高效液相色谱法测定盐酸舍曲林片的含量

目的 建立高效液相色谱法测定盐酸舍曲林片含量的方法.方法 使用Hypersil ODS2 (4.6mm×250mm,5μm)色谱柱,以乙腈-甲醇-0.05mol·L-1醋酸铵溶液(38∶38∶24)为流动相;流速1.0mL·min-1;检测波长为266nm,进样量20μL.结果 盐酸舍曲林在30μg·mL-1～252μg·mL-1浓度范围内与峰面积呈良好的线性关系,r=0.9999.平均回收率为99.9%,RSD为0.77%,n=9.结论 该方法简单、灵敏、准确,可用于盐酸舍曲林片的质量控制.     

高效液相色谱法测定盐酸普萘洛尔片含量

目的:采用高效液相色谱法测定盐酸普萘洛尔片的含量.方法:Diamonsil C18柱(4.6 mm×150 mm,5μm)为分析柱,流动相为甲醇-0.02 mol·L-1磷酸二氢钾溶液(50:50),流速0.9 ml·min-1,检测波长290nm.结果:盐酸普萘洛尔在50.7～405.9μg·ml-1范围内呈良好的线性关系,r=0.999 9,平均回收率为99.2%,RSD=0.92%(n=9).结论:本方法简单、快速、结果可靠.     

HPLC法测定白带丸中芍药苷及盐酸小檗碱的含量

目的建立以高效液相色谱法同时测定白带丸中芍药苷及盐酸小檗碱含量的方法。方法色谱柱为Wondasil C18Superb(4.6 mm×250 mm,5μm);流动相为乙腈-0.3%磷酸溶液,梯度洗脱,流速为1.0 m L·min-1,芍药苷的检测波长为230 nm,盐酸小檗碱的检测波长320 nm。结果芍药苷与盐酸小檗碱分别在0.106 29~2.125 8μg·m L-1(r=0.999 9)与0.060 21~1.204 2μg·m L-1(r=0.999 9)浓度范围内呈良好线性关系;平均回收率为98.45%与100.52%。结论本方法可用于白带丸的质量控制。     

高效液相色谱法测定盐酸艾司洛尔的含量及其有关物质

目的:建立高效液相色谱法测定盐酸艾司洛尔原料、注射液的含量和有关物质的方法。方法:采用HypersilCN(4.6mm×200mm,5μm)色谱柱,以乙腈-冰醋酸-0.1mol.L-1醋酸钠溶液(45∶1∶54)为流动相,紫外检测波长:274nm,流速:1.0mL.m in-1,柱温:室温,进样量:20μL。结果:本方法能分离原料和注射液中盐酸艾司洛尔及其有关物质,盐酸艾司洛尔在80~320mg.L-1浓度范围内呈良好的线性关系,r=0.999 9(n=7)。平均回收率为(100.3±1.2)%(n=9)。结论:本方法简便快速、稳定可靠,可用于盐酸艾司洛尔含量及其有关物质的测定。     

HPLC测定小儿对乙酰氨基酚异丙嗪片的含量

目的 建立测定小儿对乙酰氨基酚异丙嗪片含量的高效液相色谱法.方法以Phenomenex Luna C18(4.6 mm×250mm,5μm)为色谱柱,甲醇-5 mmol·L-1己烷磺酸钠溶液一冰醋酸一三乙胺(6831.30.640.03)为流动相,流速为1.0mL·min-1,检测波长为306nm,进样量20μL.结果对乙酰氨基酚线性范围为0.929 7～4.648 mg·mL-1,r=0.999 9,平均回收率为99.96%(RSD=1.2%,n=9);盐酸异丙嗪线性范围为38.72～193.6 p.g·mL-1,r=0.999 9,平均回收率为99.38%(RSD=1.2%,n=9).结论 本法简便快速、准确可靠,可用于测定小儿对乙酰氨基酚异丙嗪片含量.     

高效液相色谱法测定情安喘定片中盐酸克仑特罗的含量

目的 建立高效液相色谱法测定情安喘定片中盐酸克仑特罗的含量.方法 色谱柱:Grace Smart C18(4.6mm×25mm,5μm);流动相:0.02mol·L-1磷酸二氩钾溶液-乙腈(80:20);流速:1.0mL·min-1;检测波长:243μm.结果 盐酸克仑特罗在0.015μg～0.180μg范围内线性良好,相关系数r=0.99996,平均回收率为97.4%,RSD为0.54%.结论 本法简便,准确性、重复性好,适用于盐酸克仑特罗的含量测定.     

