《口腔健康影响程度量表（OHIP—14中文版）》与《老年口腔健康评价指数（GOHAI中文版）》的比较研究

目的：了解《口腔健康影响程度量表（OHIP～14中文版）》与《老年口腔健康评价指数（GOHAI中文版）》各自特点及应用范围,指导口腔健康相关生存质量临床研究开展。方法：使用两种量表选取60岁以上、无认知障碍及视力疾患的老年人进行调查及口腔检查。通过对老年人口腔健康相关生存质量的测评,比较两份量表的维度、条目内部一致性及区分效度。结果：共250位老年人参与此次研究,收回有效量表221份,无效量表29份,数据缺失量表12份。比较两种量表平均得分GOHAI中文版比OHIP-14中文版高（P〈0．01）。两份量表都可由缺失牙数区分有牙颌人群的生存质量,同时能够区分出戴用活动义齿的人群与不戴用活动义齿的人群的生存质量,以及能通过自我评价口腔状况和满意程度方面来区分不同人群的生存质量。通过比较可认为这两份量表都具有一定的区分效度。结论：《老年口腔健康评价指数（GOHAI中文版）》和《口腔健康影响程度量表（OHIP-14中文版）》在信度、效度方面存在的差异并不明显,维度的分布方面则各有所侧重。     

口腔健康影响程度量表的验证研究

目的通过对口腔健康影响程度量表（OHIP-14中文版）的验证研究及其性质的考评，对该量表的信度、效度作出评价，探讨其在中国人群中进一步应用的可行性。方法按照国际生存质量评价（IQOLA）项目的标准程序，对OHIP-14进行翻译、回译、文化调适和改造，建立口腔健康影响程度量表。使用该量表和《口腔健康自我评价表》，对广东省部分地区年龄在18～65岁之间的居民应用多阶段简单随机抽样法，共抽取592个个体进行口腔健康相关生存质量调查，对调查结果进行统计学分析，考评量表的信度和效度。结果共有592位个体接受调查。回收有效问卷550份，其中数据缺失问卷38份。口腔健康影响程度量表内部一致性Cronbach’s α系数为0．93，条目与量表间的相关系数在0．53～0．71之间。因子分析提取的4个维度显示，口腔健康影响程度量表存在预想的连带关系和逻辑关系。量表得分与自我评价的口腔健康、自我感觉的治疗需要间呈显著正相关，相关系数分别为0．54、0．49（P〈0．0001）。结论口腔健康影响程度量表具有良好的信度、效度，其良好的心理测量学性质，为该量表在中国人群中的进一步推广应用提供了理论依据。     

口腔扁平苔藓患者口腔健康相关生活质量的初步研究

目的通过口腔健康影响程度量表（OHIP）-14中文版了解口腔扁平苔藓患者口腔健康相关生活质量情况,探讨其应用于口腔扁平苔藓临床诊疗的可靠性和准确性。方法采用OHIP-14中文版对51例口腔扁平苔藓患者进行问卷调查,同时采用视觉类比标尺（VAS）对疼痛程度进行评分,REU评分系统对病损情况进行评分。通过SPSS 16.0软件对量表的信度和效度进行统计分析。结果OHIP-14的得分为21.67±9.45,量表的内部一致性Cronbach’s α系数为0.901,因子分析提取的5个公因子与量表各领域有密切的逻辑关系,量表得分与REU分值和VAS分值间呈正相关关系（r=0.608,0.807;P<0.000）。结论OHIP-14中文版评测口腔扁平苔藓患者的口腔健康相关生活质量具有较好的信度和效度,可为病情评估提供参考。     

