复方硝苯地平软膏在肛门部手术后的临床应用研究

为研究复方硝苯地平软膏在肛门部手术后的临床应用效果，将166例肛门部手术后患者按随机数字表法分为3组，即治疗组（56例）、对照组（59例）和空白组（51例），分别给予复方硝苯地平软膏、消炎祛腐生肌膏、凡士林软膏换药，观察3组患者术后平均疼痛指数、排便疼痛指数、创面愈合时间、创面出血、创面水肿、肛门控便能力、心血管副作用、肛管动力学变化、肛门肌电图、住院时间等指标。结果显示，治疗组平均疼痛指数、排便疼痛指数低于对照组和空白组（P〈0．05），3组患者出血症状、肛门控便能力、住院时间差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。空白组创面水肿发生率高于治疗组和对照组（P〈0．05）。治疗组创面愈合时间短于对照组和空白组（P〈0．05）。肛管动力学变化：治疗组术后肛管静息压低于对照组和空白组（P〈0．05）；3组患者肛管收缩压差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。肛门肌电图检测：3组患者术后检测静息相及缩肛相的运动单位电位（MUP）分析显示，治疗组静息相MUP波幅（Am）、面积／波幅（Ar／Am）与对照组和空白组差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05），3组患者缩肛相MUPAm、面积（Ar）、Ar／Am、频率（Freq）的差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。心血管副作用：治疗组有5例（8．9％）出现头晕或头痛、面色潮红等反应，未予干预处理，其中4例为复杂性肛瘘患者，术后创面较大。空白组没有发现心血管相关反应。结果表明，复方硝苯地平软膏能有效减轻肛门部手术后疼痛，加快创面愈合，不良反应少，但在较大创口中应用，不良反应可能增加。     

切口复方甲硝唑注射对混合痔术后创面愈合的影响

目的探讨切口复方甲硝唑注射对混合痔外剥内扎术后创面愈合的影响。方法将136例混合痔术后患者随机分为治疗组和对照组,治疗组68例采用切口复方甲硝唑注射加常规换药,对照组68例常规换药,观察两组术后2 d、3 d、5 d创面疼痛、水肿情况,评分量化比较,并统计两组创面愈合时间。结果术后2 d、3 d、5 d,治疗组创面疼痛、水肿积分明显低于对照组（P〈0.01）,治疗组创面愈合时间短于对照组（P〈0.01）。结论切口复方甲硝唑注射用于混合痔术后创面能缩短创面炎症反应期时间,缓解局部疼痛、水肿症状,加速创面愈合过程。     

复方生肌膏促进肛裂术后创面愈合的临床观察

为观察复方生肌膏在促进肛裂术后创面愈合及减少术后并发症的作用,将肛裂术后患者92例分为治疗组49例和对照组43例,治疗组在术后使用复方生肌膏外敷治疗,对照组术后使用马应龙麝香痔疮膏外敷治疗。结果显示,治疗组在减轻疼痛、促进创面愈合、缩短愈合时间等方面的疗效均明显优于对照组（P〈0．05或P〈0．01）。结果表明,复方生肌膏具有促进肛裂术后创面愈合,缓解疼痛的作用。     

外敷复方多粘菌素B对混合痔术后创面愈合及疼痛水肿的效果观察

目的：观察外敷复方多粘菌素B对混合痔术后创面愈合及疼痛水肿的效果。方法：将混合痔患者60例随机分为对照组和观察组,每组30例。对照组患者采用马应龙麝香痔疮膏涂抹肛周,观察组患者采用外敷复方多粘菌素B涂抹肛周,比较2组患者创面愈合时间,术后1d及术后7d时水肿情况,静息时、排便时疼痛状况及不良反应发生率。结果：观察组患者创面愈合时间短于对照组（P <0.05）;术后7d观察组患者静息时VAS评分、排便时VAS评分、水肿评分及不良反应发生率均低于对照组（P <0.05）。结论：对混合痔术后患者外敷复方多粘菌素B可缩短创面愈合时间,缓解术后疼痛,减轻肛门水肿,且安全性高。     

复方丹参注射液在肛肠病术后的应用研究

为研究复方丹参注射液对肛肠病术后创面的影响,将177例肛肠病术后患者随机分为治疗组和对照组,治疗组92例术后创面分别以复方丹参注射液和亚甲蓝点状注射,并术后常规静脉滴注复方丹参注射液;对照组85例采用亚甲蓝（亚甲蓝：布比卡因为1：4）点状注射创面。观察两组术后2,5,7d创面疼痛、水肿情况,评分量化比较,并统计两组愈合时问。术后2,5,7d,治疗组创面疼痛、水肿积分明显低于对照组（P〈0．01）,治疗组创面愈合时间短于对照组（P〈O．01）。结果显示,复方丹参注射液用于肛肠病术后创面能缩短创面炎症反应期时间,缓解创面疼痛、水肿,加速创面愈合。     

