碘酚应用于口腔止血的疗效观察

目的：评价碘酚用于急性牙龈出血，拔牙术后出血的临床疗效。方法：对156例急性牙龈出血，102例拔牙伤口缝合后仍出血患者，采用碘酚棉球填塞止血并观察疗效，结果：156例急性牙龈出血，一次出血成功者145例，2次以上止血成功者11例，102例拔牙术后出血全部一次止血成功，结论：利用碘酚的烧灼性，腐蚀性破坏增生的炎性肉芽组织，改善局部环境，治疗该类患者出血，值得在临床上应用。     

高锰酸钾治疗拔牙创牙龈出血142例报告

拔牙创伤渗血和牙龈出血为口腔常见的急症。笔者自1 993年 6月份以来 ,采取局部用高锰酸钾止血 1 42例 ,报告如下。1 临床资料 :男性 54例 ,女性 88例 ,年龄 2 5～ 60岁 ,其中拔牙创伤出血 47例、牙龈出血 95例。2 治疗方法 :(1 )拔牙伤口止血方法 :去除原止血棉球及原有血凝块 ,用棉球隔湿 ,嘱病人张大口 ,快速将粘有数个高锰酸钾小颗粒棉球放入伤口出血点 ,1～ 3分钟出血停止后取出 ,用消毒干棉球放在伤口处 ,嘱病人咬压 30分钟即可。(2 )牙龈出血止血方法 :牙龈出血点多在龈乳头部位 ,周围用干棉球隔湿 ,出血部位用干棉球压数秒钟后 ,…     

牙龈出血不止临床应急止血方法的研究

目的　寻找一种治疗牙龈出血不止的快速有效的应急止血方法。方法　将近 5年因牙龈出血不止而急诊的患者 47例随机分为治疗组 (3 1例 )和对照组 (16例 ) ,应急止血方法治疗组局部洁治术 +口服抗菌素 ,对照组明胶海绵局部压迫止血 +口服或静滴抗菌素和止血药物 ,观察 1天 ,以牙龈出血停止时间及有无反复出血 ,出血是否停止来判断疗效。结果　治疗组应急止血 ,总有效率为 96.8% ,高于对照组 75 % (P <0 .0 5 )。结论　牙龈出血不止临床应急止血方法应首选局部洁治术。     

牙龈出血96例的治疗及分析

作者在口腔急诊中治疗了牙龈出血患者 96例 ,现将治疗体会和病因分析报告如下。临床资料96例牙龈出血患者中 ,男性 49例 ,女性 47例 ;年龄 1 0～ 68岁 ;皆因牙龈出血半小时内不能自止而急诊。 48%当天不能止血者均结合病史作生化检验。治疗方法1 局部治疗 :①局部用药 :云南白药、肾上腺素及明胶海绵 ,以棉球压迫 1小时 ,创口裂开者适当拉拢缝合 ;②保持口腔卫生 ,局部用 3%双氧水等含漱 ,避免进太硬或过热的食物 ;③合并全身疾病者避免口腔手术 ,待病情稳定后 ,在不引起出血的原则下去除刺激因素 ,如拔除残根 ,清除牙石。2 全身用药 :①…     

拔牙后伤口出血的治疗护理

拔牙后伤口出血是临床上拔牙术后常见的并发症 ,是指术后 1小时在去除棉球 ,创口有明显出血 ,或术后 48小时以上创口感染血凝块分解后发生的出血 ,了解拔牙伤口出血原因 ,对于防治拔牙后出血至关重要。临床资料本文收集了因拔牙后不同程度伤口出血来我院急诊室看急诊的 2 0例患者 ,女 1 2例 ,男 8例 ,年龄最大 76岁 ,最小1 6岁 ,具体情况见表 1。表 1　拔牙后出血原因和止血方法原因例数比例止血方法1 炎症期拔牙 4 2 0 %消炎、拔牙伤口填塞碘纺纱条、缝合伤口2 反复漱口、吐唾、过热饮食 315%解除紧张心理 ,明胶海绵填塞 ,并用棉球压迫止…     