HPLC测定布南色林片的含量

目的采用HPLC测定布南色林片的含量。方法色谱柱为Cosmosil C18柱(250 mm×4.6 mm,5μm),流动相为甲醇-0.02 mol.L-1磷酸氢二钾溶液(90∶10),流速为1.0 mL.min-1,检测波长为238 nm。结果线性回归方程为:Y=2.374×105X-4.897×104(r=0.9999),线性范围为32～48μg.mL-1,平均回收率为99.06%,RSD=1.57%。结论所用方法简便、快速、灵敏度高,可用于布南色林片的含量测定。     

高效液相色谱法测定麻颠口服溶液中盐酸麻黄碱和硫酸阿托品的含量

目的采用高效液相色谱法测定麻颠口服溶液中盐酸麻黄碱和硫酸阿托品的含量。方法 Kromasil C18色谱柱,以磷酸盐缓冲液(p H=3.0)-乙腈(92:8)为流动相,流速为1.0 m L·min-1,检测波长为210 nm。结果盐酸麻黄碱和硫酸阿托品线性浓度范围分别为31.36~627.2μg·min-1(r=0.999 9)和0.412 4~8.248μg·m L-1(r=0.999 9);回收率均在95%~105%,RSD均<1.5%。结论本方法操作简便、专属性强,可作为麻颠口服溶液的质量控制方法。     

盐酸哌唑嗪片质量标准改进研究

目的:改进盐酸哌唑嗪片现行质量标准,使检测结果更准确,操作更环保。方法:建立反相高效液相色谱法测定盐酸哌唑嗪片的含量、含量均匀度和有关物质。采用Waters Sunfire C18柱(4.6 mm×250 mm,5μm),流动相为甲醇-磷酸盐缓冲液(磷酸二氢钾1.36 g,加水溶解并稀释制成1000 m L,加三乙胺4 m L,用磷酸调节p H值至4.5)(40∶60),流速:1 m L·min-1,检测波长:245 nm,柱温:35℃,进样体积:10μL。结果:盐酸哌唑嗪在4.910~49.10μg·m L-1范围内线性关系良好(r=1.000,n=6);平均回收率为99.50%,RSD=0.70%。结论:本方法经方法学验证,可用于盐酸哌唑嗪片含量、含量均匀度测定和有关物质检查。     

HPLC法测定依帕司他片的含量及有关物质

目的:建立依帕司他片含量测定及有关物质检查的方法。方法:采用Venusil XBP C18(L)色谱柱(4.6 mm×200 mm,5μm),流动相为甲醇-0.01 mol·L-1磷酸二氢钾溶液(65∶35),流量为1.0 m L·min-1,柱温为30℃,检测波长为390 nm。结果:在选定的色谱条件下,主成分能与各杂质峰良好分离,依帕司他的质量浓度在0.04~0.16 mg·m L-1范围内与其峰面积积分值呈良好的线性关系(r=0.999 9),平均回收率为100.49%,其RSD=0.67%(n=9)。结论:本方法简便、准确、灵敏,可有效控制产品质量。     

Efficacy of gut lavage,hemodialysis, and hemoperfusion in the therapy of paraquat or diquat intoxication

Clinical and in vitro investigations were carried out to test the efficacy of gut lavage, hemodialysis, and hemoperfusion in the treatment of poisoning with paraquat or diquat. In a patient suffering from diquat intoxication 130 times more diquat was removed by gut lavage 30 h after ingestion than was removed by complete aspiration of the gastric contents.Determination of in vitro clearances for paraquat and diquat by hemodialysis showed that, at serum concentrations of 1–2 ppm, such as are frequently encountered in poisoning in man, toxicologically relevant quantities of herbicide cannot be removed from the body. At a concentration of 20 ppm, on the other hand, hemodialysis proved to be effective, the clearance being 70 ml/min at a blood flow rate of 100 ml/min. The efficacy of hemoperfusion with coated activated charcoal was on the whole better. Especially at concentrations around 1–2 ppm, the clearance values for hemoperfusion were some 5–7 times higher than those for hemodialysis.In a patient suffering from paraquat poisoning, both hemodialysis as well as hemoperfusion were carried out. The in vitro results could be confirmed: At serum concentrations of paraquat less than 1 ppm no clearance could be obtained by hemodialysis while by hemoperfusion with activated charcoal quite high clearance values were measured and the serum level dropped down to zero.

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Zusammenfassung Klinische Untersuchungen und Laboratoriumsversuche wurden durchgeführt, um die Wirksamkeit von Darmspülung, Hämodialyse und Hämoperfusion bei Paraquat- und Deiquat-Vergiftungen zu prüfen.Bei einem Patienten wurde 30 Std nach Deiquat-Aufnahme durch Darmspülung 130mal mehr Deiquat entfernt als durch vollständige Aspiration des Mageninhaltes. In vitro-Versuche ergaben, daß bei Blutserumkonzentrationen von 1–2 ppm, die bei Vergiftungen oft gemessen werden, durch Hämodialyse keine toxikologisch relevanten Paraquat- oder Deiquat-Mengen entfernt werden können. Dagegen erwies sich die Hämodialyse bei 20 ppm und einer Blutumlaufgeschwindigkeit von 100 ml/min mit einer Clearance von 70 ml/min als wirksam. Die Hämoperfusion mit beschicheter Aktivkohle war in diesen Versuchen aber eindeutig überlegen, denn insbesondere bei Konzentrationen um 1–2 ppm waren die Clearance-Werte 5–7mal höher als bei der Hämodialyse.Die in vitro-Ergebnisse wurden bei einem Patienten mit einer Paraquat-Vergiftung bestätigt: Bei Konzentrationen unter 1 ppm war die Hämodialyse wirkungslos, während durch Hämoperfusion relativ hohe Clearance-Werte erreicht wurden, so daß der Serumspiegel rasch unter die Nachweisgrenze abfiel.