中药熏洗联合硝苯地平软膏外用对混合痔术后不适的效果观察

为观察中药熏洗联合硝苯地平软膏外用对混合痔术后疼痛等不适的临床效果,将120例混合痔术后患者随机分为两组,治疗组60例采用中药熏洗联合硝苯地平软膏外用治疗,对照组60例采用单纯中药熏洗治疗,并进行疗效比较。结果显示,治疗组在改善混合痔术后疼痛、舒适度及创口水肿方面明显优于对照组（P〈0．05）。结果表明,中药熏洗联合硝苯地平软膏外用能有效改善混合痔术后不适等症状。     

京万红联合地榆槐角丸对混合痔术后康复的影响

目的:探讨混合痔术后联合使用京万红软膏、地榆槐角丸加减行创面处理的效果。方法:选取2019 年9 月—2020 年3 月我院收治的120 例混合痔患者,随机均分为两组,对照组创面行常规换药联合止痛栓处理,观察组创面行京万红软膏联合地榆槐角丸加减处理,观察并比较两组患者术后创面疼痛、并发症程度、创面愈合等情况。结果:术后第3、7 天,观察组创面VAS 评分比对照组更低,观察组术后肛缘水肿、创面疼痛、创面出血、排便困难、创面渗液并发症积分均显著低于对照组(P ＜ 0.05);观察组术后第7、14、19 天的创面肉芽评分均显著低于对照组,创面组织成纤维细胞数、巨噬细胞比例、新生毛细血管数均显著高于对照组(P ＜ 0.05);观察组的治疗总有效率为93%,显著高于对照组的75% ;观察组的创面愈合时间为(35.26±5.43)d,显著短于对照组的(58.76±5.63)d,差异均有统计学意义(P ＜ 0.05)。结论:混合痔术后使用京万红软膏联合地榆槐角丸加减处理创面可有效减轻患者术后疼痛及其他并发症的严重程度,加快创面愈合。     

湿润烧伤膏在CO2点阵激光治疗浅表性瘢痕术后创面护理中的效果

目的 分析湿润烧伤膏在CO2点阵激光治疗浅表性瘢痕术后创面护理中的效果。方法 选择2020 年3月-2021年11月本院收治的60例接受CO2点阵激光治疗的浅表性瘢痕患者,按照随机数字表法分为对照 组和观察组,各30例。对照组予以莫匹罗星软膏对创面进行护理,观察组予以湿润烧伤膏对创面进行护 理,比较两组疼痛情况、创面愈合天数、瘢痕程度及色素沉着发生率。结果 观察组NRS评分高于对照组 （P＜0.05）;观察组创面愈合天数短于对照组（P＜0.05）;观察组护理厚度、色泽、柔软度、血管分布 评分低于对照组（P＜0.05）;观察组色素沉着发生率为3.33%,低于对照组的20.00%（P＜0.05）。结论 CO2点阵激光治疗浅表性瘢痕术后创面护理中应用湿润烧伤膏有助于减轻患者疼痛,缩短创面愈合天数, 瘢痕治疗效果明显,且可降低色素沉着发生几率。     

龙珠软膏在肛裂术后的临床应用

观察龙珠软膏住肛裂术后廊用促进创面愈合的疗效,寻求一种更为有效的促进肛肠病术后创面愈合的治疗方法。选择肛裂术后患者60例,其中治疗组和对照组各30例,术后分别给予龙珠软膏和九华膏换药,1次／d。换药期间详细观察创面的宽度、深度、疼痛程度、水肿程度、肉芽生长指标,并进行评分。比较两组创面平均愈合时间。换药前后症状体征疗效和临床总疗效。结果显示,治疗组和对照组创面平均愈合时例分别为（19．80±2．78）d和（21．90±3．24）d,治疗组愈合速度明显快于对照组（P〈0．01）;水后第7天治疗疼痛的有效率分别为93．3％和80．0％,治疗水肿的有效率分别为96．2％和96．0％,治疗组减轻疼痛的疗效优于对照组（P〈0．05）,换药20d后创面疗效治疗组明显优于埘照组（P〈0．05）。结果表明,龙珠软膏能够加快创面愈合,减缓疼痛、水肿等早期不适症状体征,特别是在上皮爬行瘢痕形成时期具有明显疗效。     

