绵阳市市售蔬菜有机磷农药残留检测结果分析

目的 了解绵阳市市售蔬菜有机磷农药残留情况.方法 全部样品按照GB/T5009.20-2003的方法进行6种有机磷农药的残留检测.结果 2009～2010共检测蔬菜138份,有机磷农药残留总超标率为37.68％,其中叶菜类、根茎类、瓜果蔬菜类和食用菌类超标率分别为51.85％、41.67％、28.13％和25％.不同种类蔬菜超标率差异有统计学意义(x2=8.68,P＜ 0.01).结论 绵阳市蔬菜中有机磷农药残留情况较为严重,应加强农药残留的监测工作,推广无公害水果蔬菜.     

泰州市叶菜类蔬菜农药残留研究

[目的]了解泰州市区叶菜类蔬菜中农药残留状况.[方法]从泰州市区农贸市场及防虫网蔬菜试验基地采集了10种40份叶菜类蔬菜样本,参照GB/T5009.20-2003《食品中有机磷农药残留量的测定》、GB/T5009.146《植物性食品中有机氯和拟除虫菊酯类农药多种残留量的测定》检测有机磷及拟除虫菊酯类农药残留水平.按GB18406.1-2001《农产品安全质量无公害蔬菜安全要求》进行评价.[结果]2003～2004年度泰州市区叶菜类蔬菜中农药残留超标率为37.5%,氧化乐果、甲胺磷、马拉硫磷均有检出,敌敌畏、乙酰甲胺磷超过最高残留限量.卷心菜、韭菜、菠菜等3种蔬菜的农药残留超标率较大白菜等其他7种蔬菜农药残留超标率高,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）;防虫网蔬菜农药残留超标率较非防虫网蔬菜的农药残留超标率低,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）.[结论]泰州市区叶菜类蔬菜中农药残留状况亟待提高,农药的生产管理、正确安全使用以及流通营销监管均不能掉以轻心,政府和有关部门必须高度重视.     

2012年绵阳市蔬菜水果粮食中有机磷农药残留检测结果分析

目的了解2012年绵阳市蔬菜、水果和粮食中16种有机磷农药残留量,为食用农产品的监管提供科学依据。方法从绵阳市各类超市、农贸市场和农户随机购买样品,采用NY/T761-2008气相色谱法进行分析,根据GB2763-2012《食品中农药最大残留限量》判定。结果 138份蔬菜、水果和粮食样品中16种有机磷农药残留全部合格样品116份,总合格率为84.1%。有机磷农药残留量检出率分别为粮食11.1%,蔬菜57.8%和水果33.3%,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。有机磷农药残留超标率分别为蔬菜16.7%、水果16.7%和粮食11.1%,其中茎叶花菜类35.0%。不同季节样品有机磷农药残留检出率和超标率差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。超市、农贸市场和农户3种不同来源样品有机磷农药残留量超标率差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。结论 2012年绵阳市蔬菜、水果和粮食中有机磷农药残留均有检出,茎叶花菜类蔬菜中农药残留情况较为严重。     

2011-2013年遂宁市蔬菜中农药残留状况调查

摘要:目的　了解遂宁市蔬菜中农药残留情况,为政府部门制定农药问题相关措施提供科学依据。方法　于2011年-2013年从遂宁市5个区县农贸市场和超市采集136份蔬菜样品。采用NY/T 761-2008《蔬菜和水果中有机磷、有机氯、拟除虫菊酯和氨基甲酸酯农药多残留的检测》进行农药的残留检测,检测结果依据GB 2763-2014《食品中农药最大残留限量》进行判定。结果　136份蔬菜的农残检出率和超标率分别为54.4%和13.2%,不同类别的蔬菜均有超标。超标率最高的蔬菜为叶菜类（20.0%）,超标率最高的农药种类为有机磷类（11.0%）。不同年份,不同种类农药检出率和超标率差异均有统计学意义（P＜0.05）,不同种类蔬菜的超标率差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）。结论　遂宁市蔬菜中农药使用普遍,叶菜类蔬菜农药残留较为严重,应加强种植和销售环节的监管,降低农药残留对人体的危害。     