5条目口腔健康影响程度量表中文版的信度和效度研究

目的 对5条目口腔健康影响程度量表（OHIP-5）进行信度和效度评价。方法 按照国际生活质量量表准则,形成OHIP-5中文版,该量表包括5个条目。将OHIP-5中文版应用于就诊的患者,最终对调查结果进行统计学分析。采用内部一致性信度、重测信度对量表的信度进行考评;采用结构效度和收敛效度对量表的效度进行评价。结果 共回收有效问卷556份。量表总的克朗巴赫α系数为0.868,重测信度系数为0.831。经过验证性因子分析,修正模型的主要指标中,卡方/自由度=2.419,拟合指数=0.995,调整拟合指数=0.960,标准拟合指数=0.996,增量拟合指数=0.997,塔克-刘易斯指数=0.985,比较拟合指数=0.997,误差平方根近似值=0.070,均达到模型拟合标准。量表总分的Spearman’s等级相关系数为0.674。结论 OHIP-5中文版通过严格的性能测试,信度和效度良好,可在临床研究及流行病学调查中进一步推广应用。     

儿童口腔健康影响程度量表的研制

目的评价儿童口腔健康影响程度量表（CPQ11- 14）中文版的信度和效度,探讨其在中国儿童中应用的可行性。方法对CPQ11- 14进行翻译、回译、文化调适和改造,建立儿童口腔健康影响程度量表中文版。使用该量表和口腔健康自我评价表对南宁市218名11～14岁中、小学生进行口腔健康检查和口腔健康相关生存质量调查,考评量表的信度和效度。结果口腔健康影响程度量表的重测信度系数为0.82（P<0.001）,内部一致性Cronbach′s α系数为0.79。通过因子分析提取的5个因子显示,口腔健康影响程度量表存在预想的连带关系和逻辑关系。量表得分与自我评价的口腔健康状态、自我感觉口腔健康对生活质量的影响间有明显相关性,其相关系数分别为- 0.33和0.50（P<0.000 5）。量表得分与龋失补牙指数呈明显正相关（P<0.001）,与中学组错畸形情况（美牙指数）也呈正相关（P<0.05）。结论本量表具有良好的信度和效度,为在中国进一步推广应用提供了理论依据。     

中文版学龄前儿童口腔健康影响程度量表的信度和效度

目的：建立学龄前儿童口腔健康影响程度量表（the Early Childhood Oral Health Impact Scale-ECOHIS）中文版,并分析其信度、效度。方法：按量表翻译程序将问卷翻译成中文,并在武汉市幼儿园中随机选择180名3～5岁的儿童,要求其完成ECOHIS问卷。随机选择18名患者两周后重填问卷。结果：Cronbach＇s α系数为0.91,重测信度ICC为0.74。有龋齿和龋病史儿童的ECOHIS分数显著高于没有龋齿的儿童;且ECOHIS分数与DMFT呈显著相关性。结论：中文版ECOHIS问卷具有较好的效度和信度,能用于研究儿童与口腔健康相关的生活质量。     

赫尔老年人口腔健康评价指数与口腔健康影响程度量表评价中国西南地区农村中老年人口腔生存质量的对比研究

目的 使用赫尔老年人口腔健康评价指数(GOHAI)和口腔健康影响程度(OHIP-14)量表评价中国西南地区农村中老年人的口腔健康生存质量,检验两量表信度,选出更适合评价中老年人口腔健康生存质量的量表.方法 随机抽取四川青川县和贵州习水县45岁以上中老年人,进行入户面对面的GOHAI和OHIP-14量表问卷调查,采用配对样本t检验,比较两量表在各个维度中老年人的得分,并分别计算两量表的克朗巴哈值进行信度比较.结果 GOHAI和OHIP-14量表对同一对象的口腔健康生存质量评价上一致性较高.中年人和老年人在这2个量表中各维度的得分中,除了GOHAI量表的心理维度得分无差异之外,其他维度得分在两表中均存在差异.信度分析发现OHIP-14量表内在稳定性和可靠性更高.结论 OHIP-14量表更适用于评价中老人的口腔健康生存质量.     

