甲亢患者~(131)I治疗前后血清指标变化的临床意义

目的通过分析接受131I治疗前后甲亢患者血清游离T3(FT3)、游离T4(FT4)、促甲状腺激素(TSH)的变化,探讨其在诊断及监测131I治疗过程中判断甲状腺功能的意义。方法对象为确诊的甲亢患者336例,其中初诊者215例,131I治疗后3～12个月复查随访者121例。结果①215例初诊临床确诊为甲亢患者FT3均高于正常;FT4有193例高于正常;TSH低于正常者209例。②121例经131I治疗后临床症状明显好转的81例患者中,FT3、FT4均下降至正常范围,但TSH反应不一。③经131I治疗后临床出现甲减表现的23例患者中FT4值均低于正常;FT3有14例低于正常,而TSH有19例高于正常。结论判断是否有甲亢及甲亢是否缓解以FT3为较灵敏指标,判断131I治疗后是否甲减FT4较TSH灵敏,TSH在反映甲亢治疗过程中甲功变化较FT3、FT4变化迟缓。     

甲亢患者^131I治疗前后血清指标变化的临床意义

目的：通过分析接受^131I治疗前后甲亢患者血清游离T3(FT3)、游离T4(FT4)、促甲状腺激素(TSH)的变化，探讨其在诊断及监测^131I治疗过程中判断甲状腺功能的意义。方法：对象为确诊的甲亢患者336例，其中初诊者215例，^131I治疗后3-12个月复查随访者121例。结果：①215例初诊临床确诊为甲亢患者FT3均高于正常；FT4有193例高于正常；TSH低于正常者209例。②121例经^131I治疗后临床症状明显好转的81例患者中，FT3，、FT4均下降至正常范围，但TSH反应不一。③经^131I治疗后临床出现甲减表现的23例患者中FT4值均低于正常；FT3有14例低于正常，而TSH有19例高于正常。结论：判断是否有甲亢及甲亢是否缓解以FT3为较灵敏指标，判断^131I治疗后是否甲减FT4较TSH灵敏，TSH在反映甲亢治疗过程中甲功变化较FT3、FT4变化迟缓。     

核素~(131)I治疗老年甲状腺功能亢进性心脏病20例随访观察

目的:随访观察20例核素131I治疗老年甲状腺功能亢进性心脏病(老年甲亢心)的疗效及甲状腺功能减退的发生率,讨论131I治疗老年甲亢心的临床应用价值。方法:20例老年甲亢心是62例老年甲亢中经临床症状、体征及实验室检查确诊(占老年甲亢32.3%),131I治疗前伴有房颤、心脏增大、心力衰竭一种或几种心脏异常,131I治疗后随访1～16年,平均随访5.4年。结果:131I治疗后痊愈19例(包括发生甲状腺功能减退者)95%,复发1例(5%);总治愈率为95%;晚发甲状腺功能减退3例(15%),亚临床甲状腺功能减退6例(45%),其中伴房颤16例经131I治疗后3～14个月转为窦性心律14例,2例房颤持续存在。结论:131I治疗老年甲亢心简便安全、经济、无痛苦、治愈率高,目前仍是治疗老年甲亢心的重要手段。     

131I治疗后甲状腺自身免疫状态对甲亢预后的影响

目的:探讨甲状腺自身免疫状态对甲状腺机能亢进症(甲亢)患者131I治疗疗效变化的影响.方法:对2006年1月至2009年1月在我科住院的248例行131I治疗的甲亢患者,在治疗前、治疗后6个月及治疗后12个月分别测血清促甲状腺素(sTSH)、游离三碘甲状腺原氨酸(FT3)、游离甲状腺素(FT4)、甲状腺过氧化物酶抗体(TPOAb)、促甲状腺素受体抗体(TRAb)水平.用SPSS12.0统计软件分析治疗后各组TPOAb、TRAb水平与治疗前的差异.结果:治疗后6个月,无论甲亢控制组与未控制组与治疗前比较TPOAb、TRAb水平均明显升高,有统计学差异(P<0.05);12个月时,甲亢控制组TPOAb、TRAb水平明显下降,与治疗前比较无差异,而未控制组TPOAb、TRAb水平仍明显高于治疗前组,有统计学差异(P<0.05).结论:监测血清TPOAb、TRAb的动态变化对甲亢131I治疗后疗效的判断有重要临床价值.     