复方七叶皂苷钠凝胶防治混合痔术后水肿的临床效果

为探讨复方七叶皂苷钠凝胶防治混合痔术后水肿的效果,将行手术治疗的72例混合痔患者随机分为观察组和对照组,各36例,观察组术后应用复方七叶皂苷钠凝胶换药,对照组术后应用马应龙麝香痔疮膏换药。对比两组患者不同时间段肛缘水肿程度、水肿消退时间及创面愈合时间。结果显示,两组患者术后24h肛缘水肿程度评分比较差异无统计学意义,P〉0.05;但观察组术后第3天和第7天肛缘水肿程度评分明显低于对照组,P〈0.05;而且观察组肛缘水肿消退时间和创面愈合时间均明显短于对照组,P〈0.01或P〈0.05。结果表明,复方七叶皂苷钠凝胶换药能够有效减轻混合痔术后肛缘水肿程度,促进肛缘水肿消退及创面愈合。     

Topical nifedipine with lidocaine ointment versus active control for pain after hemorrhoidectomy: results of a multicentre,prospective, randomized,double-blind study

Background

Spasm through the internal anal sphincter is one of the supposed causes for pain after hemorrhoidectomy, a common and distressing experience. We hypothesized that the addition of topical nifedipine to lidocaine would improve pain control by causing a relaxation of the smooth muscle of the internal anal sphincter.

Methods

We conducted a multicentre randomized, double-blind trial to compare the efficacy of 0.3% nifedipine and 1.5% lidocaine ointment versus 1.5% lidocaine ointment alone in reducing pain after hemorrhoidectomy. A physician unaware of the treatment arm measured pain by use of the Analogue Chromatic Continuous Scale (ACCS) at baseline; soon after surgery; at 2, 4, 6, 8 and 24 hours after surgery; on day 7 after surgery; and at a final visit 14 days after surgery. The physician also noted the time to first analgesic administration within 24 hours after surgery.

Results

In all, 135 patients per group participated (270 total). Evaluation of the delta ACCS score versus basal value, a covariate for rescue analgesic administration time, revealed better pain control in the group that received nifedipine with lidocaine at 6 hours after surgery and on day 7 (p < 0.011 and p < 0.054, respectively). We noticed no difference between groups for time of administration of rescue analgesic, blood pressure, heart rate or frequency of headache.

Conclusion

Although there was no difference between groups for time of administration of rescue analgesic after open hemorrhoidectomy, the patients’ assessment of pain using ACCS showed that the use of topical nifedipine with lidocaine may provide a slight significant difference in favour of the study group at 6 hours and at day 7 after surgery. Narcotic analgesics and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug administration should continue to be recommended. Further research focusing on these outcomes is warranted.     

Comparison of topical glyceryl trinitrate ointment and oral nifedipine in the treatment of chronic anal fissure

This study was designed to compare the effect of topical glyceryl trinitrate (GTN) and oral nifedipine treatments on maximal anal resting pressure (MARP) and subsequently to assess their effectiveness in healing of chronic anal fissure (CAF). Patients were allocated randomly to receive either oral nifedipine retard (10 patients) 20 mg twice daily or instructed to apply glyceryl trinitrate (0.2 percent) ointment (10 patients) into the lower half of the anal canal twice daily. They were reviewed and assessed at the first visit and every fortnight for measurement of MARP, pain scores, blood pressure, pulse rate, healing of the fissure and adverse effects. Treatment were continued until healing had occurred or for up to 8 weeks. MARP values before and after application of the GTN ointment was 113.2 cm H2O and 72.5 cm H2O respectively (P < 0.001). Nifedipine caused a reduction in mean MARP from 105.2 to 74.0 cm H2O (P < 0.001). Linear analogue pain scores were significantly reduced after 2 weeks treatment with GTN and nifedipine (P < 0.001) and continued throughout the treatment period. At the end of the study; 7 of the 10 patients in the GTN group were deemed to be healed (5) or improved (2), compared with 6 of the 10 patients in the nifedipine group (5 healed, 1 improved). Headaches occurred in 3 patients in the GTN group, compared with one patient in the nifedipine group. There was no significant difference between GTN and nifedipine in terms of reduction in MARP and pain score, healing of the fissure and incidence of early recurrence and side effects of treatments. We conclude that GTN ointment and oral nifedipine are equally effective in the treatment of chronic anal fissure.     