口腔保健自我效能量表的汉化及其在孕期女性中的信效度检验

目的 对英文版口腔保健自我效能量表（SEOH）进行翻译汉化,并检验其信效度。方法 根据Brislin翻译流程对英文版SEOH翻译形成中文版量表,并选择武汉市某妇产医院产检的499名孕期女性进行调查,检验其信效度。结果 中文版SEOH共23个条目,内容效度指数为0.913;探索性因子分析共提取5个公因子,累计方差贡献率为68.411%;验证性因子分析模型各项指标均符合标准,拟合程度良好;总量表Cronbach’s α系数为0.906,各维度Cronbach’s α系数为0.615～0.958。结论 中文版SEOH具有较好的信效度,可作为测量孕期女性口腔保健自我效能的有效工具。     

老年口腔健康评价指数(GOHAI)中文版的研制

目的：老年口腔健康评价指数GOHAI中文版的研制及其心理测量学性质的考评。方法：按照国际生存质量评价(IQOLA)项目的标准程序，对GOHAI进行翻译、回译和文化调适，建立GOHAI中文版；使用GOHAI中文版和一般项目表，对随机抽取的60岁及以上老年人进行口腔健康生存质量调查，调查结果经统计分析，考评量表的信度、效度和反应度。结果：共有343位老年人接受调查。有效问卷312份，其中数据缺火问卷28份。GOHAI中文版内部一致性Cronbach’s a系数为O．8l，分半信度系数O．80，条目一量表相关系数往O．30～O．7l之间；各条目与所属方面间相关性强，与其他方面相关性较弱；量表得分与自我评价的口腔健康、治疗需要及牙齿数目间，呈显著正相关，相关系数分别为O．505、O．23l和0．653(P＜O．01)；不同口腔健康状况组的量表分数差异明显，口腔健康组得分显著高于口腔不健康组(P＜0．01)。结论：GOHAI中文版具有良好的信度、效度和反应度。其良好的心理测量学性质为其在我国的应用提供了理论依据，为我国老年人口腔健康生存质量的研究，提供了有效的测评工具。     

改良儿童牙科焦虑面部表情量表中文版的研制与评价

目的 进行改良儿童牙科焦虑面部表情量表(a face version of the modified child dental anxiety scale,MCDASf)中文版的研制,评价MCDASf中文版的信度和效度,为该量表在我国的应用提供理论依据.方法 按照心理测量学中量表的跨文化适应程序对MCDASf量表英文版进行翻译、回译和文化调试,建立MCDASf中文版.选取250名幼儿园及小学的大于4岁且小于12岁儿童间隔3周前后两次填写的MCDASf量表,检测MCDASf中文版的信度.在北京大学口腔医学院·口腔医院第一门诊部临床抽取大于4岁且小于12岁就诊儿童248名,治疗前填写MCDASf中文版和改良中文版儿童畏惧调查表-牙科分量表,同时根据国内学者修订的Venham临床焦虑与合作行为级别评定量表对这些儿童口腔诊疗行为进行分级,以验证中文MCDASf量表的效度,及儿童焦虑水平与就诊行为之间的关系.结果 信度检测同时完成两次测评的为245人,量表填表完整率98.0％ (245/250);效度检测共有246名有效完成了MCDASf中文版量表的填写,量表填表完整率为99.2％ (246/248).该量表内部一致性克龙巴赫α系数(Cronbach's α coefficient)为0.814,重测信度为0.907.MCDASf中文版量表得分与改良中文版儿童畏惧调查表-牙科分量表的得分、与儿童Venham临床行为分级间均存在显著相关关系,相关系数分别为0.843、0.675(P＜0.01).结论 MCDASf中文版量表具有良好的信度、效度,可以作为儿童口腔临床测量儿童焦虑程度的一种较好的简单自评工具.     

The mandarin Chinese shortened version of Oral Health Impact Profile for partially edentate patients with implant-supported prostheses