碘[131I]治疗14例功能自主性甲状腺腺瘤疗效观察

目的 探讨口服碘[131I]治疗功能自主性甲状腺腺瘤(AFTA)的临床疗效.方法 回顾性分析14例AFTA患者,按照临床规范技术操作确诊后并经患者知情同意,给予碘[131I](投入剂量555～1110 MBq)口服治疗.在患者治疗前及治疗后3、6、12个月检测血清T3、T4、TSH、FT3、FT4;服药前后进行甲状腺显像,观察腺瘤在治疗前后的变化.结果 应用131I治疗后1～2个月,瘤体明显缩小,治疗后3～6个月甲状腺显像"热结节"均消失,甲状腺正常组织显影;3个月后血清甲状腺激素水平明显下降;6个月后78.57%的患者甲状腺功能正常,甲状腺功能亢进症状基本消失;1年后甲状腺功能恢复正常者占92.86%.1例在治疗7个月后甲状腺功能减低,经口服优甲乐治疗后甲状腺功能恢复正常.结论 口服碘[131I]治疗功能自主性甲状腺腺瘤是一种安全有效的方法.     

一次高剂量和多次小剂量~(131)I治疗甲状腺功能亢进症的疗效对比分析

目的比较一次高剂量和多次小剂量~(131)I治疗甲状腺功能亢进症(甲亢)的临床疗效。方法选取该院2016年5月至2019年5月收治的79例甲亢患者为研究对象,根据~(131)I的治疗剂量分为高剂量组(39例,给予一次高剂量~(131)I)与小剂量组(40例,多次小剂量~(131)I),连续治疗6个月,比较两组临床疗效、甲状腺功能及早发性甲状腺功能减退发生率。结果高剂量组的总有效率(94.87%)与小剂量组的总有效率(95.00%)比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。治疗前,两组患者的促甲状腺激素(TSH)、游离三碘甲状腺原氨酸(FT_3)、游离甲状腺素(FT_4)、三碘甲状腺原氨酸(TT_3)、总甲状腺素(TT_4)水平差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。与治疗前比较,治疗3个月时两组FT_3、FT_4、TT_3和TT_4水平均明显下降(P0.05),TSH水平均明显上升(P0.05);高剂量组的FT_3、FT_4、TT_3和TT_4水平均高于小剂量组(P0.05),TSH水平低于小剂量组(P0.05)。高剂量组早发性甲状腺功能减退发生率(38.46%)高于小剂量组(12.50%),差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论两种剂量~(131)I治疗甲亢均可取得显著疗效,但多次小剂量~(131)I治疗甲亢后早发性甲状腺功能减退发生率较低,值得临床推广应用。     

131I治疗老年甲状腺功能亢进症243例近期疗效分析

目的:观察131I治疗老年甲状腺功能亢进症(甲亢)的近期疗效.方法:243例患者一次性口服131I,3个月、6个月和12个月后复诊,观察治疗后转归情况.结果:治疗后1 a,临床治愈173例(71.2%),好转65例(26.7%);无效5例(2.1%);总有效率97.9%.出现甲状腺机能减低(甲低)21例,甲低发生率8.6%.结论:131I治疗甲亢安全、经济和有效,是治疗老年甲亢患者的理想方法.     

甲亢~(131)I治疗后甲状腺切除差分析

对我院甲亢131I治疗后甲状腺切除差分析如下。1对象和方法1.1对象2002-09~2005-07行131碘(131I)治疗并随访0.5 a以上的甲亢(G raves病,GD)患者165例,其中男37例,女128例,年龄11~69(35.13±12.28)岁,131I治疗前甲状腺重量为22~135(46.18±18.16)g。随访观察时间6~53(19.96±9.2)个月。其中接受第2次131I治疗者53例,时间在第1次131I治疗后5~32(9.77±3.99)个月。1.2方法(1)甲状腺重量经γ扫描结合触诊确定;(2)甲状腺切除差(131I治前与治后≥6个月甲状腺重量之差)诊断标准:①甲状腺未缩小或反而增大,或②治前>30 g,治后有所缩小,但仍≥30 g…     

