宫颈鳞癌临床分期和淋巴结转移高危因素分析

目的:分析宫颈鳞癌临床分期的准确性、淋巴结转移规律及与各临床病理因素的相关性,探讨淋巴结转移的高危因素及术前临床分期存在的问题和补充改进方法。方法:收集我院行根治性子宫切除+盆腔淋巴结清扫术508例临床ⅠA～ⅡB期宫颈鳞癌患者的临床病理资料,比较临床分期与手术-病理分期(pTNM)的结果,并分析临床病理因素与淋巴结转移之间的关系。结果:临床分期总的准确率为60.2%。单因素分析显示间质浸润深度、淋巴血管间隙浸润(LVSI)、临床分期、宫旁浸润、切缘浸润、阴道浸润、宫体浸润与淋巴结转移相关(P<0.05);多因素分析提示仅间质浸润深度、LVSI、临床分期与淋巴结转移相关(P<0.05)。结论:宫颈鳞癌临床分期的准确性欠佳,应用影像学检查(如MRI)等可能有助于提高分期准确率。间质浸润深度、LVSI、临床分期与淋巴结转移密切相关。     

早期宫颈癌淋巴脉管间隙浸润与临床病理因素及预后的关系

目的:研究早期宫颈癌淋巴脉管间隙浸润(LVSI)与临床病理因素及预后的关系,以指导早期宫颈癌的治疗并判断预后。方法:回顾性收集280例早期宫颈癌(ⅠA2~ⅡB)患者的临床及病理资料,所有患者2009年1月至2012年6月于大连市妇产医院初治手术治疗,术式为经腹或腹腔镜下广泛性子宫切除术+盆腔淋巴结切除术±腹主动脉旁淋巴结切除术。根据术后是否存在高危因素,进行辅助放疗或联合放化疗。采用单因素分析研究LVSI与各临床病理因素的关系,进一步对单因素分析结果中与LVSI关系显著的临床病理因素进行多因素分析,确定其独立的危险因素。绘制生存曲线,确定LVSI对患者生存的影响。结果:①单因素分析显示:LVSI与宫颈癌组织学类型、分化程度、淋巴结转移、浸润深度有关(P<0.05),与年龄、宫旁受累、病灶大小、FIGO分期无关(P>0.05);多因素分析显示LVSI是分化程度、淋巴结转移及浸润深度的独立危险因素(P<0.05)。②LVSI阳性患者的5年无病生存率为74%,总生存率为80%;LVSI阴性患者的5年无病生存率及总生存率均为93%(P<0.05)。结论:LVSI阳性一定程度上能更早地提示淋巴结转移的潜在风险,是发生淋巴结转移的独立危险因素,并能显著降低早期宫颈癌患者的5年无病生存率及总生存率。LVSI阳性早期宫颈癌患者可能浸润深度更深、分化程度更差,但需更多研究证实。     

早期子宫颈腺癌盆腔淋巴结转移高危因素分析

目的:探讨早期子宫颈腺癌盆腔淋巴结转移高危因素,为临床是否切除盆腔淋巴结提供参考。方法:收集418例早期子宫颈腺癌患者临床病理资料,进行单因素及多因素Logistic回归分析盆腔淋巴结转移的高危因素。结果:患者发病年龄18～69岁,孕次0～11次,产次0～5次,体质量指数15.15～32.42 kg/m~2。临床表现以接触性出血及阴道不规则流血多见,分别占43.78%(183/418)及31.10%(130/418)。临床分期以ⅠB1期为主,有244例(58.37%);组织学类型以子宫颈腺癌普通型为主,有219例(52.39%)。患者盆腔淋巴结转移率为17.46%(73/418)。单因素分析发现术前未行新辅助化疗、临床分期、组织学类型、肿瘤直径、子宫颈间质浸润深度、淋巴脉管间隙浸润、宫旁浸润、切缘浸润、阴道浸润、宫体浸润、输卵管转移是盆腔淋巴结转移的影响因素(P0.05)。多因素Logistic回归分析发现,FIGO临床分期Ⅱ期(OR 3.658,95%CI 1.950～6.680)、子宫颈间质浸润深度≥1/2(OR 4.962,95%CI 2.110～11.669)、淋巴脉管间隙浸润(OR 2.279,95%CI 1.190～4.363)、宫体浸润(OR 2.124,95%CI 1.115～4.047)、输卵管转移(OR 6.429,95%CI 1.473～28.063)是盆腔淋巴结转移的高危因素(P0.05)。结论:早期子宫颈腺癌患者中,FIGO临床分期Ⅱ期、子宫颈间质浸润深度≥1/2、淋巴脉管间隙浸润、宫体浸润、输卵管转移的子宫颈腺癌患者发生盆腔淋巴结转移可能性大,应行盆腔淋巴结切除术。     