绵阳市2010-2012年蔬菜、水果和粮食中农药残留量分析

目的了解近3年绵阳市蔬菜、水果和粮食中农药残留量情况,为其质量的监管提供科学依据。方法从绵阳市各类超市、农贸市场和农户随机购买样品,采用NY/T761-2008气相色谱法进行分析,根据GB 2763-2012《食品安全国家标准食品中农药最大残留限量》判定。结果 3年共检测样品507份,合格率为70.81%。蔬菜、水果和粮食中农药残留超标率差异无统计学意义(χ2=0.711,P0.05)。不同来源样品农药残留超标率差异无统计学意义(χ2=5.837,P0.05)。不同季节样品中农药残留超标率差异有统计学意义(χ2=16.976,P0.05),其中夏秋季样品中农药残留超标率相对较高。3年对比样品中农药残留超标率差异无统计学意义(χ2=13.707,P0.05)。结论 2010-2012年绵阳市蔬菜、水果和粮食中农药残留合格率不高,检测的四大类农药以有机磷农药残留超标情况最为严重,相关部门应采取切实有效的措施进行监督和检测。     

2012年曲靖市蔬菜中农药残留情况

目的 了解曲靖市市售蔬菜中拟除虫菊酯类、有机磷类农药的残留现状.方法 随机抽取80份蔬菜样品,按照国家标准检测方法GB/T 5009.145-2003和GB/T 5009.146-2003进行农药残留检测;依据GB 2763-2005《食品中农药最大残留限量》进行限量值评价.结果 检出阳性农药13种,4种超标,分别为氯氟氰菊酯、敌敌畏、甲胺磷、毒死蜱.拟除虫菊酯总检出率52.5％,超标率2.5％;有机磷类农药总检出率23.75％,超标率6.25％.结论 该市蔬菜农药残留现象不容乐观,拟除虫菊酯类农药检出率较高,应加强农药残留监测,保证市民食用蔬菜的安全.     

西安市市售叶类蔬菜有机氯和拟除虫菊酯类农药残留情况分析

目的了解西安市市售叶类蔬菜有机氯和拟除虫菊酯类农药残留情况。方法 2007—2008年分4个季度分别在西安市的5个大型蔬菜批发市场和5家大型超市采集8种市售叶类蔬菜,用气相色谱法对蔬菜的15种农药进行检测,依据GB2763—2005《食品中农药最大残留限量》对检测结果评定。结果样品农药检出率为9.8%(465/4725),农药超标率为1.2%(57/4725),其中4个季度蔬菜的农药检出率差异有统计学意义(χ2=45.52,P0.05),但超标率差异无统计学意义(χ2=20.01,P0.05),在市场和超市采集的蔬菜的农药检出率(χ2=8.56,P0.05)和超标率(χ2=7.98,P0.05)差异无统计学意义,有机氯类农药的检出率(χ2=23.53,P0.05)和超标率(χ2=19.76,P0.05)均高于拟除虫菊酯类农药,不同种蔬菜的农药检出率(χ2=114,P0.05)和超标率(χ2=44,P0.05)差异有统计学意义,其中韭菜、芹菜的农药检出率和超标率相对较高。结论大部分西安市市售叶类蔬菜的有机氯和拟除虫菊酯类农药残留符合GB2763—2005标准要求。     

绵阳市蔬菜中有机磷农药残留量调查

[目的]了解绵阳市蔬菜中16种有机磷农药残留量及其分布规律,为制定切实有效的预防控制措施提供科学依据。[方法]从绵阳市各类超市、农贸市场和农户购买蔬菜样品,采用气相色谱法进行分析。[结果]蔬菜中有机磷农药残留超标率为30.7%,其中鲜豆类超标率为50%。16种农药中以甲基对硫磷超标率最高,为22%。3种不同来源蔬菜中农药残留超标率差异无统计学意义(P﹥0.05)。[结论]绵阳市蔬菜中有机磷农药残留合格率不高,相关部门应采取切实有效的措施进行监督和检测。     

过滤水和食用冰块中微生物污染状况

目的 了解食品加工用过滤水和食用冰块的微生物污染状况,为加强过滤水和食用冰块的关键控制点和危害性分析(HACCP)管理提供科学依据.方法 于2006年9-12月,采集长春市某连锁西餐厅过滤水和食用冰块样本.参照《生活饮用水卫生规范》(2001)对样本中的细菌总数、总大肠菌群和粪大肠菌群指标进行检测和评价.结果 第3季度共检测过滤水样37件,细菌总数、总大肠菌群、粪大肠菌群超标率分别为37.8%,32.4%,13.5%.7-9月过滤水中总大肠菌群超标率间比较,差异有统计学意义(x2=14.866,P＜0.01).第4季度共检测过滤水样21件,细菌总数、总大肠菌群和粪大肠菌群均未超标.第4季度过滤水样中细菌总数、总大肠菌群超标率均低于第3季度,差异有统计学意义(细菌总数:x2=8.510,P＜0.01;总大肠菌群:x2=8.588,P＜0.01).第3季度共检测食用冰块样本37件,细菌总数、总大肠菌群超标率分别为48.6%,24.3%;粪大肠菌群均未超标.第4季度共检测食用冰块样本21件,细菌总数超标2件,超标率为9.5%;总大肠菌群和粪大肠菌群均未超标.第4季度食用冰块样品中细菌总数、总大肠菌群超标率均低于第3季度,差异有统计学意义(细菌总数:x2=9.077,P＜0.01;总大肠菌群:x2=6.046,P＜0.05).结论 过滤水和食用冰块存在不同程度微生物污染,建议对受总大肠菌群污染的过滤水点进行动态监测,以寻找危害分析的关键控制点.     