169例急性牙龈出血的病因分析与治疗

目的 探讨牙龈岀血的主要病因和治疗方法。方法 收集急性牙龈出血病例169例,进行检查、诊断和治疗。自行设计问卷对患者进行问卷调查和统计分析。结果 由局部因素引起的急性牙龈出血113例,占66.86%,应急止血加洁治并去除局部因素后彻底止血109例,有效率为96.46%,辅助应用抗生素后所有患者急性牙龈出血症状均消失;由全身因素引起的急性牙龈出血56例,占33.14%,应急止血后彻底止血27例,有效率仅为48.21%,辅助全身因素治疗和止血药物后,共50例牙龈出血明显减轻,有效率为89.29%,但仍有6例无明显疗效,占10.71%。结论 口腔局部因素是引起急性牙龈出血的主要原因,可应急止血后去除局部因素达到根治目的 ;全身因素引起的急性牙龈岀血应在口腔局部处理的基础上对因治疗,预防再次牙龈出血。     

血友病患者口腔出血的处理

目的 探讨血友病患者口腔出血的临床特点及处理方法。方法 对19例血友病口腔出血患者临床资料进行分析讨论。结果 12例用细针细线严密缝合、明胶海绵、碘酚棉球填塞等局部处理后止血成功，7例术后经输入凝血因子Ⅷ、输全血等综合措施止血。结论 对血友病患者的口腔牙槽窝粘膜出血可采用明胶海绵、碘酚棉球填塞止血。口腔软组织损伤出血采用细针细线严密缝合止血，术后采用输入凝血因子Ⅷ、输全血等方式综合处理。     

牙龈出血1例报告

患者 ,女 ,农民 ,1998年 9月 2 5日晚 9时因牙龈出血来院急诊 ,3h前无明显诱因突发口内出血难以自行止血 ,到卫生室求治 ,给以止血药物肌注和局部用肾上腺素药物棉压迫止血 ,效果不佳。专科检查 :5 |　| 7缺失 ,全口牙龈见血性分泌物附着 ,用棉球拭去牙龈血迹后 ,发现 | 45牙龈乳头渗血 ,牙龈红牙石 。处理 ,行全口龈上洁治术 ,上碘甘油 ,牙龈出血停止 ,口服抗炎 ,止血药物 ,并进行口腔卫生宣教 ,随防一年 ,未见牙龈再次出血发生。牙龈出血1例报告@朱然!454582河南$沁阳市崇义卫生院五官科…     

Gelatamp胶质银明胶海绵在前牙区Ⅱ型种植位点的临床应用研究

目的:观察Gelatamp胶质银明胶海绵在前牙区Ⅱ型种植位点的临床应用效果。方法:选择40例前牙区拔牙拟作Ⅱ型种植的病人,随机分层分为Gelatamp胶质银明胶海绵填塞止血组(试验组)及棉球压迫止血组(对照组)。拔牙后,试验组在牙槽窝置入Gelatamp胶质银明胶海绵,对照组常规紧咬棉球30分钟后取出,观察比较两组的止血效果和4周后行Ⅱ型种植手术前拔牙位点软组织愈合的情况。结果:试验组拔牙创出血很快停止,出血平均时间为0.67分,试验组、对照组止血效果有效率分别为100%,80%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。在4周后Ⅱ型种植手术前试验组、对照组的软组织愈合良好率分别为70%和40%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:Gelatamp胶质银明胶海绵,能显著缩短出血时间,有效增强止血效果,具有止血和持久杀菌的双重效果,有利于形成良好的软组织,有利于早期种植体植入后封闭创面,具有一定的临床应用价值。     

明胶海棉填塞法在龈乳头出血应急处理中的应用

目的：探讨明胶海绵填塞法在龈乳头出血应急处理中的疗效。方法：在口腔科门急诊随机选取龈乳头出血患者63例，将明胶海绵块搓捻成条索状，楔人患者出血龈乳头所在的牙间隙中，2d后复诊观察填塞后的止血效果。结果：包括1例腭大动脉破裂大出血在内的63例龈乳头出血患者，经过明胶海绵牙间隙填塞，复诊皆未发现再次出血。结论：在龈乳头出血的应急处理中，明胶海绵牙间隙填塞法操作简单、止血效果明确，值得临床推广应用。     

Gingival recession, gingival bleeding, and dental calculus in adults 30 years of age and older in the United States, 1988-1994

BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence and extent of gingival recession, gingival bleeding, and dental calculus in United States adults, using data collected in the third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III). METHODS: The study group consisted of 9,689 persons 30 to 90 years of age obtained by a stratified, multi-stage probability sampling method in 1988 to 1994. The weighted sample is representative of U.S. adults 30 years or older and represents approximately 105.8 million civilian, non-institutionalized Americans. Gingival recession, gingival bleeding, and dental calculus were assessed at the mesio-buccal and mid-buccal surfaces in 2 randomly selected quadrants, one maxillary and one mandibular. Data analysis accounted for the complex sampling design used. RESULTS: We estimate that 23.8 million persons have one or more tooth surfaces with > or = 3 mm gingival recession; 53.2 million have gingival bleeding; 97.1 million have calculus; and 58.3 million have subgingival calculus; and the corresponding percentages are 22.5%, 50.3%, 91.8%, and 55.1% of persons, respectively. The prevalence, extent, and severity of gingival recession increased with age, as did the prevalence of subgingival calculus and the extent of teeth with calculus and gingival bleeding. Males had significantly more gingival recession, gingival bleeding, subgingival calculus, and more teeth with total calculus than females. Of the 3 race/ethnic groups studied, non-Hispanic blacks had the highest prevalence and extent of gingival recession and dental calculus, whereas Mexican Americans had the highest prevalence and extent of gingival bleeding. Mexican Americans had similar prevalence and extent of gingival recession compared with non-Hispanic whites. Gingival recession was much more prevalent and also more severe at the buccal than the mesial surfaces of teeth. Gingival bleeding also was more prevalent at the buccal than mesial surfaces, whereas calculus was most often present at the mesial than buccal surfaces. CONCLUSIONS: Dental calculus, gingival bleeding, and gingival recession are common in the U.S. adult population. In addition to their unfavorable effect on esthetics and self-esteem, these conditions also are associated with destructive periodontal diseases and root caries. Appropriate measures to prevent or control these conditions are desirable, and this may also be effective in improving the oral health of the U.S. adult population.     

经置留管注射碘酊治疗舌下腺囊肿的临床探讨

目的:探讨经置留管注射2.5%碘酊治疗舌下腺囊肿的效果。方法:把64例单侧单纯型舌下腺囊肿随机分成2组,32例采用置留管缝合固定术和经管注入2.5%碘酊的方法治疗(研究组),另32例采用直接穿刺抽吸囊液后2.5%碘酊注射法作为对照。结果 :观察半年,研究组治愈率达93.75%,对照组为62.50%,两组比较,差异有统计学意义(P=0.002)。结论:经置留管注射2.5%碘酊于囊腔治疗舌下腺囊肿具有良好的临床疗效。     

Assessment using human dental pulp cells of clastogenicity of antiseptics used in dental practice and agents for root canal enlargement and cleaning

Numerous and varied chemical agents are used as topically applied drugs in dental practice. As they are administered directly to the oral cavity, it is important to study the safety of these agents. In the present study, to assess safety regarding mutagenicity, we investigated the abilities of six antiseptics to induce chromosome aberrations in human dental pulp cells. The antiseptics tested were benzalkonium chloride, benzethonium chloride, iodine glycerin, iodine tincture, oxydol, and povidone–iodine. In addition, we tested two agents used for root canal enlargement and cleaning, ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid and sodium hypochlorite. Chromosome aberrations were induced only in cells treated with the highest concentration of iodine tincture for 30 h. The other chemical agents failed to induce chromosome aberrations in the presence or absence of exogenous metabolic activation. The concentration of iodine tincture to which patients are exposed in dental practice is 1000-fold the concentration that induced chromosome aberrations in the present study. Our findings suggest that iodine tincture is mutagenic to human cells.     