2％硝苯地平生肌玉红膏治疗肛裂临床观察

为观察2％硝苯地平生肌玉红膏局部外用治疗肛裂的疗效,将62例肛裂患者随机分为治疗组和对照组各31例,分别采用2％硝苯地平生肌玉红膏和马应龙麝香痔疮膏涂抹于肛裂裂口处,每日2次,急性肛裂治疗1周,慢性肛裂治疗6周,进行疗效对比。结果显示,总有效率治疗组（96．8％）明显优于对照组（80．6％）,总治愈率治疗组（64．5％）亦优于对照组（45．1％）。结果表明,2％硝苯地平生肌玉红膏局部外用治疗肛裂有良好的疗效。     

The use of methyldioxyline for the prevention of local complications following hemorrhoidectomy]

The article discusses the results of clinico-laboratory study of the application of methyl dioxyline ointment after hemorrhoidectomy with complete restoration of the anal canal mucosa. It is shown that the ointment is a reliable measure for the prevention of postoperative purulent complications, it improves the reparative processes. Its use in the treatment of wounds developing as the result of excision of hemorrhoids shortens the term of in-patient treatment after the operation and the period of general incapacity.     

Use of a topical anesthetic cream (EMLA) to reduce pain after hemorrhoidectomy

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Hemorrhoidectomy usually leads to severe postoperative pain that often causes urinary retention. Topical EMLA cream (lidocaine 2.5% and prilocaine 2.5%) has been used extensively in the clinical setting. This prospective study tested the effectiveness of EMLA cream for postoperative pain control after hemorrhoidectomy. METHODS: Thirty patients admitted for hemorrhoidectomy were enrolled and randomly assigned into either a control group (n = 15) or EMLA group (n = 15). Postoperatively, the control group received approximately 5 g of neomycin ointment, and the EMLA group received approximately 5 g of EMLA. A visual analog scale (VAS) score was recorded on arrival in the postanesthesia recovery unit (PAR), after 2 hours in the PAR, on the first postoperative evening, and on the first postoperative morning. The requested frequency and dosage of meperidine, the first spontaneous voiding time, the frequency of single urinary catheterization, and a patient satisfaction score were also obtained. RESULTS: The VAS score and frequency and dosage of meperidine injections were significantly lower in the EMLA group than in the control group (P < .01). The voiding time was significantly later in the control group (P = .04). The frequency of single catheterization was significantly lower in the EMLA group than in the control group (P = .03). Patient satisfaction with postoperative pain control was significantly higher in the EMLA group than in the control group (P < .01). No systemic complications were observed. CONCLUSIONS: Topical EMLA cream decreased pain intensity and meperidine requests, reduced the frequency of single catheterizations, and improved patient satisfaction with postoperative pain management after hemorrhoidectomy in adults.     

Comparison of topical anesthetic cream (EMLA) and diclofenac suppository for pain relief after hemorrhoidectomy: a randomized clinical trial

Purpose

We compared the efficacy and side effects of diclofenac and a topical eutectic mixture of local anesthetics (EMLA) for pain relief after hemorrhoidectomy.

Methods

Ninety patients, nominated for elective hemorrhoidectomy, were recruited for this randomized clinical trial and were randomly categorized into three groups (30 patients in each group). After surgery, the patients in the first group received one 100?mg diclofenac suppository, those in the second group received 5?g of EMLA, and those in the third group received 5?g of petrolatum ointment (control group). The pain intensity was measured using a visual analog scale (VAS). Twenty-five mg of intramuscular pethidine was administered upon the patient’s request. Pain measurements were performed on the patient’s transfer to the recovery ward, 2?h after surgery, the evening and the morning after surgery.

Results

The EMLA group yielded the lowest VAS score on transfer to recovery and at 2?h after surgery (p?<?0.05). The diclofenac group reported the lowest VAS score in the evening and the morning after surgery (p?<?0.05).

Conclusions

Topical use of an EMLA cream is appropriate for short-term pain control following hemorrhoidectomy, while diclofenac yields a more sustainable pain control.     

The effect of nitroglycerin ointment on cardiovascular functions in hypertensive patients during emergence from anesthesia

The present study was designed to investigate the effect of nitroglycerin (TNG) ointment to attenuate the cardiovascular response of hypertensive patients during emergence from anesthesia compared with the effects of TNG infusion and nifedipine instillation in the nose. In addition, plasma TNG concentration was measured in the TNG ointment group and TNG infusion group. TNG 30 mg in ointment reduced the arterial pressure during extubation without producing hypotension and tachycardia. There was no significant difference in plasma TNG concentration between TNG ointment group and TNG infusion group each receiving 0.3 micrograms.kg-1.min-1. The study suggests that TNG ointment is useful for regulation of arterial pressure in hypertensive patients during emergence from anesthesia.     