市售蔬菜中拟除虫菊酯农药监测

目的 研究2008年深圳市光明新区蔬菜中拟除虫菊酯农药残留状况. 方法2008年的3月、6月、9月和12月,分别从深圳市光明新区所管辖的公明和光明2个街道内9个蔬菜销售市场采集了市售各种蔬菜,经过提取、净化和浓缩后,采用气相色谱法检测拟除虫菊酯类农药的残留量,按照GB 18406.1-2001对残留量进行评价. 结果2008年共抽样检测样品120份,其中有29份样品检出拟除虫菊酯类农药(24.2%),2份超标(1.7%).叶菜类、果实类和其他类别的检出率差异无统计学意义(χ2=0.178,P=0.915),氯氰菊酯检出最高(15.8%),农贸市场和大型超市之间的检出率差异无统计学意义(χ2=1.055,P=0.304).计算得到氯氰菊酯的标准人日每公斤体重摄入量为0.00111 mg/kg·bw. 结论深圳市光明新区蔬菜中拟除虫菊酯类农药的残留量处于安全水平.     

Benzene in blood and phenol in urine in monitoring benzene exposure in industry

Determinations of benzene concentration in blood and of phenol in urine were made by head-space gas chromatography techniques on samples taken near the end of the work day from two groups of workers potentially exposed to low levels of benzene in the work-place atmosphere. Preliminary results suggest that benzene in blood is more reliable than phenol tests for assessing both exposure and uptake of benzene. Normal values of phenol in urine (10 mg/liter or less) were found in nearly all those cases in which benzene was detected in the blood.     

2019年中国肿瘤流行病学研究进展

恶性肿瘤已成为中国居民的主要死因之一。近些年来,中国政府积极推进肿瘤预防和控制领域的研究工作,取得了很大的进步。本文简要汇总中国在肿瘤流行病学领域的研究进展,具体包括2019年的肿瘤负担、癌症危险因素及其干预、筛查和早期发现、癌症防治专项行动(2019-2022年)方案等方面,以期为我国肿瘤防治工作的有效开展提供技术支撑和理论依据。     

芜湖地区儿童隐孢子虫病调查

1989年5月~9月,对安徽省芜湖市五所医院儿科就诊的腹泻患儿进行隐孢子虫病调查。粪检腹泻患儿3 498人,卵囊检出率1.9%。男女检出率无差异;6个月内的患儿中未检出卵囊阳性者;86.2%的卵囊阳性者分布于7个月~4岁年龄段;乡村患儿的卵囊检出率2倍于城市患儿;病例呈高度散发状态;卵囊检出率从6月下旬开始上升,在本调查中,92.5%的病例分布于6月下旬~9月。所见病例,从临床表现到大便性状均无特殊,且均呈自限性,病程似较文献报道者为短。     

谈神经内科医院感染危险因素及护理对策

目的：了解引起神经内科住院患者医院感染的危险因素，采取有效的护理措施，以降低医院感染的发生率和死亡率。方法：结合多年临床经验，对医院感染不同的危险因素进行分析及提出护理对策。结论：神经内科医院感染发病率较高，获得途径以外源为主，针对主要危险因素的发生原因，我们应加强病房管理，严格执行消毒隔离制度，合理应用抗生素，加强基础护理和健康教育，缩短住院天数，以降低神经内科医院感染的发病率。     

Musculoskeletal pain in ragpickers in a southern city in Brazil

BACKGROUND: Ragpickers are informal workers who collect recyclable materials to earn a small wage. Their life and working conditions are extremely precarious. The ergonomic hazards and musculoskeletal pain in a sample of ragpickers in Pelotas, a city in southern Brazil are examined. METHODS: Two comparison groups were available: a matched sample of non-ragpickers from the same poor neighborhoods, and a random sample of the general population of the city. The cross-sectional study gathered data by interview on 990 individuals in 2004. Musculoskeletal pain was assessed using the Standardized Nordic Questionnaire. RESULTS: Ragpickers reported higher prevalences for most awkward postures and ergonomic exposures compared to neighbors with other demanding manual jobs. The prevalence within the last 12 months of low back pain (LBP), lower extremity pain (LEP), and upper extremity pain (UEP) among ragpickers were 49.2%, 45.1%, and 34.9%, respectively; levels similar to those reported by neighborhood controls. Both ragpickers and non-ragpickers reported considerably higher ergonomic exposures, and more prevalent LBP, than the general population. CONCLUSIONS: Ragpickers experience many occupational hazards and ergonomic stressors. Their overall prevalence of musculoskeletal pain was similar to a comparison group with other physically demanding manual jobs. For LBP, this prevalence was substantially higher (49% vs. 35%) than in the general population.     