Gingival bleeding in 6- to 13-year-old children with diabetes mellitus

PURPOSE: This study assessed gingival bleeding in diabetic children during the mixed dentition period. METHODS: Three hundred fifty-five 6- to 13-year-old diabetic (99% type 1) and nondiabetic control children in the mixed dentition stage were evaluated from a total cohort of 700 6- to 18-year-old children. Gingival status was assessed, and data on important diabetes-related variables were collected. Analyses were performed using Poisson's regression. RESULTS: Diabetic children had significantly more gingival bleeding than controls for both primary and permanent teeth. The risk of gingival bleeding around the primary teeth in cases was 35% more than in the control group (P=.001); and the risk of gingival bleeding around the permanent teeth in cases was 57% more than in the controls (P<.001). The number of teeth with bleeding had a very modest, but statistically significant, association with: (1) mean HbA1c; (2) body mass index (BMI)-for-age percentile; and (3) duration of diabetes. CONCLUSIONS: These findings demonstrate that diabetic children are at a significantly higher risk for gingival bleeding. Diabetes-related oral complications affect the primary periodontium as early as age 6 and possibly earlier. The emphasis on oral hygiene may be valuable in preventing future periodontal complications in diabetic patients.     

江苏省12~15岁中学生牙周健康状况抽样调查

目的通过调查江苏省中学生牙龈出血、牙石指数等牙周临床指标,了解该地区中学生牙周健康状况,为制定江苏省中学生口腔卫生保健工作提供一定的理论依据。方法采用分层多阶段等容量随机抽样的方法抽取12~15岁4个年龄段中学生共3914人。检查其牙龈出血、牙石、牙周袋深度及15岁中学生附着丧失情况,采取非参数检验分析均数,采取卡方检验分析率。结果江苏省12~15岁中学生牙龈出血检出率为89.68%,男女间无明显差异,乡村显著低于城市(P<0.001);牙石检出率为84.59%,男性明显高于女性(P<0.05),乡村显著低于城市(P<0.001)。其中12岁、13岁、14岁、15岁牙龈出血检出率分别为89.16%、89.05%、89.06%、91.46%,年龄组间无明显统计学差异;牙石检出率分别为79.75%、83.16%、85.48%、90.02%,其中12与14岁、12与15岁、13与15岁、14与15岁之间有统计学差异(P<0.05)。结论江苏省12~15岁中学生牙龈出血和牙石检出率较高,牙龈炎症控制情况不良,明显低于全国平均水平,应加强中学生的口腔健康教育工作。     

派丽奥防治正畸基牙牙龈炎的临床研究

目的：观察“派丽奥”防治正畸矫治中出现牙龈炎症的临床疗效。方法：随机选择60例接受正畸治疗的牙龈炎病人，分为两组每组各30例，记录牙龈指数（GI）、菌斑指数（PLI）、出血指数（BI），基础治疗后，实验组和对照组分别给派丽奥和碘甘油，每周注药1次，共4次，停药后4周进行对比观察。结果：对照组有效率为52％，实验组有效率达94％。结论：派丽奥能有效抑制牙周袋内细菌的生长，维持固定正畸矫治中牙周健康，阻止牙龈炎的发生。     

The occurrence of plaque and gingivitis and its relationship to tooth alignment within the dental arches

Abstract The aim of the present investigation was to evaluate whether and to what degree discrepancies in tooth alignment can influence plaque accumulation and gingival status, An intra-individual study was performed on 30 children with unilateral malposition of upper lateral incisors (15 children) and lower second premolars (15 children). Corresponding contralateral teeth were used as controls. The meanage was 14.4 years. The degree of malalignment in individual cases was assessed using a new malposition index (MPI). Plaque and gingival condition were assessed according to Silness & Löe (1964) and Löe & Silness (1963), respectively. The test and control areas were compared with regard to plaque accumulation and gingival status. Correlation analysis was performed to test the connection between these two parameters and tooth malalignment. The frequency of visible plaque (P1I 2+ 3) and gingival bleeding (GI 2 + 3) was generally higher for the test areas compared with the control areas. A comparison between the test and control areas showed the difference in gingival bleeding to be significant and of similar magnitude as regards upper laterals and lower second premolars. The difference in visible plaque was less marked but still significant. The correlation analysis did not show any connection between the degree of plaque accumulation or gingival inflammation and the degree of tooth malalignment. The differences found between normal and malaligned teeth thus showed a difnite trend, namely:

• – plaque and gingivitis were more widespread around malaligned upper lateral incisors and lower second premolars than around contralateral teeth well positioned within the dental arches.
• – the degree of malalignment was of secondary importance.