Ⅰ～Ⅲ期子宫内膜癌淋巴结转移及预后的相关因素分析

目的:探讨国际妇产科联盟(FIGO)Ⅰ～Ⅲ期子宫内膜癌患者的临床病理特征与淋巴结转移及预后的相关因素。方法:选择2009～2020年于安徽医科大学第一附属医院妇科因子宫内膜癌行分期手术的患者1346例为研究对象(其中130例淋巴结阳性),对其临床病理特征行单因素及Logistic、Cox多因素回归模型分析与淋巴结转移及生存期预后的相关因素。结果:(1)单因素分析提示:病理类型、组织学分级、肌层浸润深度、肿瘤直径、子宫颈侵犯、淋巴脉管间隙浸润(LVSI)、术前CA_(125)及卵巢受累与淋巴结转移有关(P0.05)。多因素的Logistic回归分析显示:病理类型为非子宫内膜样癌、子宫颈侵犯、LVSI阳性、术前CA_(125)≥35 U/L、卵巢受累是淋巴结转移的独立危险因素(OR1,P0.05)。(2)单因素分析提示:病理类型、组织学分级、肌层浸润深度、子宫颈侵犯、LVSI、淋巴结转移、卵巢受累及术后辅助治疗与总生存期有关(P0.05)。多因素Cox回归验证及Kaplan-Meier生存曲线显示:非子宫内膜样癌、子宫颈侵犯、LVSI阳性和淋巴结转移是影响总生存期的独立危险因素(HR1,P0.05)。结论:特殊病理类型、子宫颈侵犯、LVSI阳性、术前CA_(125)≥35 U/ml及卵巢受累,对淋巴结转移风险具有独立预测意义。特殊病理类型、子宫颈侵犯、LVSI阳性及淋巴结转移是临床预后不良的有力预测因子。进一步完善子宫内膜癌分期手术和术后病理,为指导患者个体化治疗提供有效帮助。     

淋巴脉管间隙浸润对早期宫颈癌预后的影响分析

目的探讨淋巴脉管间隙浸润(LVSI)对早期宫颈癌预后的影响。方法回顾性分析2009年1月至2015年12月郑州大学第二附属医院经手术治疗的470例ⅠA2~ⅡA2期宫颈癌,分为LVSI阳性组和LVSI阴性组,比较两组间的临床病理特征,分析LVSI对早期宫颈癌预后的影响。结果 22例失访,有预后资料者共448例。单因素分析显示LVSI与组织学分级、宫颈间质浸润、宫旁浸润、阴道穹窿浸润、淋巴结转移有关,Logistic回归分析显示LVSI阳性与组织学低分化、深间质浸润、宫旁转移和淋巴结转移相关。55例复发病例中LVSI阳性21例(38.2%),393例未复发病例中LVSI阳性63例(16.0%)。50例死亡病例中LVSI阳性17例(34.0%),398例存活病例中LVSI阳性67例(16.8%),两组间差异均有统计学意义(Ρ=0.000,Ρ=0.003)。全组5年总生存率、无瘤生存率为87.9%、86.8%。单因素分析显示临床分期、组织学分级、宫颈间质浸润、宫旁浸润、阴道穹窿浸润、LVSI、淋巴结转移、LVSI和淋巴结转移和术后治疗影响5年总生存时间(OS)和无瘤生存时间(DFS)。COX多因素分析显示,宫颈间质浸润、组织学分级、淋巴结转移是5年OS、DFS的独立预后因素,阴道穹窿受侵是5年OS的独立预后因素,LVSI是5年DFS的独立预后因素。结论 LVSI与多种不良预后因素相关,是早期宫颈癌复发和转移的危险因素,LVSI是5年无瘤生存的独立影响因素,尚不能确定LVSI是早期宫颈癌5年总生存的独立影响因素。     

