二至丸提取物对体外肝细胞损伤的保护作用

 目的：研究二至丸乙酸乙酯提取物(ethyl acetate extractsof Erzhi pill,EAEP)对体外肝细胞损伤的保护作用及其机理。方法：培养L-O2型肝细胞,采用CCl4和H2O2体外分别诱导肝细胞损伤,检测培养上清液中天门冬氨酸转换酶(AST)和丙氨酸氨基转换酶(ALT)水平,测定上清液中丙二醛(MDA)的含量和过氧化物岐化酶(SOD)活力及谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)活性,MTT法检测细胞存活和增殖活性。结果：① EAEP(0.32～40 μg?mL-1)剂量组可明显降低由CCl4所致肝细胞培养上清液中AST和ALT水平及MDA含量的升高,还可提高由H2O2所致肝细胞存活率和SOD活力及GSH-Px活性的降低。② EAEP(0.32～40 μg?mL-1)剂量组可使H2O2升高的肝细胞培养上清液中ALT和ALT水平及MDA含量明显降低或恢复,还可提高CCl4降低的肝细胞存活率和SOD活力及GSH-Px活性。结论：提示AEEP对体外肝细胞损伤有直接保护作用,该作用可能与其抗氧化作用有关。     

二至丸水提物对体外肝细胞损伤的保护作用

目的研究二至丸水提物（aqueous extract of Erzhi Pill,AEEP）对体外肝细胞损伤的保护作用及其机制。方法培养L-O2型肝细胞,采用H2O2和CCl4体外分别诱导肝细胞损伤,检测培养上清液中天门冬氨酸转换酶（AST）和丙氨酸氨基转换酶（ALT）水平,测定上清液中丙二醛（MDA）的含量和过氧化物岐化酶（SOD）活力,MTT法检测细胞存活和增殖活性。结果①AEEP（0.32~40μg/ml）剂量组可明显降低由H2O2升高的肝细胞培养上清液中AST和ALT水平及MDA含量,还可提高H2O2降低的肝细胞存活率和SOD活力;②AEEP（0.32~40μg/ml）剂量组可使CCl4升高的肝细胞培养上清液中ALT和ALT水平及MDA含量明显降低或恢复,还可提高CCl4降低的肝细胞存活率和SOD活力。结论提示AEEP对体外肝细胞损伤有直接保护作用,该作用可能与其抗氧化作用有关。     

黄芪总提物对体外肝细胞损伤的保护作用

目的研究黄芪总提物 (TEA)对体外肝细胞损伤的保护作用及其机理。方法采用Ⅳ型胶原酶灌流法分离大鼠肝细胞进行原代培养 ,用CCl4 和H2O2 体外分别诱导肝细胞损伤 ,检测肝细胞丙二醛 (MDA)、谷胱甘肽 (GSH)含量和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶 (GSHpx)活性以及培养上清液中天门冬氨酸转换酶 (AST)和/或丙氨酸氨基转换酶 (ALT)水平。结果 (1)TEA(5～80mg·L-1)可明显降低或恢复由CCl4 升高的肝细胞MDA含量及肝细胞培养上清液中AST水平 ,还可使CCl4 降低的肝细胞GSH含量和GSHpx活性升高或恢复 ;(2)TEA(5～80mg·L-1)可使H2O2升高的肝细胞培养上清液中ALT水平和肝细胞MDA含量明显降低或恢复 ,还可使H2O2降低的肝细胞GHS含量和GSHpx活性明显升高或恢复。结论提示TEA对体外肝细胞损伤有直接保护作用 ,该作用可能与其抗氧化作用有关     

珠蚌多糖对四氯化碳诱导肝细胞损伤的保护作用

目的 研究珠蚌多糖(HCP)对肝细胞损伤的保护作用及其机制.方法 培养L-02型肝细胞,用四氯化碳(CCL)体外诱导肝细胞损伤,检测培养上清液中天门冬氨酸转挟酶(AST)和丙氨酸氨基转换酶(ALT)水平,测定上清液中丙二醛(MDA)的含量扣过氧化物岐化酶(SOD)活力,MTT法检测细胞存活和增殖活性.结果 珠蚌多糖(25,250及1000μg·L-1)剂量组均可明显降低由CCl4升高的肝细胞培养上清波中AST争ALT水平及MDA含量,还可提高CCl4降低的肝细胞存活率和SOD活力.结论 提示珠蚌多糖对肝细胞损伤有直接保护作用,该作用可能与其抗氧化作用有关.     