张家港市从业人员肠道沙门菌检测

目的了解张家港市区从业人员沙门菌属的带菌情况及流行趋势,以有效控制相关传染病的发生。方法对张家港市2005-2009年121 370名进行健康体检的从业人员肛拭样品沙门菌检测结果进行分析结果共检出沙门菌菌株373株,总检出率为0.31%,2005-2009年沙门菌检出率分别为0.52%、0.37%、0.24%、0.22%和0.23%,夏秋季沙门菌的检出率明显高于冬春季（χ2=140.503,P〈0.01）,从检出的373株沙门菌的血清型分布情况看,该地区主要以B、C、E群为多见,血清型以德尔卑占优势,其次为山夫登堡、罗米他。结论 2005-2009年张家港市从业人员沙门菌检出率呈逐年下降趋势,且有明显季节区别。     

Correlation among cadmium levels in river sediment, in rice, in daily foods and in urine of residents in 11 prefectures in Japan

Objective: The objective of this study is to examine if overall correlation exists among cadmium levels (Cd) in the general environment, dietary Cd intake, and Cd body burden of local residents. Methods: Eleven prefectures in Japan were selected as the areas where large-scale data on Cd levels in urine of adult women (40–49 and 50–59 years of age, respectively) were available to calculate geometric mean (GM) values for each of the prefecture. Other data were cited from published or previously established databases on Cd in the sediments of river bottoms (as a representative of Cd in the environment), Cd in rice for local consumption, and Cd in daily food duplicate samples collected from local women populations, and calculated for GM values for the prefectures. The GM values were subjected to correlation matrix and regression analysis. Results: Marginally significant (P<0.10) correlation was detected between Cd in sediment and Cd in rice. Furthermore, correlation of Cd in sediment was significant with Cd in total foods (P<0.05) and possibly with Cd in urine (P<0.05–0.10). Importance of data on Cd in rice paddy soil as a missing link is discussed. Conclusions: Correlation was demonstrated in the flow of Cd transport from the environment (expressed as Cd contents in river sediments) to humans (in terms of Cd in urine) among general populations in Japan.     

2003年汕头市住院婴儿住院情况分析

目的调查住院婴儿疾病分布情况。方法利用SAS8．0对汕头市2003年住院婴儿2923例病例进行统计分析。结果婴儿住院的病因包括：早产、新生儿窒息、呼吸道及消化道感染、新生儿黄疸以及先天性疾病等；造成婴儿死亡的前5位病因主要是出生窒息、窘迫、先天性肺炎、新生儿吸人性肺炎以及先天性心脏畸形；婴儿的住院时间越长，入院情况越危急，受到医院感染的机会越大；入院婴儿平均住院日为7．089天，平均住院费用3717．834元。结论婴儿发病入院主要由于先天性疾病以及后天感染，这是家庭及社会进行婴儿健康干预与促进的重点。     

Changes in social inequalities in health in the Basque Country

STUDY OBJECTIVE: To determine the extent of the inequalities in self reported health between socioeconomic groups and its changes over time in the Basque Country (Spain). DESIGN: Cross sectional data on the association between occupation, education and income and three health indicators was obtained from the Basque Health Surveys of 1986 and 1992. Representative population samples were analysed. In 1986 the number of respondents was 24 657 and in 1992, 13 277. SETTING: Basque Country, Spain. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The effect of socioeconomic position on health and the magnitude of social inequalities in health were quantified using the odds ratios based on logistic regression analysis, and the Relative Index of Inequality. RESULTS: As was expected, social inequalities in self reported health existed in both surveys, but the social gradient was greater in 1992. Social differences varied according to gender and health indicator. According to education an increase in social inequalities was observed consistently in all the health indicators except long term conditions in women. A consistent increase in inequalities in limiting longstanding illness was also observed according to all socioeconomic indicators. CONCLUSIONS: These results agree to a large extent with those of previous studies in other countries. In this context the unequal distribution of material circumstances and working conditions between socioeconomic groups seem to play a major part in health inequalities. The worsening of the labour market during this period and the onset of a new economic recession may explain the increase in social inequalities over time.