子宫颈鳞癌Ⅰb～Ⅱa期患者预后预测系统的建立及其临床意义

目的分析子宫颈鳞癌Ⅰb~Ⅱa期患者的预后影响因素并建立预后预测系统,以探讨其在指导术后辅助治疗中的作用。方法回顾性分析接受手术治疗的306例Ⅰb~Ⅱa期宫颈鳞癌患者的临床病理资料,对影响其预后的因素进行单因素和多因素分析。结果306例患者的5年生存率为78 1%。单因素分析结果显示,与其预后有关的因素为淋巴结转移、病理分化程度、肿瘤直径、宫旁组织浸润、深肌层浸润和脉管内瘤栓(P<0 05);多因素分析结果显示,淋巴结转移、深肌层浸润、宫旁组织浸润是影响其预后的独立危险因素(P<0 05)。根据危险因素的不同建立预后预测系统,即将患者分为低危组、中危组和高危组3组,其5年生存率分别为90 3%、83 9%和43 1%。低危组(无危险因素或仅宫旁组织浸润)局部复发的发生率仅为2 2%;中危组(深肌层浸润或合并有宫旁组织浸润)局部复发的发生率为13 5%,远处转移的发生率为1 3%, 局部复发合并远处转移的发生率为0 6%;高危组(淋巴结转移或合并其他危险因素)局部复发和远处转移的发生率分别为25 9%和48 3%,局部复发合并远处转移的发生率为10 3%。结论淋巴结转移、深肌层浸润、宫旁组织浸润是影响Ⅰb~Ⅱa期宫颈鳞癌患者预后的独立因素;根据预后影响因素建立的预后预测系统有助于指导术后辅助治疗。     

ⅠA～ⅡB期子宫颈鳞癌盆腔淋巴结转移的临床病理高危因素

目的探讨影响ⅠA~ⅡB期宫颈鳞癌盆腔淋巴结转移的临床病理高危因素。方法对2004年11月—2013年7月北京大学人民医院接受手术治疗的ⅠA~ⅡB期宫颈鳞癌296例患者的临床病理资料进行回顾性分析,探讨盆腔淋巴结转移的相关高危因素。结果 296例宫颈鳞癌患者中,ⅠA期33例,ⅠB期143例,ⅡA期61例,ⅡB期59例;平均每例切除淋巴结27个,盆腔淋巴结转移率为20.27%(60/296),其中19例因分别行左、右侧淋巴结整片切除,未能区分淋巴结部位,其余41例淋巴结转移中,闭孔淋巴结最多受累(58.54%,24/41),其次分别是髂外淋巴结(51.22%,21/41)、髂内淋巴结(31.15%,14/41)、髂总淋巴结(26.83%,11/41)和腹股沟深淋巴结(9.76%,4/41)。单因素分析显示,临床分期、病理分级、肿瘤直径、淋巴脉管间质浸润(LVSI)、宫颈间质浸润深度、子宫浸润及宫旁浸润与宫颈癌盆腔淋巴结转移密切相关(P0.05);多因素分析显示,脉管内癌栓(P=0.000)、宫颈间质浸润深度(P=0.003)及宫旁浸润(P=0.029)是影响ⅠA~ⅡB期宫颈鳞癌盆腔淋巴结转移的显著独立危险因素。结论在ⅠA~ⅡB期宫颈鳞癌中,最易受累的淋巴结是闭孔淋巴结,其次是髂外淋巴结。LVSI、宫旁浸润及宫颈间质浸润深度是ⅠA~ⅡB期宫颈鳞癌盆腔淋巴结转移的显著独立危险因素。     