     

In vitro studies on sterically stabilized liposomes (SL) as enzyme carriers in organophosphorus (OP) antagonism

This study describes a new approach for organophosphorous (OP) antidotal treatment by encapsulating an OP hydrolyzing enzyme, OPA anhydrolase (OPAA), within sterically stabilized liposomes. The recombinant OPAA enzyme was derived from Alteromonas strain JD6. It has broad substrate specificity to a wide range of OP compounds: DFP and the nerve agents, soman and sarin. Liposomes encapsulating OPAA (SL)* were made by mechanical dispersion method. Hydrolysis of DFP by (SL)* was measured by following an increase of fluoride ion concentration using a fluoride ion selective electrode. OPAA entrapped in the carrier liposomes rapidly hydrolyze DFP, with the rate of DFP hydrolysis directly proportional to the amount of (SL)* added to the solution. Liposomal carriers containing no enzyme did not hydrolyze DFP. The reaction was linear and the rate of hydrolysis was first order in the substrate. This enzyme carrier system serves as a biodegradable protective environment for the recombinant OP-metabolizing enzyme, OPAA, resulting in prolongation of enzymatic concentration in the body. These studies suggest that the protection of OP intoxication can be strikingly enhanced by adding OPAA encapsulated within (SL)* to pralidoxime and atropine.     

Steroidal sapogenin contents in some domestic plants

In order to find out the values of the steroid resources for the future use. the compositions and contents of steroidal sapogenins from 13 domestic plants have been investigated. As a result,Dioscorea nipponica, D. quinqueloba andSmilax china were found to have large amount of diosgenin. And pennogenin inTrillium kamtschaticum andParis verticillata, yuccagenin inAllium fistulosum, hecogenin inAgave americana and neochlorogenin inSolanum nigum were appeared to be major steroidal sapogenins.     

Synthesis,Cytotoxicity and Antileishmanial Activity of Some N-(2-(indol-3-yl)ethyl)-7-chloroquinolin-4-amines

We report herein the condensation of 4,7-dichloroquinoline (1) with tryptamine (2) and D-tryptophan methyl ester (3) . Hydrolysis of the methyl ester adduct (5) yielded the free acid (6) . The compounds were evaluated in vitro for activity against four different species of Leishmania promastigote forms and for cytotoxic activity against Kb and Vero cells. Compound (5) showed good activity against the Leishmania species tested, while all three compounds displayed moderate activity in both Kb and Vero cells.     

Aquatic Insects and Trace Metals: Bioavailability,Bioaccumulation, and Toxicity

Abstract

The uptake of metals from food and water sources by insects is thought to be additive. For a given metal, the proportions taken up from water and food will depend both on the bioavailable concentration of the metal associated with each source and the mechanism and rate by which the metal enters the insect. Attempts to correlate insect trace metal concentrations with the trophic level of insects should be made with a knowledge of the feeding relationships of the individual taxa concerned. Pathways for the uptake of essential metals, such as copper and zinc, exist at the cellular level, and other nonessential metals, such as cadmium, also appear to enter via these routes. Within cells, trace metals can be bound to proteins or stored in granules. The internal distribution of metals among body tissues is very heterogeneous, and distribution patterns tend to be both metal and taxon specific. Trace metals associated with insects can be both bound on the surface of their chitinous exoskeleton and incorporated into body tissues. The quantities of trace meals accumulated by an individual reflect the net balance between the rate of metal influx from both dissolved and particulate sources and the rate of metal efflux from the organism. The toxicity of metals has been demonstrated at all levels of biological organization: cell, tissue, individual, population, and community. Much of the literature pertaining to the toxic effects of metals on aquatic insects is based on laboratory observations and, as such, it is difficult to extrapolate the data to insects in nature. The few experimental studies in nature suggest that trace metal contaminants can affect both the distribution and the abundance of aquatic insects. Insects have a largely unexploited potential as biomonitors of metal contamination in nature. A better understanding of the physico-chemical and biological mechanisms mediating trace metal bioavailability and exchange will facilitate the development of general predictive models relating trace metal concentrations in insects to those in their environment. Such models will facilitate the use of insects as contaminant biomonitors.