~(131)I治疗对甲状腺功能亢进症患者骨密度的影响

目的探讨~(131)I治疗对甲状腺功能亢进症患者骨密度的影响。方法选取2013年5月至2014年5月在我院接受~(131)I治疗的40例甲亢患者作为观察组,同期健康体检的患者40例为对照组,观察~(131)I治疗效果,比较两组股骨颈、髋关节和L2~3部位的骨密度。结果观察组患者~(131)I治疗后3、6、12个月血清TT3、TT4、FT3、FT4水平逐渐降低,TSH水平逐渐升高,与术前比较,差异均有统计学意义(均P0.05)。随访12个月,总体有效率为90%(72/80)。观察组治疗前及治疗后3、6个月股骨颈、髋关节和L2~3部位的骨密度均明显低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(均P0.05)。观察组治疗后12个月时3个部位的骨密度与对照组比较,差异无统计学意义(均P0.05)且治疗后6、12个月高于治疗前,差异有统计学意义(均P0.05)。结论~(131)I治疗甲状腺功能亢进患者的临床疗效确切,有效率高,且能显著改善患者骨密度。     

~(131)I-chTNT治疗恶性脑胶质瘤对甲状腺功能的影响与预防

目的:探讨碘[131I]肿瘤细胞核人鼠嵌合单抗(131I-chTNT)注射液单疗程局部注射治疗恶性脑胶质瘤对甲状腺功能的影响与预防措施。方法:自2005年5月到2006年10月收治病理诊断的复发性脑胶质瘤患者随机分别进入对照组(TNT)和试验组(BCNU),其中对照组14例,试验组12例,分别使用卡莫司汀注射液和131I-chTNT治疗。观察甲状腺功能(TSH、T3、T4、FrT3、FrT4),治疗前、治疗后3个月和6个月的变化。结果:TNT组和BCNU组患者治疗前后TSH、T3、FrT3、FrT4、T4的测量结果,两组之间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),但除FrT3之外,治疗前、治疗后3个月和治疗后6个月之间有显著性差异(P<0.001)。结论:131I-chTNT单疗程局部注射治疗恶性脑胶质瘤期间对甲状腺功能有明确影响。在使用131I-chTNT前必须有口服碘溶液,保护甲状腺功能。     

Guns and Knives in New Mexico: Patterns of Penetrating Trauma, 1978–1993

Objective: To identify patterns of nonfatal and fatal penetrating trauma among children and adults in New Mexico using ED and medical examiner data.
Methods: The authors retrospectively sampled in 5-year intervals all victims of penetrating trauma who presented to either the state Level-1 trauma center or the state medical examiner from a 16-year period (1978–1993). Rates of nonfatal and fatal firearm and stabbing injury were compared for children and adults.
Results: Rates of nonfatal injury were similar (firearm, 34.3 per 100,000 person-years; stabbing, 35.1). However, rates of fatal injury were significantly different (firearm, 21.9; stabbing, 2.7; relative risk: 8.2; 95% confidence interval: 5.4, 12.5). From 1978 to 1993, nonfatal injury rates increased for children (p = 0.0043) and adults (p < 0.0001), while fatal penetrating injury remained constant. The increase in nonfatal injury in children resulted from increased firearm injury rates. In adults, both stabbing and firearm nonfatal injury rates increased.
Conclusions: Nonfatal injury data suggest that nonfatal violence has increased; fatal injury data suggest that violent death rates have remained constant. Injury patterns vary by age, mechanism of trauma, and data source. These results suggest that ED and medical examiner data differ and that both are needed to guide injury prevention programs.     

Dissociable correlates of two classes of retrieval processing in prefrontal cortex

Although substantial evidence suggests that the prefrontal cortex (PFC) implements processes that are critical for accurate episodic memory judgments, the specific roles of different PFC subregions remain unclear. Here, we used event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging to distinguish between prefrontal activity related to operations that (1) influence processing of retrieval cues based on current task demands, or (2) are involved in monitoring the outputs of retrieval. Fourteen participants studied auditory words spoken by a male or female speaker and completed memory tests in which the stimuli were unstudied foil words and studied words spoken by either the same speaker at study, or the alternate speaker. On "general" test trials, participants were to determine whether each word was studied, regardless of the voice of the speaker, whereas on "specific" test trials, participants were to additionally distinguish between studied words that were spoken in the same voice or a different voice at study. Thus, on specific test trials, participants were explicitly required to attend to voice information in order to evaluate each test item. Anterior (right BA 10), dorsolateral prefrontal (right BA 46), and inferior frontal (bilateral BA 47/12) regions were more active during specific than during general trials. Activation in anterior and dorsolateral PFC was enhanced during specific test trials even in response to unstudied items, suggesting that activation in these regions was related to the differential processing of retrieval cues in the two tasks. In contrast, differences between specific and general test trials in inferior frontal regions (bilateral BA 47/12) were seen only for studied items, suggesting a role for these regions in post-retrieval monitoring processes. Results from this study are consistent with the idea that different PFC subregions implement distinct, but complementary processes that collectively support accurate episodic memory judgments.     