     

Evaluation of 2 methods to assess gingival bleeding in smokers and non-smokers in natural and experimental gingivitis

Abstract. The purpose of the present study was to compare the bleeding tendency as elicited by probing the marginal gingiva (BOMP) and probing to the bottom of the pocket (BOPP) in smokers and non-smokers in natural gingivitis and during experimental gingivitis, 11 smokers (sm) and 14 non-smokers (nsm) were recruited. When they had less than 20% approximal bleeding sites, they entered a 14-day trial period of experimental gingivitis'. Subjects returned 30 days later, after resuming normal oral hygiene procedures, for a final gingival assessment. A split-mouth design was chosen using 2 contra-lateral quadrants for each index (being either BOMP or BOPP). A consistently higher bleeding score of approximately 10% was observed by probing to the bottom of the pocket. At day 14 with both indices, a significant difference between smokers and non-smokers was detected (BOMP: sm=15%, nsm = 30%; BOPP: sm = 27%, nsm=44%). The increment between gingival health and experimental gingivitis was significantly higher in non-smokers than in smokers but comparable for both indices (BOMP: sm=8%, nsm = 23%; BOPP: sm=9%, nsm=26%). Probing to the bottom of the pocket results in significantly more bleeding in gingival health and gingivitis as compared to probing of the marginal gingiva. This shows that evaluation of the gingival condition with BOMP, the method of choice with respect to gingivitis, can be used as a parameter for inflammation when comparing smokers and nonsmokers. The suppressed inflammatory response to plaque accumulation, as observed in smokers, indicates that they should be identified as a separate group when they participate as panellists in (experimentally induced) gingivitis     

A randomized controlled trial of a power brush/irrigator/mouthrinse routine on plaque and gingivitis reduction in orthodontic patients

Objectives:To assess plaque and gingivitis reduction in orthodontic patients after 4 weeks'' use of an oscillating-rotating power brush, irrigator, and mouthrinse.Materials and Methods:This was a randomized, examiner-blind, clinical trial comparing plaque and gingivitis outcomes for an experimental power brush/irrigator/mouthrinse oral hygiene routine vs a dental prophylaxis followed by regular manual brushing (positive control). Fifty-one participants with fixed orthodontic appliances in the upper and lower jaw and a minimum of 15 gingival bleeding sites were randomly assigned to experimental or positive control treatment. Both groups were instructed to use their products at least twice daily. At baseline, week 1, and week 4, plaque was evaluated using digital plaque imaging analysis and a conventional subjective index. Gingival inflammation and bleeding were also measured. Analysis of covariance was used to compare groups.Results:Fifty-one participants (mean age = 13.9 years) were randomized; 50 (25 per group) completed the study. At baseline, group means were not statistically different (P > .1) for gingival inflammation or bleeding. At week 4, the experimental and control groups had a 10.0% to 32.7% and 5.9% to 6.7% reduction vs baseline, respectively, in plaque (across both methods); 12.6% and 8.3% reduction, respectively, in gingival inflammation; and 50.6% and 37.8% reduction, respectively, in bleeding. At week 4, group differences favoring the experimental group were statistically significant (P < .05) for gingival inflammation, gingival bleeding, and plaque (by conventional and digital imaging indexes).Conclusions:Use of a power brush/irrigator/mouthrinse resulted in statistically significantly greater plaque and gingivitis reductions than prophylaxis followed by manual brushing in patients with fixed appliances over 4 weeks.     

西帕依固龈液治疗青春期牙龈炎的临床疗效评价

目的 评价西帕依固龈液体防治青春期牙龈炎的临床疗效.方法 将80例青春期牙龈炎患者随机分成实验组30例、对照组30例及空白组20例,分别使用西帕依固龈液、复方氯己定含漱液及生理盐水,嘱患者含漱5ml/次,3 min/次,3次/d,使用2周.观察患者的牙龈指数(gingival index,GI),龈沟出血指数(sulcus bleeding index,SBI),菌斑指数(plaque index,PLI).结果 2周后实验组和对照组患者的GI,SBI,PLI均有明显改善(P＜0.05),空白组无显著变化.对照组的不良反应发生率为16.7％,实验组和空白组无不良反应.结论 西帕依固龈液能降低GI,SBI,PLI指数,改善牙龈症状,且不良反应发生率低,对青春期牙龈炎有一定的治疗效果.