生姜油提取物对过氧化氢致大鼠肝细胞损伤的保护作用

目的 比较=三个不同生姜油提取物对过氧化氢(H2O2)损伤培养的大鼠肝细胞的保护作用.方法 用硅胶柱层析分离生姜油后获取A(主要为萜烯类)、B(姜油酮类)、C(姜酚类和姜烯酚类)三个不同提取部位溶液.6只SD大鼠分为6组,4组分别以生姜油A、B、C三个不同部位和联苯双酯制备含药血清干预,另2组给溶媒制备对照血清.利用H2O2体外诱导大鼠肝细胞损伤模型,检测肝细胞经含药血清处理后上清液中ALT、AST、丙二醛(MDA)和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)活性的变化.结果 生姜油A部位含药血清能显著降低ALT和AST水平,抑制MDA的产生,升高GSH-Px活性;B部位亦能明显降低ALT和AST水平,抑制MDA的产生,升高GSH-Px活性,但降低ALT作用不如A部位;C部位能降低ALT和AST水平,升高GSH-Px活性,但对MDA含量无明显影响且降低AST作用不如A部位.结论 不同成份的生姜油提取物含药血清对H2O2引起的大鼠肝细胞损伤均有不同程度的保护作用,但以A部位效果较好,其机制可能与其抗氧化作用有关.     

玉郎伞多糖对四氯化碳诱导大鼠原代肝细胞损伤的保护作用

目的:研究玉郎伞多糖(YLS)对大鼠原代肝细胞损伤的保护作用及其机制。方法:采用IV型胶原酶灌流法分离大鼠肝细胞进行原代培养,用四氯化碳(CCl4)体外诱导肝细胞损伤,检测培养上清液中天门冬氨酸转换酶(AST)和丙氨酸氨基转换酶(ALT)水平,测定肝细胞中丙二醛(MDA)和谷胱甘肽(GSH)含量,MTT法检测细胞存活和增殖活性。结果:YLS(0.125~1.000g.L-1)可明显降低由CCl4升高的肝细胞培养上清液中AST和ALT水平及肝细胞MDA含量,还可提高CCl4降低的肝细胞存活率和GSH含量。结论:提示YLS对大鼠原代培养肝细胞损伤有直接保护作用,该作用可能与其抗氧化作用有关。     

金丝桃苷对四氯化碳诱导肝细胞损伤的保护作用

目的研究金丝桃苷(hyperfine,HP)对四氯化碳(CCl4)诱导肝细胞损伤的保护作用及其机制。方法用CCl4体外诱导人正常肝细胞L-02损伤,检测培养上清液中天门冬酸氨基转移酶(AST)和丙氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT)水平,测定肝细胞中丙二醛(MDA)和谷胱甘肽(GSH)的含量,四甲基偶氮唑盐微量酶反应比色(MTT)法检测肝细胞存活率。结果金丝桃苷可明显降低由CCl4升高的肝细胞培养上清液中ALT和AST水平及肝细胞MDA含量,还可提高由CCl4降低的肝细胞存活率和GSH含量。结论金丝桃苷对人肝细胞氧化性损伤有直接保护作用,这可能与金丝桃苷抑制抗氧化酶活性和抗自由基活性有关。     

南沙参多糖对四氯化碳损伤原代培养大鼠肝细胞保护作用的研究

目的:探讨南沙参多糖(RAPS)对四氯化碳(CCl4)损伤原代培养大鼠肝细胞的保护作用及其机制。方法:通过原位灌流法分离大鼠肝细胞,培养36h后加入RAPS,同时造成CCl4损伤,分别于损伤24h和48h时检测培养液中丙二醛(MDA)的含量、丙氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT)、天冬氨酸氨基转移酶(AST)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-PX)的活性,48h后用MTT法测定肝细胞存活率。结果:RAPS对CCl4引起的ALT、AST活力的升高有抑制作用,同时抑制MDA的产生及肝细胞损伤造成的SOD活性及GSH-PX活性的降低。而且能明显改善肝细胞存活率。结论:RAPS能有效抑制CCl4造成的原代培养大鼠肝细胞损伤,机制可能与其抗氧化作用有关。     