Systematic Reviews Published in the January 2011 Issue of The Cochrane Library

ABSTRACT

The Cochrane Library of Systematic Reviews is published quarterly as a DVD and monthly online. The January 2011 issue (first quarterly DVD for 2011) contains 4515 complete reviews, 1985 protocols for reviews in production, and 13,521 one-page summaries of systematic reviews published in the general medical literature. In addition, there are citations of 641,000 randomized controlled trials, and 14,018 cited papers in the Cochrane methodology register. The health technology assessment database contains over 9300 citations. One hundred and seven new reviews have been published in the last 3 months, of which five have potential relevance for practitioners in pain and palliative medicine.     

Interprofessional approaches to creating safe,high quality health care

Three supplementary perspectives are presented arguing that interprofessional collaboration is both necessary and desirable. Nonetheless, there are often too many serious intra-professional barriers and obstacles to interprofessional collaboration to make it successful. Some of these barriers, it is argued and illustrated, are found in the multiple ways in which professional identity is tacitly acquired and embodied in the practitioners' habitual, everyday practice. The paper then explores ways in which reflection, especially Second order reflection, can help to elucidate and overcome these obstacles, as well as increasing professional adaptability and competence.     

Modified micro-superior percutaneously-assisted total hip: early experiences & case reports

Because of the extensile nature and familiarity of the standard posterior-lateral approach to the hip, a family of "micro-posterior" approaches has been developed. This family includes the Percutaneously-Assisted Total Hip (PATH) approach, the Supercapsular (SuperCap) approach and a newer hybrid approach, the Supercapsular Percutaneously-Assisted Total Hip (SuperPATH) approach. Such approaches should ideally provide a continuum for the surgeon: from a "micro" (external rotator sparing) posterior approach, to a "mini" (external rotator sacrificing) posterior approach, to a standard posterior approach. This could keep a surgeon within his comfort zone during the learning curve of the procedure, while leaving options for complicated reconstructions for the more practiced micro-posterior surgeons. This paper details one author's experiences utilizing this combined approach, as well as permutations of this entire micro-posterior family of approaches as applied to more complex hip reconstructions.     

Prise en charge des entorses externes de cheville : étude clinique préliminaire sur l’efficacité du dispositif Myolux™

Ankle sprains are the most common injury of the musculoskeletal system and are associated with significant societal and economic impacts. It has been proven that classical therapeutic strategies may not be effective in preventing recurrent injuries: the recurrence rates reported in the literature can reach 73%. In order to provide an effective rehabilitation solution, a destabilizing orthosis was developed. This device is equipped with a mechanical articulator reproducing the subtalar mechanics and placed under the heel. In this paper, we present the main results of a preliminary clinical study conducted between 2004 and 2007. All subjects included in this study were treated with the abovementioned orthosis during 10 rehabilitation sessions of 30 minutes each. Data show a relatively low recurrence rate of 12% for the overall population. Moreover, it's of primary importance to note that this satisfactory ratio is largely reduced (3% of recurrence rate) for the 29 patients who performed one training session per month after the 10th initial rehabilitation sessions. Hence, the destabilizing orthosis appears to be an effective solution to prevent recurrent ankle sprains. However, joint protection requires long-term and regular training sessions. This result has motivated the development of a similar device allowing patients to perform training sessions at home. Finally, data obtained in this study are promising awaiting the final results of the comparative, multicentric and independent clinical trials currently managed by the Hospices Civils de Lyon.     

Structure and function of "metalloantibiotics"

Although most antibiotics do not need metal ions for their biological activities, there are a number of antibiotics that require metal ions to function properly, such as bleomycin (BLM), streptonigrin (SN), and bacitracin. The coordinated metal ions in these antibiotics play an important role in maintaining proper structure and/or function of these antibiotics. Removal of the metal ions from these antibiotics can cause changes in structure and/or function of these antibiotics. Similar to the case of "metalloproteins," these antibiotics are dubbed "metalloantibiotics" which are the title subjects of this review. Metalloantibiotics can interact with several different kinds of biomolecules, including DNA, RNA, proteins, receptors, and lipids, rendering their unique and specific bioactivities. In addition to the microbial-originated metalloantibiotics, many metalloantibiotic derivatives and metal complexes of synthetic ligands also show antibacterial, antiviral, and anti-neoplastic activities which are also briefly discussed to provide a broad sense of the term "metalloantibiotics."