样中恶性疟原虫对氯喹的敏感性。结果云南、海南省恶性疟原虫Pfcrt基因第72-76位编码的氨基酸单元型在氯喹敏感株均为CVMNK。其中海南的氯喹抗性株Pfcrt基因第72-76位编码的氨基酸为单一的CVIET单元型,云南氯喹抗性株中除一株为CVIKT,另1株为SVMNT外,均为CVIET单元型。结论我国云南、海南省恶性疟原虫氯喹敏感株Pfcrt基因第72-76位编码的氨基酸基因型为CVMNK。抗性株主要为CVIET型,Pfcrt基因第72-76位编码氨基酸基因型可作为氯喹抗性分子标志。     

青少年高血压的研究进展

随着人们生活和行为方式的改变,高血压发病明显呈年轻化趋势。在青少年时期识别高血压病高危人群有助于早期进行有效干预和治疗,降低未来高血压的发生率及其严重性。现试从青少年高血压的诊断、发病因素、特点、治疗策略等方面的研究进展作一综述。     

C·肉毒杀鼠素(冻干剂)应用研究

目的为研究C·肉毒杀鼠索对杀灭达乌尔黄鼠(简称黄鼠)的大面积应用情况和对家畜、家禽的毒害作用,进行了C·肉毒杀鼠素的应用研究.方法大面积投毒采用ES-2药饵撒播机[1],间隔约80m进行条投.羊、鸡采用直接灌胃.结果大面积应用的灭鼠率为83.72%.对羊、鸡最高剂量分别为500万MLD、150万MLD,均未出现中毒现象.结论 C·肉毒杀鼠素是较为理想的草原大面积杀灭黄鼠的理想、首选药物.     

Morbidity in cardiovascular diseases in immigrants in Sweden

INTRODUCTION: Although immigration to Sweden has increased in the last few decades, the incidence rates of cardiovascular disease and coronary heart disease in immigrants are unknown. The aim of the present study is to estimate whether place of birth affects the incidence rates of cardiovascular disease and coronary heart disease. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The study was designed as a follow-up study on morbidity in cardiovascular disease and coronary heart disease between 1 January 1997 and 31 December 1998, including three and a half million persons with age range 35-64 years, of whom 550 000 were born abroad, from the database MigMed consisting of the whole Swedish population. Incidence rates and relative risks were estimated by indirect standardization and a proportional hazard model. RESULTS: The age-adjusted risk of coronary heart disease was higher in most foreign-born groups than in Swedes. For example, in nine of 12 male groups, the relative risks varied between 1.1 and 2.2, and in seven of 12 female groups, the relative risks varied between 1.4 and 2.5. When also adjusting for level of education and employment status, the risks were still high, but on a lower level. CONCLUSIONS: Foreign-born people possess an over-risk of cardiovascular or coronary heart disease(CVD/CHD) compared with Swedish-born persons, also when level of education and employment status are taken into account.     

高龄老年高血压的临床研究进展

随着社会老龄化进程的加快,80岁以上高龄老人的绝对数量以及占总人口的比例均在增加,如何提高高龄老年高血压的防治水平备受关注。现试从高龄老年高血压的临床特点、治疗策略等方面的临床研究进展作一综述。     

中国老年性耳聋的研究与干预进展

老年性耳聋已成为影响我国老年人生活质量的最主要的慢性病之一。助听器是目前帮助听力损失的老年人克服交流障碍的主要手段。在我国,数字助听器已逐渐取代模拟助听器并且体现出了更好的效果。但是老年听力损失患者中使用助听器的比例仍然很小。人工耳蜗植入也已被应用在老年患者中。我国针对老年人的听力康复服务还有较长的路要走。     

Epstein-Barr virus in malignancies in renal transplant recipients in Japan

A role for Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) in the development of malignancies including lymphomas, and carcinoma of the stomach, nasopharynx, thymus and salivary gland is suggested. It is indicated that EBV evokes polyclonal-B-cell-proliferative diseases in immunocompromised hosts, such as transplant patients, which results in monoclonal malignant lymphomas. The suppression of immune functions in these patients is thought to lead to incomplete elimination of the cells expressing EBV latent infection genes. To examine the etiological role of EBV in the development of malignancies following renal transplant in Japan, 42 malignancies in 1744 cases of renal transplant were studied for the presence and type of EBV. The polymerase chain reaction revealed that 5 malignancies were positive for EBV, all type A: 2 of 2 cases of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL), 2 of 8 cases of gastric adenocarcinoma of the common type, and 1 of 2 cases of gastric plasmacytoma. In situ hybridization revealed positive signals in the nucleus of tumor cells in 2 cases of NHL and 1 of plasmacytoma. Positive signals were found in the small lymphoid cells but not in the tumor cells in 2 cases of gastric carcinoma. On the basis of these findings, a role for EBV in the development of malignancies in renal transplant patients is unlikely except for lymphoid neoplasias.Abbreviations PCB polymerase chain reaction - EBV Epstein-Barr virus - NHL non-Hodgkin's lymphoma     

糖尿病大鼠心室肌细胞钾通道的改变

目的研究糖尿病大鼠心室肌细胞钾通道的改变及增加葡萄糖代谢对其的作用。方法取体重150～200g的雄性SpragueDawley大鼠,腹腔注射链脲菌素(STZ)建立糖尿病模型,采用酶解法获得单个心室肌细胞,应用膜片钳全细胞记录技术记录钾电流。结果糖尿病大鼠心室肌细胞瞬间外向性钾流(Ito)密度较对照组显著降低[ 60mV时,分别为(15.90±1.19)pA/pF(n=25)和(28.55±0.97)pA/pF(n=12),P<0.001];分别用100nmol/L胰岛素及1.5mmol/L二氯乙酸在体外预处理心室肌细胞4～5h和3～4h使Ito密度恢复至对照组水平[ 60mV时,分别为(29.40±0.38)pA/pF(n=20)和(27.35±0.97)pA/pF(n=12)]。结论糖尿病大鼠心室肌细胞钾通道功能发生改变,增加葡萄糖代谢可逆转这一改变,提示葡萄糖代谢与Ito功能间存在一定关系。     

Sex Differences in Ethanol-induced Dopamine Release in Nucleus Accumbens and in Ethanol Consumption in Rats

In vivo microdialysis was used to examine changes in nucleus accumbens and striatal dopamine, dihydrophenylacetic acid (DO-PAC), and homovanillic acid (HVA) following acute administration of ethanol (0.0, 0.25, 0.5, 1.0, or 2.0 g/kg) in male and female Long-Evans rats. Following dialysis, rats were trained to bar-press for oral ethanol reinforcement. In nucleus accumbens, females showed significant increases in extracellular dopamine following 0.25 or 0.5 g/ kg ethanol, but did not show significant increases over baseline at the higher doses. Males showed slight increases in dopamine at the lower doses and decreased dopamine at 2.0 g/kg. In striatum, both sexes showed increased dopamine at the lower doses and decreased dopamine at 2.0 g/kg. There were slight increases in nucleus accumbens DOPAC and HVA at some doses in both sexes, but no changes in striatal metabolite levels. In addition to showing increased responsiveness to ethanol-induced mesolimbic dopamine stimulation, females consumed more ethanol than males during behavioral testing. The pattern of both greater ethanol-induced nucleus accumbens dopamine release and greater ethanol consumption in females supports the hypothesis that ethanol reward is mediated, at least in part, by the mesolimbic dopamine system.