子宫内膜癌淋巴脉管间隙浸润影响因素及预测效能研究

目的 探讨子宫内膜癌淋巴脉管间隙浸润影响因素并评估相关因素及预测效能,旨在为早期识别淋巴脉管间隙浸润高危人群及预后预测提供更多的证据。方法 回顾性纳入2015年1月至2022年12月于重庆大学附属江津医院行手术治疗的子宫内膜癌患者共277例,根据是否存在淋巴脉管间隙浸润分为浸润组（60例）和未浸润组（217例）,比较两组的临床病理特征资料,采用Logistic回归模型多因素法评估子宫内膜癌患者发生淋巴脉管间隙浸润的独立影响因素,描绘ROC曲线评估上述独立影响因素,预测子宫内膜癌患者淋巴脉管间隙浸润发生风险的临床效能。结果 277例患者中出现淋巴脉管间隙浸润60例,发生率为21.66%;两组术前CA125水平、病灶最大径、病理组织学类型、病理组织学分级、肌层浸润深度、子宫颈间质浸润比例及淋巴结转移比例比较差异均有统计学意义（P <0.05）。Logistic回归模型多因素分析结果显示,肌层浸润深度、病理组织学类型及组织学分级均是子宫内膜癌患者发生淋巴脉管间隙浸润的独立影响因素（P <0.05）。ROC曲线分析结果显示,肌层浸润深度、病理组织学类型及组织学分级均可用于子宫内膜癌...     

宫颈癌患者脉管内癌栓浸润与其他临床病理因素的相关性分析

目的：分析宫颈脉管内癌栓浸润（lymph-vascular space invasion,LVSI）与宫颈癌其他临床病理因素的关系,为指导宫颈癌治疗提供依据。方法：回顾性分析2003年4月—2013年5月上海市第一妇婴保健院收治的462例宫颈癌患者的临床及病理资料,其中LVSI阳性者185例（40%）,阴性者277例（60%）,对LVSI与肿瘤分期、淋巴结转移及其他临床、病理因素的关系进行相关性分析。结果：单因素分析显示宫颈癌患者LVSI的发生与肿瘤分期、肿瘤大小、浸润深度、淋巴结转移、是否术前经过新辅助治疗有关,而与采用何种新辅助治疗方法无关。LVSI与宫颈癌的其他5项高危因素,即组织病理学类型、间质浸润深度、肿瘤体积、宫旁浸润、淋巴结转移有关;且合并的高危因素越多,LVSI的发生率越高。结论：LVSI与其他病理高危因素密切相关,可能更早地提示淋巴结转移等其他高危因素的潜在风险,对指导宫颈癌的治疗意义重大。     

1011例子宫颈癌临床病理特征及盆腔淋巴结转移危险因素分析

目的:探讨子宫颈癌的临床病理特征和影响盆腔淋巴结转移的危险因素,为制定合理手术范围提供依据。方法:收集并分析1011例子宫颈癌患者的临床和术后病理资料,采用单因素和多因素Logistic回归分析临床病理特征及盆腔淋巴结转移的危险因素。结果:患者发病年龄为24～77岁,孕次为0～10次,产次为0～9次,绝经年龄为30～60岁。临床表现以接触性出血(40. 75%)及阴道不规则流血(38. 87%)多见。1011例子宫颈癌患者盆腔淋巴结阳性率14. 84%(150/1011)。单因素分析结果显示:FIGO分期、肿瘤直径、肿瘤浸润宫颈深度、肿瘤细胞分化程度、宫旁浸润、脉管浸润、切缘阳性、累及阴道以及累及子宫下段与盆腔淋巴结转移有关(P0. 05); Logistic多因素回归分析显示:肿瘤直径2 cm(OR=1. 671)、肿瘤浸润深度 1/2子宫颈全层(OR=4. 452)、宫旁浸润(OR=2. 983)、脉管浸润(OR=4. 306)、肿瘤累及子宫下段(OR=1. 831)是盆腔淋巴结转移的独立危险因素。结论:肿瘤直径2 cm、肿瘤浸润深度1/2子宫颈全层、宫旁浸润、脉管浸润、肿瘤累及子宫下段的患者更易发生盆腔淋巴结转移,应规范盆腔淋巴结切除术。     