异甘草素对大鼠急性化学性肝损伤的保护作用

目的研究异甘草素(ISL)对CCl4所致大鼠急性化学性肝损伤的保护作用及其机制.方法①在体实验选用♂Wistar大鼠48只,随机分6组,每组8只.ISL三剂量给药组分别灌服ISL 10,20,40 mg·kg-1·d-1;甘草酸二铵胶囊(DG)组灌服DG 500 mg·kg-1·d-1;正常对照组和模型组每日灌服等容量的溶媒.连续给药7 d,qd.以CCl4诱导大鼠急性肝损伤模型,酶学测定各组大鼠血清谷丙转氨酶(ALT)、谷草转氨酶(AST)和超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性,以及肝组织丙二醛(MDA)、谷胱甘肽(GSH)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)含量.②体外实验采用大鼠离体肝细胞原代培养,并建立CCl4诱导肝细胞损伤模型,检测ISL对其作用的影响.结果①lSL剂量依赖性降低大鼠血清中升高的ALT和AST活性,升高肝组织中降低的GSH含量、SOD和GSH-Px活性,同时降低过氧化物终产物含量.②ISL浓度(5.0～20.0 μmol·L-1)依赖性抑制CCl4引起的ALT和AST升高,ISL 20.0 μmol·L-1可阻断CCl4产生的肝细胞ALT和AST漏出.结论ISL对大鼠化学性肝损伤具有显著的保护作用.其机制与清除肝组织中的自由基和抗脂质过氧化等作用有关.     

龙眼参多糖对四氯化碳诱导大鼠原代肝细胞损伤的保护作用

目的:研究龙眼参多糖(LYS)对大鼠原代肝细胞损伤的保护作用及其机制。方法:用四氯化碳(CCl4)体外诱导大鼠原代肝细胞损伤,检测培养上清液中天门冬氨酸转移酶(AST)和丙氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT)水平,测定肝细胞中丙二醛(MDA)和谷胱甘肽(GSH)含量,四甲基偶氮唑盐(MTT)法检测细胞活性。结果:与模型组比较,LYS组AST和ALT水平及肝细胞MDA含量明显降低,肝细胞存活率和GSH含量升高。结论:LYS对大鼠原代培养肝细胞损伤有直接保护作用,机制可能与其抗氧化作用有关。     

高效液相色谱-串联质谱法同时测定地龙中4个黄曲霉毒素

目的:建立同时测定地龙中4个黄曲霉毒素含量的高效液相色谱串联质谱法。方法:样品经甲醇-水(80∶20,v/v)提取,通过免疫亲和柱净化后,采用高效液相色谱串联质谱法测定其中4个黄曲霉毒素的含量,以多反应监测(MRM)方式分别监测离子对m/z 313→241(黄曲霉毒素B1,CE 50 eV),m/z 315→259(黄曲霉毒素B2,CE 43 eV),m/z 329→243(黄曲霉毒素G1,CE 38 eV)和m/z 331→245(黄曲霉毒素G2,CE 40 eV)。结果:黄曲霉毒素B1、B2、G1、G2的检测限分别为0.03,0.02,0.03,0.02μg.kg-1,回收率在88.0%～100.3%范围内,RSD均低于6.1%。结论:该方法快速、灵敏,结果准确,适用于地龙中4个黄曲霉毒素的同时检测。     

Comparative cytotoxicity study of enniatins A, A1, A2, B, B1, B4 and J3 on Caco-2 cells, Hep-G2 and HT-29

Enniatins (ENs) are ionophoric, phytotoxic, antihelminthic, and antibiotic compounds of hexadepsipeptidic structure produced by several strains of Fusarium spp. The cytotoxicity effect of the ENs A, A₁, A₂, B, B₁, B₄ and J₃ was compared on three tumor cell lines, the human epithelial colorectal adenocarcinoma (Caco-2), the human colon carcinoma (HT-29), and the human liver carcinoma (Hep-G2). The endpoint evaluated was the mitochondrial integrity by using the MTT assays, after 24 and 48 h of incubation. The IC₅₀ value for EN A₂ on Caco-2 cells, after 24 h exposure, was 18.7 ± 4.5 μM and decrease to 2.6 ± 0.7 μM at 48 h of incubation. However, ENs A, A₁, B₁ and B₄ exert pronounced cytotoxic effects in all the cell lines tested by the MTT assay after 24 and 48 h of incubation. The EN A₁ demonstrated to be the most cytotoxic ENs tested. Moreover, no statistical differences were found between the IC₅₀ values obtained for EN A₁ on Caco-2, HT-29 and Hep-G2, with IC₅₀ values ranging from 9.1 ± 2.2 μM to 12.3 ± 4.3 μM at 24 h and decreasing in a range variable from 1.4 ± 0.7 μM to 2.7 ± 0.8 μM at 48 h. On the other hand, EN A, B₁ and B₄ showed lower cytotoxicity, but in a similar range as the IC₅₀ values reported on HT-29 (IC₅₀ values (24 h): 16.8 ± 4.3-26.2 ± 6.7 μM), Caco-2 (IC₅₀ values (24 h): 19.5 ± 4.1 μM) and Hep-G2 (IC₅₀ values (24 h): 23.4 ± 5.6-26.2 ± 7.6 μM) cells. Cytotoxic effect with a 48 h of incubation revealed also a significant toxicity of ENs A (IC₅₀ values ranged from 8.2 ± 1.8 to 11.4 ± 4.6 μM), B₁ (IC₅₀ values variables from 3.7 ± 0.7 to 11.5 ± 5.3 μM) and B₄ (IC₅₀ of 4.5 ± 2.9-15.0 ± 4.0 μM). In summary, this study demonstrated that ENs can exert toxic activity at low micromolar concentrations in mammalian cells.     

