洛赛克在预防内镜下逆行胰胆管造影术后胰腺炎的作用

目的 :评价洛赛克对内镜下逆行胰胆管造影术 (ERCP)后高淀粉酶血症及急性胰腺炎的预防作用。方法 :将 2 4 1例患者随机分为洛赛克治疗组 (A组 )及使用安慰剂的对照组 (B组 ) ,A组 (132例 )分别于术前 1d ,当日及术后 1d给予洛赛克 (40mg/d ,静脉滴注 ) ,B组 (10 9例 )给予安慰剂。术前、术后 3h及 2 4h检测血清淀粉酶 (参考值 10～ 12 0U/L)。结果 :A组有 4例 (3.0 3% ) ,B组有 9例 (8.2 6 % )发生急性胰腺炎 (P <0 .0 5 ) ,A组有 33例 (2 5 .0 0 % ) ,B组有 5 8例 (5 3.2 1% )出现高淀粉酶血症 (P <0 .0 1)。结论 :洛赛克能预防ERCP术后高淀粉酶血症及急性胰腺炎的发生。     

奥美拉唑预防逆行胰胆管造影术后急性胰腺炎的临床研究

目的 探讨奥美拉唑对诊断及治疗性逆行胰胆管造影(ERCP)引发急性胰腺炎的预防作用.方法 126例患者按检查顺序随机分为奥美拉唑组和安慰剂组,分别在ERCP术前2天及当天口服奥美拉唑20 mg及复合维生素B2片,每日2次.术前及术后4.24 h分别测定血清淀粉酶及肝肾功能,并对腹痛等症状进行评价.结果 术后奥美拉唑组无急性胰腺炎的发生,而安慰剂组则有1例(1.59%)发生轻型胰腺炎;术后4.24 h奥美拉唑组分别有13例(20.63%)、5例(7.93%)发生一过性高淀粉酶血症,安慰剂组则分别有19例(30.16%)、9例(14.29%)发生一过性高淀粉酶血症.奥美拉唑组ERCP术后急性胰腺炎发生率及术后4 h高淀粉酶血症发生率均明显低于安慰剂组,(P<0.01、P<0.05);两组术后24 h血清淀粉酶水平差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).结论 奥美拉唑对ERCP引发的急性胰腺炎有一定的预防作用.     

双氯芬酸钠和鼻胆管引流预防内镜逆行性胰胆管造影术后胰腺炎及高淀粉酶血症的效果

目的观察双氯芬酸钠栓剂及术后鼻胆管引流术(ENBD)对内镜逆行性胰胆管造影术(ERCP)后胰腺炎和高淀粉酶血症的预防效果。方法将行ERCP手术的150例患者按随机数字表法分为双氯芬酸钠组、ENBD组和对照组,每组50例,ERCP术前15 min分别给予3组患者肌注哌替啶50 mg、山莨菪碱10 mg及地西泮5 mg;选用35%优维显为造影剂,电子十二指肠镜选用Olympus TJF260型。对照组:给予安慰剂栓纳肛,术后予抗炎、补液、抑酸等常规治疗;双氯芬酸钠组:在常规治疗的基础上,术前1 h及术后1 h予双氯芬酸钠栓剂(湖北人福成田药业有限公司)50 mg纳肛。ENBD组:在常规治疗的基础上,术后予鼻胆管(日本Olympus)引流管置入,并保持引流通畅,术后禁食至血淀粉酶正常且无腹痛。观察术前,术后2、6、24 h血清淀粉酶水平,比较三组ERCP术后胰腺炎和高淀粉酶血症发生率。结果术前3组ERCP患者血清淀粉酶均正常。双氯芬酸钠组ERCP术后胰腺炎(PEP,6.0%)及高淀粉酶血症(4.0%)的发生率及ENBD组PEP(4.0%)及高淀粉酶血症(8.0%)的发生率与安慰剂组比较,均低于安慰剂组(18.0%和14.0%)(均P<0.05)。双氯芬酸钠组[术后2 h血清淀粉酶是(234.3±62.6)u/L,术后6 h检测值是(178.3±56.6)u/L]和ENBD组[术后2 h血清淀粉酶(227.9±76.8)u/L,术后6 h为(189.4±52.3)u/L]在术后2、6 h较安慰剂组[(345.7±76.1)u/L,(298.3±58.9)u/L]低(均P<0.05);但术后24 h各组间血清淀粉酶水平比较差异无统计学意义(均P>0.05)。结论双氯芬酸钠栓剂和ENBD可有效预防ERCP术后胰腺炎及高淀粉酶血症的发生。     