Efficacy of Cholestyramine Ointment in Reduction of Postoperative Pain and Pain during Defecation after Open Hemorrhoidectomy: Results of a Prospective, Single-center, Randomized, Double-blind, Placebo-controlled Trial

Background

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the efficacy of cholestyramine ointment (15 %) in reducing postoperative pain at rest and during defecation after open hemorrhoidectomy.

Methods

A total of 91 patients with third and fourth degree hemorrhoids undergoing open hemorrhoidectomy were included in this prospective, double-blind, randomized controlled trial. The patients were randomly assigned to either cholestyramine ointment or placebo immediately after surgery, 12 h after surgery, and then every 8 h for 14 days. The primary outcomes were intensity of pain at rest and during defecation, measured with a visual analog scale, and the analgesic requirement, measured by amount of tramadol consumption.

Results

The cholestyramine group had less postoperative pain than the placebo group at the 24th hour (1.84 ± 2.54 vs. 4.07 ± 3.35; P = 0.001) and 48th hour (0.18 ± 0.88 vs. 3.57 ± 3.45; P < 0.001) and less pain during defecation starting at the 48th hour (2.28 ± 2.96 vs. 4.77 ± 4.09; P = 0.001). Similarly, the average tramadol consumption at hours 24 and 48 was significantly lower for the cholestyramine group (5.32 ± 21.45 vs. 43.18 ± 61.56 mg at 24 h, and 4.48 ± 16.65 vs. 57.63 ± 65.47 mg at 48 h; P < 0.001). The only adverse event was pruritus, which had a lower frequency in the cholestyramine group but the difference was not significant until postoperative week 4 (P < 0.001).

Conclusions

Compared with placebo, cholestyramine ointment (15 %) reduced postoperative pain at rest and on defecation, and consequently lowered the analgesic requirement after open hemorrhoidectomy.     

痔上黏膜环形切除钉合术与开放式痔切除术后患者问卷调查结果比较

目的 比较痔上黏膜环形切除钉合术（PPH）与开放式痔切除方法的疗效。方法 通过术后问卷调查结合门诊复查的方法。了解2001年3月至2004年3月以不同的手术方法行痔切除患者术后症状的缓解情况及复发情况。结果 有效同卷184份，其中PPH组96例，开放式痔切除组88例。PPH和开放式痔切除均能明显缓解患者痔脱出（92．7％vs96．8％，P=0．282）、出血（91％vs81％，P=0．241）和疼痛（91．7％vs91．5％。P=0．977）等症状，术后并发症的总发生率（30．2％vs29．5％，P=0．923）和总复发率（21．8％vs20．5％，P=0．814）差异无统计学意义。息者总体满意度PPH组和痔切除组分别为87．5和84．8，两组比较，P=0．218。PPH组6例术后排便或排气不能控制，1～3个月缓解。结论 PPH是一种与开放式痔切除同样安全、有效的治疗脱垂痔的方法。     

Early experience of stapled hemorrhoidectomy in a community hospital setting.

BACKGROUND: Stapled hemorrhoidectomy was introduced as a new procedure for the surgical management of hemorrhoidal disease in 1993. We present a cohort longitudinal study performed in a community hospital setting where the short-term outcomes of stapled hemorrhoidectomy were compared with those of conventional hemorrhoidectomy. METHODS: We compared 41 consecutive patients who underwent a conventional open diathermy (Ferguson) hemorrhoidectomy between September 1999 and September 2001 with 40 consecutive patients who underwent a stapled hemorrhoidectomy procedure between September 2001 and June 2004. We analyzed perioperative and postoperative complications, length of hospital stay, patient satisfaction and case costing for both groups. RESULTS: The stapled hemorrhoidectomy group comprised 13 men and 27 women. The open hemorrhoidectomy group comprised 9 men and 32 women. There were no intraoperative complications in either group. In the stapled hemorrhoidectomy group, 3 patients presented with postoperative complications and 3 required admission. In the open hemorrhoidectomy group, 14 patients presented with postoperative complications and 11 required admission. At 2-week follow-up, 35 patients (88%) presented no complaints in the stapled hemorrhoidectomy group, versus 27 (66%) in the open hemorrhoidectomy group. The total cost calculated for the stapled hemorrhoidectomy procedure was dollar 716.38, whereas the total cost of the open hemorrhoidectomy procedure was dollar 760.00. CONCLUSIONS: The stapled hemorrhoidectomy technique is a safe alternative to the traditional open hemorrhoidectomy. It can be performed as an outpatient procedure, is well tolerated by patients and is no more expensive than conventional surgical therapy.