This study was to validate a mandarin Chinese version of Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP-49) in China and to develop a shortened version of OHIP appropriate for use in partially dentate patients with implant-supported prostheses. The original 49 items of OHIP were translated into mandarin Chinese using a forward-backward method and administered to 580 subjects selected by stratified random sampling. Self-perceived oral health status and treatment need were also collected. Reliability and validity of the Chinese version of OHIP (OHIP-C49) were validated. A shortened version (OHIP-I) was derived from the OHIP-C49 by exploratory factor analysis (EFA) as well as expert-based approach in partially dentate patients (n=102) with implant-supported prostheses. For validation of the new modified shortened version, another independent sample of 97 partially dentate patients completed OHIP-I and their self-perceived oral health status at baseline and at least 3 months after dental implant rehabilitation. Five hundred and thirty-seven effectual questionnaires were reclaimed from the 580 subjects interviewed. Cronbach's alpha ranged from 0.78 to 0.96 and test-retest correlation coefficients ranged from 0.84 to 0.97 for subscale and summary scores. Construct validity was demonstrated by priori hypothesised associations between the OHIP-C49 scores and self-perceived oral health (P<0.001). The reliability and validity of OHIP-I were similar to which of the OHIP-C49, and the responsiveness appeared able to measure the effect of dental implant therapy effectively. The mandarin version of OHIP-49 showed sufficient psychometric properties for Chinese. The modified shortened version (OHIP-I) may be appropriate for the evaluation of implant therapy outcomes in partially dentate Chinese patients.     

Validation of a Chinese version of the Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP)

OBJECTIVES: To translate the original English version of Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP) into a Chinese version, to validate the translated instrument for use among the elderly in Hong Kong and to derive a Chinese short-form OHIP. METHODS: The original English version of OHIP was translated into Chinese. Elderly persons aged 60-80 years were interviewed by two trained interviewers and examined clinically by one of two calibrated dentists. Information on subjects' demographic background and oral health conditions were collected. RESULTS: A total of 586 elderly persons were interviewed and clinically examined. Cronbach's alpha of the translated OHIP subscales ranged from 0.69 to 0.84 and the test-retest correlation coefficient ranged from 0.72 to 0.92. Construct validity of the translated Chinese version was supported by the finding that the OHIP-49 and subscale scores increased as the subject's perceived oral health status changed from healthy to unhealthy. Also, those who had a perceived dental treatment need had higher mean OHIP-49 and subscale scores compared to those who did not. The short-form OHIP derived in this study demonstrated comparable validity and reliability with the full version of OHIP. CONCLUSION: The translated Chinese version of OHIP demonstrated good validity and reliability. It is available for use by researchers in oral health-related quality of life studies in Chinese elderly populations. In situations where a Chinese short-form of OHIP is desirable, there are now two validated Chinese versions for researchers to choose.     

Developing a short form of Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP) for dental aesthetics: OHIP-aesthetic

OBJECTIVES: To develop and evaluate shortened forms of the Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP) for discriminating dental aesthetics problems and evaluating dental aesthetic outcomes. METHODS: Eighty-seven subjects self-completed the 49-item OHIP at baseline and 63 at follow up (8 weeks later), with the intervention of applying an array of tooth-whitening products. Expert-based approach and regression analysis (on baseline data) were undertaken to derive two subset questionnaires (OHIP-conceptual and OHIP-regression). Their discriminatory ability for dental aesthetics and their responsiveness to tooth whitening were compared with the original OHIP-49, Slade's OHIP-14 and a Chinese short-form version of OHIP. RESULTS: The measures developed were strongly associated with self-rating of dental aesthetics (P < 0.001) unlike OHIP-49 (P = 0.03) or other OHIP short forms (P > 0.05). The measures were also reliable (Cronbach's alpha 0.86) and comparable with the other OHIP forms. In terms of effect size, OHIP-conceptual was more effective in measuring changes than the one based on the regression analysis, the original OHIP-49, OHIP-14 and the Chinese version of the short-form OHIP. It also exhibited a less susceptibility to floor effects than other OHIP forms. CONCLUSION: A modified short form of the OHIP derived (OHIP-conceptual) was the most favorable in discriminating dental aesthetics, was reliable and most sensitive to the dental aesthetics intervention - tooth whitening.     