鼻胆管引流预防治疗性ERCP术后胰腺炎及高淀粉酶血症

目的　探讨内镜鼻胆管引流术预防治疗性ERCP术后胰腺炎及高淀粉酶血症的效果。方法　 14 0例治疗性ERCP术后有胰腺炎及高淀粉酶血症可能的病人。 5 4例高危病人术后置鼻胆管引流 ,与 86例非引流病人对照 ,观察术后 2h \2 4h血清淀粉酶值、高淀粉酶血症和急性胰腺炎发生率。结果　两组病人术后 2h血清淀粉酶值分别为 (170 .6 8± 116 .4 5 )和 (2 75 .84± 333.11) (P <0 .0 5 ) ,高淀粉酶血症分别为 9.2 6 %和2 6 .74 % (P <0 .0 5 ) ,急性胰腺炎发生率分别为 0与 6 .98% (P <0 .0 5 ) ,均具有显著差异 ;术后 2 4h血清淀粉酶值分别为 (2 34.4 7± 4 37.0 8)和 (349.4 9± 5 0 4 .5 2 ) (P >0 .0 5 ) ,胰管显影率分别为 39%和 34% (P >0 .0 5 ) ,均无显著差异。结论　内镜鼻胆管引流能有效预防治疗性ERCP术后胰腺炎及高淀粉酶血症。     

预防ERCP术后胰腺炎的临床研究

目的探讨内镜逆行胰胆管造影(ERCP)术后胰腺炎的预防措施。方法行ERCP患者164例,随机分为2组预防组82例,分别于术前3 0min皮下注射善宁0 1mg ,术后2 4h连续静脉滴注善宁针0 4mg ;对照组82例,ERCP术前术后不用善宁。2组患者术前、术后均不用其他任何抑制胰腺分泌及预防胰腺炎药物,并分别于术前、术后3、2 4h作血清淀粉酶测定,术前、术后2 4h作血清C反应蛋白(CRP)测定,同时观察胰腺炎的发生情况。结果预防组ERCP术后3、2 4h血淀粉酶分别为( 164±12 5 )U/L和( 2 0 4±195 )U/L ,明显低于对照组的( 2 79±2 0 1)U/L和( 4 98±3 82 )U/L(P <0 0 5 ) ;预防组血CRP明显低于对照组,预防组胰腺炎发生5例( 6 1% )明显低于对照组11例( 13 4% ) (P <0 0 5 )。结论ERCP术前及术后2 4h持续应用善宁有助于预防ERCP术后胰腺炎、减少组织损伤。     

生长抑素预防治疗性内镜逆行胰胆管造影术后高淀粉酶血症及胰腺炎的疗效观察

目的:探讨生长抑素(和宁)对治疗性内镜逆行胰胆管造影(ERCP)术后高淀粉酶血症及急性胰腺炎的预防作用。方法:行治疗性ERCP患者共164例分为两组,生长抑素组76例,术前30min开始静滴生长抑素(生理盐水1000mL加生长抑素6mg维持24h静滴)。对照组88例,同样在同一时间内静滴不加生长抑素的相同量的液体。分别于术前、术后6h、术后24h测定血清淀粉酶,同时观察胰腺炎的临床表现。结果:生长抑素组术后6h血清淀粉酶水平明显较对照组低,分别为(175.13±140.48)IU/L、(304.81±232.94)IU/L(P<0.01),生长抑素组24h血清淀粉酶水平也明显较对照组低,分别为(113.34±100.12)IU/L、(201.09±180.50)IU/L(P<0.01)。术后6h高淀粉酶血症发生率两组分别为32.9%、48.9%(P<0.05),术后24h高淀粉酶血症发生率两组分别为13.2%、27.3%(P<0.01)。生长抑素组及对照组治疗性ERCP术后胰腺炎发生率分别为1.3%、8.0%(P<0.05)。结论:生长抑素对治疗性ERCP术后高淀粉酶血症及胰腺炎有预防作用。     