HPLC法测定150种中药材中黄曲霉毒素G2、G1、B2、B1的含量

目的:建立了HPLC法测定150种中药材中的黄曲霉毒素G₂、G₁、B₂、B₁含量。方法:样品经70%甲醇提取、免疫亲和色谱柱净化后,用HPLC-柱后衍生-荧光检测器测定结果:黄曲霉毒素G₁、B₂在0.15～6.00 ng·ml^-1范围内,黄曲霉毒素C₁、B₁在0.5～20.00 ng·ml^-1范围内线性关系良好回收率为85.6%～92.0%结论:本法操作简便,结果准确、重复性好,可用于中药材中黄曲霉毒素G₂、G₁、B₂、B₁的测定     

海藻酸盐敷料止血作用及生物相容性研究

摘要：目的 研究海藻酸盐敷料的止血性能,并初步探究其生物相容性。方法 采用凝血指数试验测定体外凝血性能。采用新西兰兔耳和背部创伤止血试验测定止血性能。采用溶血试验和细胞毒性试验进行初步安全性评价。结果海藻酸盐敷料、明胶海绵的凝血指数BCI分别为33.1±4.9、72.0±3.3,海藻酸盐敷料凝血效果优于明胶海绵。在背部创伤出血模型中,海藻酸盐敷料、明胶海绵、纱布的平均止血时间为（55.3±5.1）s、（80.2±7.4）s、（101±14.7）s,Hb光度吸收值分别为1.5±0.7、2.5±0.5、3.8±0.7。与明胶海绵比较,海藻酸盐敷料的平均止血时间缩短了31.05%,Hb光度吸收值降低了40.00%;与纱布比较,海藻酸盐敷料的平均止血时间缩短了45.25%,Hb光度吸收值降低了60.53%。在兔耳动脉止血实验中,海藻酸盐敷料、明胶海绵、纱布的出血量分别为（2.4±0.2）g、（3.0±0.2）g、（3.9±0.2）g,止血时间分别为（226.3±6.5）s、（332.3±14.2）s、（466.5±19.1）s。与明胶海绵组比较,海藻酸盐敷料的出血量降低了20.00%,止血时间分别为缩短了31.90%;与纱布比较,海藻酸盐敷料的出血量降低了38.46%,出血时间缩短了51.49%。海藻酸盐敷料的溶血率低于5%。细胞毒性实验中各浓度的海藻酸盐敷料浸提液为0级或1级,提示其对细胞无明显毒性。结论 海藻酸盐敷料具有良好的止血效果,溶血率符合国标要求,且对皮肤成纤维细胞无细胞毒性。     

A comparison of the vasodepressor effects of the cyclic endoperoxides PGG2 and PGH2 with those of PGD2 and PGE2 in hypertensive and normotensive rats

The vasodepressor actions of the cyclic endoperoxides PGG₂ and PGH₂ were compared with those of their products PGD₂ and PGE₂ using anaesthetised normotensive and genetically hypertensive rats. Given into the aortic arch of normotensives PGE₂ was approximately 6 times more potent than PGH₂ and 11 times more potent than PGG₂ and PGD₂. Hypertensive animals were 1.5–10 times more sensitive than normotensives to the depressor effects of PGG₂ and PGH₂, but their sensitivity to either PGD₂ or PGE₂ was similar. Thus in hypertensives the endoperoxides may be converted more readily to PGE₂ and other products.In both types of rat PGG₂ and PGH₂ given intravenously were as active or more active than after intra-arterial administration. Low but not high intravenous doses of PGE₂ were less effective than intra-arterial. Therefore PGG₂ and PGH₂ may be converted more readily to more active products during passage through the lungs but whereas small doses of PGE₂ are almost completely eliminated large doses may saturate pulmonary removal mechanisms.     