复发性阿弗他溃疡患者口腔健康相关生活质量的初步研究

目的:通过口腔健康影响程度量表了解复发性阿弗他溃疡患者口腔健康相关生活质量。方法:采用OHIP-14中文版对复发性阿弗他溃疡患者进行问卷调查,同时记录其总间歇时间和VAS分值,并与普通人群OHQOL进行比较。结果:RAU患者量表得分中位数为22.00,明显高于普通人群中位数7.50(P<0.01),经历负面影响比例占前3位的依次是生理性疼痛、生理障碍和心理不适3个领域,量表得分与总间歇时间呈负相关关系(P<0.01),量表得分与VAS分值间呈正相关关系(P<0.01)。结论:RAU患者OHQOL明显低于普通人群,可为RAU病情评估提供参考。     

A modified short version of the oral health impact profile for assessing health-related quality of life in edentulous adults

PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to develop a shortened version of the Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP) appropriate for use in edentulous patients and to evaluate its measurement properties. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Data were collected from the Ontario Study of Older Adults and a longitudinal clinical trial of implant-retained prostheses undertaken in Newcastle Dental Hospital, UK. All subjects completed an OHIP at baseline, and UK subjects also completed an OHIP posttreatment. Using an item impact reduction method, a shortened version of the OHIP (called OHIP-EDENT) was derived from both datasets. Discriminant validity and responsiveness properties of this modified version were compared with OHIP-14 and OHIP-49. RESULTS: Using an item impact method of reducing the 49 OHIP items produced very similar subsets in both Canadian and British populations; the modified version had little overlap with the current short version (OHIP-14). Discriminant validity properties of OHIP-EDENT were similar to OHIP-14 and OHIP-49. Using effect sizes to assess sensitivity to change, OHIP-EDENT exhibited less susceptibility to floor effects than OHIP-14 and appeared to measure change as effectively as OHIP-49. CONCLUSION: The modified shortened version of the OHIP derived in this study has measurement properties comparable with the full 49-item version. This modified shortened version may be more appropriate for use in edentulous patients than the current short version.     

Derivation and validation of a short-form oral health impact profile

Abstract Growing recognition that quality of life is an important outcome of dental care has created a need for a range of instruments to measure oral health-related quality of life. This study aimed to derive a subset of items from the Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP-49) - a 49-item questionnaire that measures people's perceptions of the impact of oral conditions on their well-being. Secondary analysis was conducted using data from an epidemiologic study of 1217 people aged 60+ years in South Australia. Internal reliability analysis, factor analysis and regression analysis were undertaken to derive a subset (OHIP-14) questionnaire and its validity was evaluated by assessing associations with sociodemographic and clinical oral status variables. Internal reliability of the OHIP-14 was evaluated using Cronbach's coefficient α. Regression analysis yielded an optimal set of 14 questions. The OHIP-14 accounted for 94% of variance in the OHIP-49; had high reliability (α=0.88); contained questions from each of the seven conceptual dimensions of the OHIP-49; and had a good distribution of prevalence for individual questions. OHIP-14 scores and OHIP-49 scores displayed the same pattern of variation among sociodemographic groups of older adults. In a multivariate analysis of dentate people, eight oral status and sociodemographic variables were associated (P<0.05) with both the OHIP-49 and the OHIP-14. While it will be important to replicate these findings in other populations, the findings suggest that the OHIP-14 has good reliability, validity and precision.     

Validation of a Hebrew version of the Oral Health Impact Profile 14

OBJECTIVE: This study determined the validity of a Hebrew version of the Oral Health Impact Profile in a cross-sectional study of a general dental practice in Israel. METHODS: The original English version of a short-form oral health impact profile (OHIP-14) was translated into Hebrew using the back-translation technique. Participants were interviewed and examined clinically by a calibrated dentist. Information on the subjects' sociodemographic background and oral health conditions was collected. RESULTS: A total of 142 persons were interviewed and clinically examined. The Cronbach's alpha and the standardized item alpha for OHIP-14 were both 0.88. Cronbach's alpha of the translated OHIP-14 subscales ranged from 0.48 to 0.76. Construct validity of the translated Hebrew version was supported by the finding that the total OHIP score correlated with the number of decayed teeth, missing teeth, need for prosthodontic treatment, and pattern of dental attendance. Participants with oral pain were more likely to report impact on one of the OHIP subscales and to have more impacts than participants who were pain free. CONCLUSIONS: The Hebrew version of OHIP-14 presented acceptable validity and reliability. Further research is needed to assess the value of this measure in Israel.