内镜逆行性胰胆管造影术并发急性胰腺炎的预见性护理

目的探讨预防性护理在内镜逆行性胰胆管造影术(ERCP)并发急性胰腺炎的应用效果。方法选取在本院行ERCP术的患者220例,随机分为观察组和对照组各110例,对照组给予常规护理干预,观察组在常规护理基础上实施预防性护理干预。比较2组患者急性胰腺炎发生率、高淀粉酶血症发生率和护理满意度。结果观察组急性胰腺炎发生率4. 5%低于对照组的17. 3%(P 0. 05);观察组高淀粉酶血症发生率8. 2%低于对照组的24. 5%(P 0. 05);观察组患者对护理的满意度88. 2%高于对照组的70. 9%(P 0. 05)。结论在ERCP术后实施预见性护理,可减少术后急性胰腺炎和高淀粉酶血症的发生,提高患者对护理的满意度。     

小剂量奥曲肽预防ERCP术后高淀粉酶血症及胰腺炎的疗效

目的探讨小剂量奥曲肽术后应用对内镜逆行胰胆管造影(ERCP)术后高淀粉酶血症及急性胰腺炎的预防作用。方法行ERCP患者162例,随机分为两组:预防组78例,手术后皮下注射小剂量(0.1mg)奥曲肽;对照组84例于术中静滴生理盐水1000mL。两组患者于术前、术后均不应用其他抑制胰腺分泌及预防胰腺炎的药物,并分别于术前、术后6h、术后24h测定血清淀粉酶,同时观察胰腺炎的发生情况。结果预防组术后6h血清淀粉酶较对照组低,分别为391.63±283.06U/L、890.03±936.31U/L(P<0.0l);预防组术后24h血清淀粉酶较对照组低,分别为345.78±138.25U/L、703.21±459.88U/L(P<0.01)。术后胰腺炎发生率分别为1.3%、8.3%(P<0.05)。结论小剂量奥曲肽对ERCP术后高淀粉酶血症及胰腺炎有预防作用。     

帕瑞昔布钠预防内镜下逆行胰胆管造影术后胰腺炎和高淀粉酶血症的临床研究

目的 探讨帕瑞昔布钠对内镜下逆行胰胆管造影(ERCP)术后胰腺炎及高淀粉酶血症的预防作用.方法 将280名拟行ERCP且术前血清淀粉酶正常的患者,随机分为预防组(140例)及对照组(140例).预防组在ERCP术前30 min肌肉注射地西泮及山莨菪碱各10 mg,同时静脉注射帕瑞昔布钠40 mg;对照组在ERCP术前30 min肌肉注射地西泮及山莨菪碱各10 mg.分别于ERCP术后6及24 h检测血清淀粉酶水平并观察有无急性胰腺炎的临床表现.结果 ERCP术后预防组6和24 h血清淀粉酶的水平均低于对照组,差异均具有显著性(P＜0.05).术后急性胰腺炎的总发生率为7.1％,其中预防组和对照组急性胰腺炎的发生率分别为3.6％、10.6％,术后6及24h高淀粉酶血症的发生率分别为16.4％、29.3％和11.4％、20.7％,预防组高淀粉酶血症和急性胰腺炎的发生率均低于对照组,差异均具有显著性(P＜0.05).结论 帕瑞昔布钠可以有效地预防ERCP术后胰腺炎及高淀粉酶血症的发生.     