早期宫颈癌淋巴结转移规律的临床研究

Objective?To study the risk factors and patterns of pelvic lymph node metastasis in early cervical cancer, which provide a basis for selective lymph node dissection and postoperative individualized clinical target volume (CTV) outlining. Methods?The clinical data of 7 472 patients with early-stage (ⅠA1~ⅡA2) cervical cancer who underwent radical cervical cancer surgery admitted to Hunan Cancer Hospital from January 2009 to December 2015 were retrospectively analyzed. Results?The rate of pelvic lymph node metastasis in 7 472 patients was 12.93%, and the rate of closed lymph node metastasis accounted for 66.37%. Closed lymph node metastasis was correlated with lymph node metastasis in other regions of the pelvis (χ2=919.478, P<0.001). Among patients with lymph node metastasis, the metastasis rates of lymph nodes with local, skip, and continuous metastasis were 47.72%, 26.92%, and 25.36%, respectively. The mode of lymph node metastasis in early-stage cervical cancer was highly correlated with the type of pathology, lymph vascular space invasion(LVSI) and depth of cervical muscle infiltration (χ2=13.339, P<0.01; χ2=11.365, P<0.01; χ2=16.616, P<0.001). In addition, χ2 test showed that age, tumor grade, tumor size, clinical stage, pathological type, LVSI, deep myometrial infiltration of the cervix, and intrauterine involvement were independent influencing factors of pelvic lymph node metastasis (P<0.001); logistic regression analysis showed that age, pathological type, LVSI, deep myometrial infiltration of the cervix, intrauterine involvement, and tumor grade were independent factors of pelvic lymph node metastasis (P<0.01). Conclusion?The metastasis pattern and risk factors of early cervical cancer can guide the scope of lymph node dissection and the outline of CTV in postoperative personalized radiotherapy target area.     

A comparison of prognoses of FIGO stage IB adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma

OBJECTIVES: The objective of this study was to compare clinical and pathologic variables and prognosis of FIGO stage IB adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma of uterine cervix. METHODS: A retrospective review was performed of 521 patients with stage IB squamous cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma of cervix who treated primarily by type 3 hysterectomy and pelvic and/or para-aortic lymphadenectomy at Hacettepe University Hospitals between 1980 and 1997. RESULTS: Age, tumor size, grade, depth of invasion, lymph node metastasis, parametrial, vaginal, and lymphvascular space involvement (LVSI) were not different between two cell types except number of the lymph nodes involved. Metastasis to three or more lymph nodes was significantly higher in adenocarcinoma. Overall and disease-free survival were 87.7%, 84.0% versus 86.4%, 83.1% for squamous cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma, respectively (P > 0.05). The rate and site of recurrence were not different between two cell types. Multivariate analysis of disease-free and overall survival revealed independent prognostic factors as tumor size, LVSI, number of involved lymph node, and vaginal involvement. CONCLUSION: Prognosis of FIGO stage IB cervical cancer patients who were treated by primarily radical surgery was found to be same for those with adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma.     

Multivariate analysis of histopathologic prognostic factors for invasive cervical cancer treated with radical hysterectomy and systematic retroperitoneal lymphadenectomy

BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to identify the independent histopathologic prognostic factors for patients with cervical carcinoma treated with radical hysterectomy including paraaortic lymphadenectomy. METHODS: A total of 187 patients with stage IB to IIB cervical carcinomas treated with radical hysterectomy and systematic retroperitoneal lymphadenectomy were retrospectively analyzed. The median follow-up period was 83 months. Cox regression analysis was used to select independent prognostic factors. RESULTS: Using multivariate Cox regression analysis, lymph node (LN) status (negative vs. metastasis to pelvic nodes except for common iliac nodes vs. common iliac/paraaortic node metastasis), histopathologic parametrial invasion, lymph-vascular space invasion (LVSI), and histology of pure adenocarcinoma were found to be independently related to patients' poor survival. For patients who had a tumor histologically confined to the uterus and have neither parametrial invasion nor lymph node metastasis, LVSI was the most important prognostic factor, and histologic type, depth of cervical stromal invasion, and tumor size were not related to survival. The survival of patients with a tumor extending to parametrium or pelvic lymph node(s) was adversely affected by histology of pure adenocarcinoma. When the tumor extended to common iliac or paraaortic nodes, patients' survival became quite poor irrespective of LVSI or histologic type of pure adenocarcinoma. Patients' prognosis could be stratified into low risk (patients with a tumor confined to the uterus not associated with LVSI: n = 80), intermediate risk (patients with a tumor confined to the uterus associated with positive LVSI, and patients with squamous/adenosquamous carcinoma associated with pelvic lymph node metastasis or parametrial invasion: n = 86), and high risk (patients with pure adenocarcinoma associated with pelvic lymph node metastasis or parametrial invasion, and patients with common iliac/paraaortic node metastasis: n = 21) with an estimated 5-year survival rate of 100 +/- 0 (mean +/- SE)%, 85.5 +/- 3.9%, and 25.1 +/- 9.7%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: LN status, parametrial invasion, LVSI, and histology of pure adenocarcinoma are important histopathologic prognostic factors of cervical carcinoma treated with radical hysterectomy and systematic retroperitoneal lymphadenectomy. Prognosis for patients with cervical carcinoma may be stratified by combined analysis of these histopathologic prognostic factors. Postoperative therapy needs to be individualized according to these prognostic factors and validated for its efficacy using randomized clinical trials.     