高效液相色谱-荧光检测法测定沉香中黄曲霉毒素B1、B2、G1、G2

目的建立高效液相色谱–光化学衍生–荧光检测法测定沉香药材中黄曲霉毒素B1、B2、G1、G2。方法采用高效液相色谱法,通过免疫亲和柱提取和净化,荧光检测器检测。Agilent Zorbax Ecilpse Plus C18色谱柱(250 mm×4.6 mm,5μm);流动相:甲醇–水(45∶55);体积流量:0.8 m L/min;柱温:30℃;进样盘温度:4℃;荧光激发波长为360 nm,发射波长为450 nm。结果黄曲霉毒素B1、B2、G1、G2分别在9.3~74.4、3.0~24.0、9.3~74.4、3.5~28.0 pg线性关系良好,r均大于0.998 0;检测限分别为1.86、0.60、1.86、0.70 pg,定量限分别为7.44、2.40、7.44、2.80 pg。平均回收率分别为78%、92%、82%、99%,RSD值分别为4.4%、3.0%、4.3%、2.8%。结论所建立的方法结果准确、重复性、稳定性均良好,可用于沉香药材中黄曲霉毒素的质量控制。     

Antipsychotic regulation of dopamine D1, D2 and D3 receptor mRNA

A range of antipsychotic drugs, both “typical” and “atypical”, was administered to rats over a time course and at several different dosages. The mRNA levels of dopamine D₁ , D₂ and D₃ receptor were measured in either whole brain or dissected brain regions. D₃ receptor mRNA was up-regulated in whole brain by clozapine (10 and 30 but not 3 mg/kg/day), sulphide (50 and 100 but not 20 mg/kg/day), haloperidol (3 but not 1 or 0.3 mg/kg/day), flupenthixol (3 but not 1 or 0.3 mg/kg/day), pimozide (4.5 but not 1.5 or 0.5 mg/kg/day) and loxapine (1.2 and 4 mg/kg/day but not 0.4 mg/kg/day). Sulphide (100 mg/kg/day), clozapine (30 mg/kg/ day) and haloperidol (3 mg/kg/day) all up-regulated the D₃ receptor mRNA in nucleus accumbens and olfactory tubercles but not striatum. D₁ and D₂ receptor mRNA was up-regulated in whole brain by haloperidol and loxapine only, and in the case of haloperidol this was localized to striatum and prefrontal cortex. Haloperidol, clozapine and sulphide all down-regulated D₁ mRNA in hippocampus and additionally haloperidol and sulpiride down-regulated it in the cerebellum. This work shows that all the drugs tested upregulated D₃ receptor, but effects on D₁ and D₂ receptors were less general.     

Compression characteristics of basic tricalcium phosphate (Ca3(PO4) 2, Ca(OH)2)

It is shown that tricalcium phosphate obeys the Heckel equation only if a particle density of 1.92 g/cm³ (rather than the true density of 3.1 g/cm³) is used to determine the relative density of compacts. It is shown by comparing mercury intrusion porosimetry data with nitrogen adsorption data, that a large portion of the solid has pores of diameters of less than 60 Å. It would appear that this part of the pore space is not compressible in conventional pressure ranges, and that it should not be considered part of the Heckel pore space. It is shown by hysteresis loops that (in as much as simple interpretations are permissible) there is a substantial amount of ink-bottle pores, and that both neck and cavity volumes decrease in a logical fashion with increased applied pressure.     

高效液相色谱-光化学衍生法测定湖南产莲子中黄曲霉毒素G1、G2、B1、B2

目的对不同来源的湖南产莲子中黄曲霉毒素G_1、G_2、B_2、B_1进行高效液相色谱-光化学衍生法测定。方法采用高效液相色谱–光化学衍生法,采用岛津GL Inertsil ODS-3色谱柱(250 mm×4.6 mm,5μm),流动相为甲醇–乙腈–水(35∶13∶52),柱温35℃;光化学衍生器(254 nm)激发波长λ_(ex)=360 nm,发射波长λ_(ex)=450 nm。结果黄曲霉毒素G_1、G_2、B_2、B_1分别在6.7～33.3、11.4～56.8、10.3～51.5、4.1～20.3 pg线性关系良好;平均回收率分别为98.07%、97.72%、96.11%、99.52%,RSD值分别为1.69%、1.40%、2.72%、1.34%(n=6)。9批莲子样品中,有6批未检出黄曲霉毒素,来自于农贸市场农户自存的2批次检出黄曲霉毒素B_1,实验室塑料袋包装储存1年的1批检出黄曲霉毒素B_1、B_2,但质量分数均低于法定标准限量。结论不同来源湖南产莲子中黄曲霉毒素质量分数均低于《中国药典》2020年版规定限量。该法测定结果准确、重复性良好,可为完善莲子安全性控制和质量标准提升提供实验依据。