鼻胆管引流术在预防治疗性ERCP术后并发症的应用

目的探讨内镜下鼻胆管引流术在预防治疗性ERCP并发症的效果。方法分析2004年1月～2010年8月150例ERCP患者临床资料,其中76例于内镜治疗后行鼻胆管引流,74例患者未行鼻胆管引流。结果预防组术后4 h、24h分别有10例(13.2%)和5例(6.6%)发生高淀粉酶血症;对照组ERCP术后4 h、24 h分别有18例(24.3%)和10例(13.5%)发生高淀粉酶血症,ERCP术后高淀粉酶血症发生率,明显低于对照组。预防组1例(1.3%)发生轻症胰腺炎,对照组6例(8.1%)发生胰腺炎(P<0.05),急性胰腺炎发生率低于对照组。结论经内镜鼻胆管引流能够有效地预防ERCP术后急性胰腺炎及高淀粉酶血症的发生。     

消炎痛栓预防胆总管结石ERCP术后胰腺炎的效果

目的观察直肠应用消炎痛栓预防胆总管结石病人内镜下逆行胰胆管造影术（ERCP）术后胰腺炎、高淀粉酶血症的效果。方法将符合标准的胆总管结石病人113例随机分为2组,预防组60例,对照组53例。预防组术前1h给予消炎痛栓100mg塞肛,对照组不给予消炎痛栓。测定两组病人术前及术后6、24h血清淀粉酶水平,观察ERCP术后高淀粉酶血症、急性胰腺炎的发生率。结果预防组ERCP术后6、24h血清淀粉酶水平明显低于对照组（t=-2．31、-2．20,P％0．05）。预防组胰腺炎及高淀粉酶血症发生率明显低于对照组（χ^2=3．902、5．316,P〈0．05）。结论直肠应用消炎痛栓可以预防胆总管结石病人ERCP术后高淀粉酶血症及胰腺炎的发生。     

头孢呋辛联合硝酸甘油预防ERCP术后胰腺炎的临床疗效

目的探讨分析头孢呋辛联合硝酸甘油预防经内镜逆行胰胆管造影(ERCP)术后胰腺炎的临床疗效。方法选取2007年6月至2011年10月收治的86例接受ERCP的患者,随机分成实验组与对照组,各42例。实验组患者于术前、术后接受头孢呋辛联合硝酸甘油的预防措施,对照组患者不接受任何预防措施,观察两组患者的术前、术后血清淀粉酶含量C反应蛋白(CPR)水平及术后胰腺类发生率。结果实验组与对照组患者术前血清淀粉酶的含量比较差异无显著性(P>0.05),术后3 h,6 h,24 h两组患者血清淀粉酶的含量比较差异有显著性(P<0.05);实验组与对照组患者术前血清CRP的含量比较差异无显著性(P>0.05),术后12 h,24 h两组患者血清CRP的含量差异比较有统计学意义(P<0.05);实验组术后共有1例患者发生高淀粉酶血症,1例患者发生急性胰腺炎,对照组术后共有5例发生高淀粉酶血症,4例发生急性胰腺炎,两组患者并发症发生情况的差异比较有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论头孢呋辛联合硝酸甘油预防ERCP术后胰腺炎疗效显著,且价格低廉,能够进行普及,值得在临床上推广。     

鼻胆管引流对内镜逆行胰胆管造影术后高淀粉酶血症及胰腺炎的预防结果

目的:探讨鼻胆管引流用于预防内镜逆行胰胆管造影术(ERCP)后高淀粉酶血症和胰腺炎的临床效果。方法:将120例拟行ERCP的患者随机分为对照组和试验组,每组各60例。对照组患者在ERCP后,未给予鼻胆管引流;试验组患者在ERCP后,给予鼻胆管引流。分别在术后3、12、24 h测定2组患者血清淀粉酶水平,比较2组患者高淀粉酶血症及胰腺炎的发生率。结果:试验组和对照组患者的性别、年龄等差异均无统计学意义(P0.05)。试验组高淀粉酶血症发生率为10%,显著低于对照组(26.7%),P0.01;试验组胰腺炎发生率为3.33%,显著低于对照组(11.67%),P0.05。试验组术后3、12、24 h血清淀粉酶水平明显低于对照组(P0.05)。结论:ERCP术后行鼻胆管引流可有效预防高淀粉酶血症及胰腺炎的发生,值得推广。     