Parametrial spread is a prognostic factor in endometrial carcinoma

OBJECTIVE: Parametrial spread of endometrial carcinoma, including the histopathological pattern of the spread and its significance as a prognostic factor, as well as its correlation with other prognostic factors are not well understood. METHODS: We reviewed histopathologically the resected parametria from 269 patients with endometrial carcinoma who underwent radical or modified radical hysterectomy with pelvic lymphadenectomy. The relationship between parametrial spread and other histopathological features, including histological type, tumor grade, depth of myometrial invasion, lymph vascular space invasion (LVSI) of the myometrium, cervical invasion, adnexal metastasis, lymph node metastasis and peritoneal cytology was studied. Clinical outcomes of the patients with parametrial spread were also evaluated. RESULTS: Parametrial spread was demonstrated in 16 patients (5.9%). Direct invasion of cancer cells to connective tissue, LVSI and lymph-node metastasis in the parametrium were seen in 13, seven and three cases, respectively. Three patients had all three spread patterns. According to the FIGO surgical stage, parametrial spread was found in none of the 164 patients in Stage I, two (6.3%) of 32 in Stage II, 12 (16.9%) of 71 in Stage III, and two (100%) of two in Stage IV. The presence of parametrial involvement was significantly correlated with depth of myometrial invasion, cervical involvement, lymph-node metastasis, adnexal metastasis. LVSI in the myometrium and peritoneal cytology (each, p < 0.01). With a median follow-up of 68.3 months, six (37.5%) of 16 patients with parametrial involvement developed recurrence and died. CONCLUSION: Direct parametrial extension or lymphatic involvement within the parametrium can occur in endometrial carcinoma. Patients with parametrial spread have a poor prognosis.     

Lymphovascular space involvement is the sole independent predictor of lymph node metastasis in clinical early stage endometrial cancer

Purpose

To determine clinicopathological risk factors associated with lymph node metastasis in endometrial cancer (EC).

Methods

Clinicopathological data of patients who underwent comprehensive surgical staging for clinical early stage EC between 2001 and 2010 at Hacettepe University Hospital was retrospectively reviewed.

Results

Two hundred and sixty-one patients were included. There were 26 patients (10.0 %) with lymph node metastasis. Of these, 14 (5.4 %) had pelvic lymph node metastasis, 8 (3.1 %) had both pelvic and paraaortic lymph node metastasis, and 4 (1.5 %) had isolated paraaortic metastasis. Univariate analysis revealed tumor size >2 cm, type II cancer, grade III histology, cervical stromal invasion, deep myometrial invasion, positive peritoneal cytology, adnexal involvement, serosal involvement, and presence of lymphovascular space involvement (LVSI) as significant clinicopathological factors associated with retroperitoneal lymph node metastasis. For paraaortic metastasis either isolated or with pelvic lymph node metastasis, significant factors were grade III disease, cervical stromal invasion, deep myometrial invasion, positive peritoneal cytology, adnexal involvement, serosal involvement, pelvic lymph node metastasis, and presence of LVSI. The only factor associated with isolated paraaortic lymph node metastasis was LVSI. Multivariate analysis revealed LVSI as the only independent factor for both retroperitoneal and paraaortic lymph node metastasis (odds ratio 14.9; 95 % confidence interval 3.8–59.0; p < 0.001, and odds ratio 20.9; 95 % confidence interval 1.9–69.9; p = 0.013, respectively).

Conclusion

Lymphovascular space involvement is the sole predictor of lymph node metastasis in EC. Therefore, LVSI status should be requested from the pathologist during frozen examination whenever possible to consider when a decision to perform or omit lymphadenectomy is made.     