重症急性胰腺炎大鼠模型的改良

目的：探讨5％牛磺胆酸钠逆行胆胰管注射诱导重症急性胰腺炎大鼠模型的相关技术的改良。方法：将36只健康雄性SD大鼠随机分为模型组（n=18）和假手术组（n=18），应用经胆胰管近十二指肠开口端逆行刺入注射5％牛磺胆酸钠诱导重症急性胰腺炎动物模型；两组均在模型诱导后3、6、12h检测血淀粉酶、胰腺组织含水量，观察胰腺组织形态变化．光镜下进行胰腺病变程度Kusske评分。结果：模型组在模型诱导后3、6、12h血淀粉酶、胰腺组织含水量、胰腺大体病理的Hughes评分和胰腺组织学Kusske评分比假手术组明显升高（P〈0．05，P〈0．01）。结论：此大鼠模型是SAP大鼠模型诱导方法的有效改进，具有创伤小，操作简便，存活时间长、模型诱导成功率高的特点，是较为理想的SAP动物模型。     

生长抑素对ERCP术后胰腺功能的影响

目的探讨生长抑素预防经内镜逆行性胰胆管造影(ERCP)术后高淀粉酶血症及胰腺炎的价值。方法 153例行ERCP的患者随机分为两组。对照组75例,给予常规治疗;治疗组78例,在对照组的基础上加用生长抑素治疗。观察术后淀粉酶及腹痛情况。结果治疗组术后6 h及24 h血清淀粉酶分别为(212.15±43.26)U/L、(128.24±35.62)U/L,对照组为(402.27±38.51)U/L、(214.35±41.28)U/L(P<0.01)。治疗组与对照组术后6 h、24 h高淀粉酶血症发生率分别为20.51%、11.54%和38.67%、26.67%(P<0.05);术后胰腺炎发生率分别为3.85%和16.00%(P<0.05)。结论生长抑素能有效预防ERCP术后高淀粉酶血症及胰腺炎。     

Post-ERCP pancreatitis and hyperamylasemia: patient-related and operative risk factors

BACKGROUND AND STUDY AIMS: Previous studies on the development of post-endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (post-ERCP) hyperamylasemia and pancreatitis have focused on different risk factors, either procedure- or patient-related, and also prognostic factors, such as amylase levels together with the occurrence of pancreatic-type pain, which might be implicated. The aim of this study is to identify possible predictive risk factors and also prognostic factors in order to better organize the treatment strategy. PATIENTS AND METHODS: During a 5-year period, 556 ERCP procedures were performed by the same operator. Of these, 43 procedures were excluded from the study. Data recorded from the procedures included both patient characteristics and procedure details. Patients were evaluated for pancreatic-type pain at 4 and 24 h after the procedure, and serum amylase levels were determined at 2 and 24 h after the procedure. Pancreatitis was diagnosed on the basis of both clinical and laboratory examination, while patients with hyperamylasemia were in a normal clinical condition but had high serum amylase levels. RESULTS: Post-ERCP pancreatitis occurred after 17 procedures (3.3%) and hyperamylasemia after 85 procedures (16.5%). Patients who developed pancreatitis all had pancreatic-type pain together with amylase levels higher than 4-5 times the upper normal limit at 24 h after ERCP. There was a significant association between serum amylase levels and post-procedure pancreatic-type pain both at 4 h and 24 h after ERCP (P = 0.006). Age less than 50 years, history of relapsing pancreatitis, pancreatic duct opacification, and difficulty in obtaining bile duct cannulation all proved to be significant predictive risk factors for the development of either hyperamylasemia or pancreatitis. In contrast, additional procedures and sphincterotomy seemed to reduce the likelihood of both complications. CONCLUSIONS: Serum amylase levels higher than 4 - 5 times the normal upper limit together with the existence of pancreatic-type pain, at 24 h after ERCP, strongly suggest the occurrence of pancreatitis. When any of the predictive risk factors coexist during a procedure it would be better either to abandon the procedure and try again later or, if the situation is urgent, to have earlier recourse to an alternative, such as precut or needle-knife papillotomy.     

Is endoscopic balloon dilation for removal of bile duct stones associated with an increased risk for pancreatitis or a higher rate of hyperamylasemia?

BACKGROUND AND STUDY AIMS: We studied the rate of pancreatitis and asymptomatic hyperamylasemia after endoscopic balloon dilation (EBD) and endoscopic sphincterotomy (EST) for removal of bile duct stones. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Patients with bile duct stones of all sizes were randomly allocated to undergo EBD (8-mm dilation balloon) or EST. Pancreatitis was defined as epigastric pain combined with at least a threefold rise in serum amylase at 24 hours after the endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP). Asymptomatic hyperamylasemia was defined as a threefold rise in serum amylase without epigastric pain. RESULTS: There were 180 patients (67 men, 113 women; mean age 67, SD 16.2) available for analysis. Complete stone removal after a single ERCP was achieved in 82 (88%) of 93 EBD patients and in 81 (93%) of 87 EST patients (P = 0.38). Mechanical lithotripsy was used more frequently in the EBD group (31% vs. 13%, P = 0.005). Early complications occurred in 16 EBD patients (17%) and in 19 EST patients (22%) (P = 0.46). Pancreatitis was observed in seven patients in each group (8%). Logistic regression identified no significant predictors for the occurrence of pancreatitis. Asymptomatic hyperamylasemia occurred in 21 EBD patients (23%) vs seven EST patients (8%) (P = 0.008). Logistic regression identified EBD as the only significant predictor for asymptomatic hyperamylasemia: odds ratio 2.9 (95% confidence interval (CI) 1.1 to 7.3, R2 = 0.02). CONCLUSIONS: We did not observe a difference in the rate of pancreatitis between EBD and EST. Asymptomatic hyperamylasemia was observed more frequently after EBD. Although asymptomatic hyperamylasemia is not a clinical entity, this finding may indicate that EBD causes more irritation of the pancreas than EST.     

Neutrophil activation and hyperamylasaemia after endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography: potential role for the leukocyte in the pathogenesis of acute pancreatitis

BACKGROUND AND STUDY AIMS: Hyperamylasaemia occurs in up to 60% of patients following endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP), and in a small proportion of patients (1-5%) acute pancreatitis may develop. We evaluated the role of the neutrophil in post-ERCP hyperamylasaemia and acute pancreatitis by measuring circulating CD11b adhesion receptor expression--an indicator of leukocyte activation. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A total of 43 patients undergoing elective ERCP were studied. Peripheral blood measurements of amylase activity and neutrophil CD11b content (by flow cytometry) were made immediately before ERCP (baseline), and at 2 and 24 hours after the procedure. RESULTS: ERCP induced an increase in amylase level above baseline in 41 of 43 patients. The 2-hour and 24-hour post-ERCP amylase levels were directly related (R = 0.9, P < 0.01). Baseline CD11b receptor status was positively correlated with post-ERCP amylase activity (R = 0.4, P < 0.05), and this relationship was stronger when pancreatography had been performed (R = 0.67, P < 0.01). Three patients (7%) developed clinical acute pancreatitis, with post-ERCP amylase levels persistently elevated above 1000 IU/l. Multiple linear regression identified CD11b expression as the most significant explanatory variable for amylase level after ERCP (multiple R = 0.74, P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: The findings from this pilot study indicate an association between neutrophil activation and hyperamylasaemia following ERCP, and suggest a role for this leukocyte in the pathogenesis of pancreatitis. Further study of neutrophil characteristics may allow identification of individual susceptibility to ERCP-induced pancreatic injury.