Ⅰ型子宫内膜癌患者盆腔淋巴结转移危险因素分析

目的:探讨Ⅰ型子宫内膜癌患者盆腔淋巴结转移相关危险因素,为制定合理手术范围提供依据。方法:对136例Ⅰ型子宫内膜癌患者淋巴结转移的危险因素进行分析。单因素采用χ~2检验或Fisher确切概率法。多因素采用Logistic回归模型。结果:136例Ⅰ型子宫内膜癌患者盆腔淋巴结阳性率9.56%(13/136)。单因素分析表明Ⅰ型子宫内膜癌的组织学分级、癌灶直径大小、肌层浸润深度、脉管浸润与淋巴结转移有关(P0.05);多因素Logistic回归模型分析显示组织低分化、肌层浸润深度≥1/2、癌灶直径≥2 cm、有脉管浸润是Ⅰ型子宫内膜癌盆腔淋巴结转移的独立危险因素(P0.05)。结论:Ⅰ型子宫内膜癌患者盆腔淋巴结转移率低。组织低分化、肌层浸润深度≥1/2、癌灶直径≥2 cm、有脉管浸润的Ⅰ型子宫内膜癌患者更易发生盆腔淋巴结转移。     

Prognostic factors affecting disease-free survival in early-stage cervical cancer patients undergoing radical hysterectomy and pelvic-paraaortic lymphadenectomy

OBJECTIVE: This study was performed to identfy surgical and histopathologic prognostic factors that could predict 5-year disease-free survival (DFS) after patients underwent radical hysterectomy and pelvic-paraaortic lymphadenectomy for FIGO Stage I-II cervical carcinoma. METHODS: A retrospective review was performed for all patients undergoing primary radical hysterectomy and pelvic-paraaortic lymphadenectomy for Stage I-II cervical cancer at Ankara Oncology Hospital from 1995 to 2000. Clinical and pathologic variables including age, tumor size (TS), clinical stage, depth of invasion (DI), lymphovascular space involvement (LVSI), cell type, tumor grade, lymph node metastases (LNM), parametrial involvement, surgical margin involvement and pattern of adjuvant therapy were analyzed using univariate analyses. DFS was performed by the Kaplan-Meier method and the log-rank test. Independent prognostic and predictive factors affecting DFS were assessed by the Cox proportional hazard method. RESULTS: Ninety-three patients underwent primary type III radical hysterectomy and pelvic-paraaortic lymphadenectomy. Five-year DFS was 87.1%. LVSI, parametrial involvement and grade were the prognostic factors that independently affected survival. DFS was not significantly different for age, disease status of the surgical margins, tumor size, depth of invasion, cell type, pelvic lymph node metastases and adjuvant radiotherapy. CONCLUSIONS: LVSI, parametrial invasion and histologic grade 2-3 were independent prognostic factors in early-stage cervical cancer patients. Adjuvant radiotherapy in these patients provides no survival advantage.     

局部晚期宫颈癌100例淋巴结转移特点及临床分析

目的：探索局部晚期（ⅠB2/ⅡA2期）宫颈癌的淋巴结转移特点及新辅助化疗对预后及并发症发生率的影响。方法：回顾性分析2008年1月-2016年12月南京医科大学第一附属医院收治的424例ⅠA2～ⅡA2期宫颈鳞癌或腺癌患者的临床资料,随访每位患者的生存情况,比较局部晚期宫颈癌患者淋巴结转移情况及新辅助化疗和直接手术患者在手术并发症及预后方面的差异。结果：共424例宫颈癌患者纳入研究,100例局部晚期宫颈癌患者中有68例直接行根治性手术治疗,32例先行1～2次介入或静脉新辅助化疗后行宫颈癌根治术,术后病理提示盆腔淋巴结转移者20例,没有发现腹主动脉旁淋巴结转移。单因素分析提示深肌层浸润、淋巴脉管间隙浸润（lymph vascular space invasion,LVSI）与淋巴结转移相关（P＜0.05）;组织学类型、分化程度、是否行新辅助化疗与淋巴结转移无关（P＞0.05）。将有统计学意义的单因素进行Logistic回归分析显示,LVSI为淋巴结转移的独立危险因素（P＜0.05）。新辅助化疗组淋巴结转移率为22.2％,手术组则为17.2％,2组比较差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）。总生存期及无瘤生存期方面,局部晚期宫颈癌明显低于早期者。新辅助化疗组的术后感染发生率较低,手术时间和腹腔引流管留置时间较短,但2组差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）,而术中输尿管支架置入率、输血率、其他相邻脏器损伤的发生率2组相似。结论：局部晚期宫颈癌预后较早期差,淋巴结转移率明显高于早期,盆腔淋巴结转移主要与LVSI及深肌层浸润有关。新辅助化疗对局部晚期宫颈癌的影响尚不明确,也没有证据证明新辅助化疗影响盆腔淋巴结转移的检出率,在手术相关并发症的发生率方面还需更大样本或多中心的研究。     

Loss of epithelium cadherin expression is associated with reduced overall survival and disease-free survival in early-stage squamous cell cervical carcinoma

Epithelium cadherin (E-cad) is important for cell-to-cell adhesion of epithelial cells. Impairment of E-cad may have a role in the development and spreading of different malignancies and associated with poor differentiation, increased invasiveness, and poor prognostic factors in nongynecological carcinomas. However, prognostic significance of E-cad expression has not been investigated properly in cervical squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). The objective of this study was to investigate the association between reduced E-cad expression and clinicopathologic variables of cervical carcinoma. Specimens from 53 consecutive patients with stage IB-IIA SCC were evaluated immunohistochemically for E-cad expression, and the results were compared to grade, lymphvascular space invasion (LVSI), deep stromal involvement (DSI), parametrial involvement, lymph node metastasis, recurrences, and survival. Patients were divided into two groups arbitrarily: E-cad expression less than 10% (group 1) and E-cad expression more than 10% (group 2). There was no significant relationship between E-cad expression and DSI, LVSI, lymphatic metastasis. However, there was significant relationship between reduced E-cad expression and parametrial involvement (P= 0.024). Kaplan-Meier survival analysis revealed that reduced E-cad expression is significantly associated with reduced overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS). Furthermore, Cox regression analysis revealed that reduced E-cad expression is significantly associated with OS (P= 0.004, RR = 6.08, 95% CI: 1.75-21.1) and recurrences (P= 0.027, RR = 1.75, 95% CI: 1.06-2.88). We conclude that loss of E-cad expression is significantly associated with reduced OS and DFS in patients with SCC. Therefore, it might be used as an indicator of aggressive clinical behavior and tailoring aggressive adjuvant therapy in early-stage SCC. Further studies with larger number of patients are needed to evaluate the clinical significance of reduced E-cad expression in SCC.     

ⅠB～ⅡB期宫颈癌盆腔淋巴结转移的影响因素分析

目的：探讨ⅠB～ⅡB期宫颈癌盆腔淋巴结转移的影响因素。方法：回顾性分析630例行手术治疗的ⅠB～ⅡB期宫颈癌患者的临床资料,了解盆腔淋巴结的转移情况,采用χ2检验、Mann-Whitney U检验和多因素Logistic回归对宫颈癌盆腔淋巴结转移影响因素进行分析。结果：总体盆腔淋巴结转移率为27.9%（176/630）,转移淋巴结754枚,其中74.8%（564/754）分布于宫旁/闭孔区。单因素分析表明,临床分期、细胞分化、宫体受累、脉管间隙受累、宫颈间质浸润深度、鳞状细胞癌抗原（SCC-Ag）和癌抗原125（CA125）水平与盆腔淋巴结转移相关（均P＜0.05）。多因素分析表明,低细胞分化（OR=3.874,95%CI：1.100～13.646,P=0.035）、深1/3宫颈间质浸润（OR=2.735,95%CI：1.675～4.466,P＜0.001）和脉管间隙受累（OR=73.822,95%CI：22.304～244.336,P＜0.001）是盆腔淋巴结转移的独立危险因素。结论：宫颈癌盆腔淋巴结转移以宫旁/闭孔区最易受累,低细胞分化、深宫颈间质浸润、脉管间隙受累发生盆腔淋巴结转移风险较高,在临床治疗中,应确保宫旁切除范围,并实施系统性淋巴结清扫。