胸主动脉夹层26例的手术治疗

目的总结26例各型胸主动脉夹层的手术治疗经验。方法2008年8月至2012年6月手术治疗26例胸主动脉夹层患者,男22例,女4例,年龄36～69岁,平均（51．1±12．9）岁。Stanford分型：A型10例,B型16例。A型中行升主动脉及全弓置换加术中象鼻支架植入术6例,Bentall术1例,升主动脉置换术3例;B型中行降主动脉置换术2例,降主动脉覆膜支架腔内隔绝术（EVGE）14例（其中1例2d后再行腹主动脉置换术）。6例全弓置换脑保护采用深低温停循环（DHCA）加上腔静脉逆行灌注（RCP）,1例降主动脉置换下半身供血采用左心转流。术后定期复查CTA。结果10例StandfordA型患者死亡2例（20％）,1例术中死于鱼精蛋白反应后大出血,另1例术中出血多,术后第1天死于多脏器衰竭,余治愈出院。16例B型患者死亡1例（6．2％）,死于大出血,余均治愈出院。术后CTA显示人工血管血流通畅,支架系统位置良好,无内漏,主动脉真腔较术前明显扩大,未闭的假腔血栓形成。结论手术是挽救主动脉夹层患者的重要手段,手术方式应根据破口特点及主动脉及其瓣膜具体情况来选择。全弓置换采用DHCA＋RCP脑保护效果良好。采用EVGE治疗StandfordB型夹层手术时间短、创伤小、效果佳。     

血管内支架移植物置入术治疗StanfordB型主动脉夹层

目的评价血管内支架移植物置入术治疗Stanford B型主动脉夹层的安全性和有效性.方法10名主动脉夹层患者,均在全麻下进行移植物置入术治疗,4例置入TALENT内支架移植物,6例置入国产内支架移植物.结果2例未能有效封堵动脉破裂口,其中1例治疗后12 h因动脉破裂死亡.1例移植物部分遮盖左锁骨下动脉,但无上肢进行性缺血加重,余7例动脉夹层及假腔均较好封堵.术后1周,9例行CTA检查,除1例夹层未得到封堵外,其余8例内支架移植物均无移位,假腔均缩小,真腔均扩大.随访8例(2～38个月),均无症状再发.结论内支架移植物置入术可有效治疗Stanford B型主动脉夹层;严格选择适应证可提高治疗的安全性和有效性.     

Ⅰ型主动脉夹层动脉瘤行全弓置换及术中腔内支架治疗的随访研究

目的 总结34例急性Ⅰ型主动脉夹层动脉瘤行全弓置换及术中腔内支架治疗后的随访结果.方法 2005年1月至2010年10月,我院共为34例急性Ⅰ型主动脉夹层动脉瘤的患者行全弓置换及术中腔内支架术治疗.术后门诊随访2～70个月,随访30例.分别于术后3、12个月及其后每年随访1次增强CT,观察远端假腔内血栓形成或吸收以及假腔闭合情况.结果 全组围术期死亡3例,病死率8.8％.随访期死亡1例.随访期所有患者远端覆膜支架处血管假腔均闭合,10例患者支架远端血管仍有假腔,但假腔直径均无明显增大.结论 对于急性Ⅰ型主动脉夹层动脉瘤的患者行一期全弓置换及腔内支架术可以增加术后远端假腔的闭合率,减少因假腔扩大可能引起的再次手术.     

术中置入新型三分支主动脉弓覆膜支架治疗急性Stanford A型主动脉夹层临床研究

目的应用新型三分支型主动脉弓覆膜支架治疗急性Stanford A型主动脉夹层,总结其临床应用经验,并评价其安全性和疗效。方法 2009年12月至2011年1月7例急性Stanford A型主动脉夹层患者在我科接受新型三分支主动脉弓覆膜支架手术治疗。结果全组手术时间(259.2±53.6)分钟,体外循环时间(136.4±28.5)分钟,心肌血运阻断时间(85.3±11.7)分钟,深低温停循环选择性脑灌注时间(17.6±8.2)分钟。术中死亡1例,系术中主动脉开放后主动脉根部后壁大出血无法止血;其余6例患者术后及时清醒,循环稳定,无严重并发症发生。随访2～15个月,主动脉血管成像显示患者主动脉弓部及分支动脉内支架扩张贴壁满意,相应部位假腔消失,远端假腔内血栓填充;无与覆膜支架相关的并发症发生;患者心功能改善,生活质量良好。结论 采用新型三分支主动脉弓覆膜支架治疗急性Stanford A型主动脉夹层,可以简化主动脉弓部操作,降低手术风险,提高手术成功率,适合于大多数Stanford A型主动脉夹层患者的治疗。     

I型主动脉夹层动脉瘤行全弓置换及术中腔内支架治疗的随访研究

目的总结34例急性I型主动脉夹层动脉瘤行全弓置换及术中腔内支架治疗后的随访结果。方法2005年1月至2010年10月,我院共为34例急性I型主动脉夹层动脉瘤的患者行全弓置换及术中腔内支架术治疗。术后门诊随访2—70个月,随访30例。分别于术后3-,12个月及其后每年随访1次增强CT,观察远端假腔内血栓形成或吸收以及假腔闭合情况。结果全组围术期死亡3例,病死率8．8％。随访期死亡1例。随访期所有患者远端覆膜支架处血管假腔均闭合,10例患者支架远端血管仍有假腔,但假腔直径均无明显增大。结论对于急性I型主动脉夹层动脉瘤的患者行一期全弓置换及腔内支架术可以增加术后远端假腔的闭合率,减少因假腔扩大可能引起的再次手术。     

Treatment of Stanford type A aortic dissection with triple pre-fenestration,reduced diameter,and three-dimensional-printing techniques: A case report

BACKGROUNDA 63-year-old female was diagnosed with acute Stanford type A aortic dissection. The patient had pain in the chest and back for 1 wk. The computed tomography angiography (CTA) showed Stanford type A aortic dissection (Myla type III aortic arch). The intimal tear was located at the top of the aortic arch and retrograded to the ascending aorta.CASE SUMMARYPreoperatively, a three-dimensional (3D)-printed model of the aortic arch was made according to CTA data. Then, under the guidance of the 3D-printed aortic model, a pre-fenestrated stent-graft was customized, and the diameter of the stent-graft was reduced intraoperatively by surgeons. 3D printing, triple pre-fenestration, and reduced diameter techniques were used during the surgery. The CTA examinations were performed at the 3^rd mo and 1st year after the surgery; the results showed that the aortic dissection was repaired without endoleak, and all three branches of the aortic arch remained unobstructed.CONCLUSIONApplying the triple pre-fenestration technique for aortic arch lesions was feasible and minimally invasive in our case. The technique provides a new avenue for thoracic endovascular aortic repair of Stanford type A aortic dissection.     

覆膜支架腔内隔绝术治疗Stanford B型主动脉夹层19例

目的应用主动脉覆膜支架行Stanford B型主动脉夹层介入治疗,探讨扩大介入治疗适应证的可行性。方法分析2006年4月至2010年11月19例Stanford B型主动脉夹层患者行主动脉腔内修复术治疗的临床资料,根据多排螺旋CT血管成像(CTA)和数字减影血管造影(DSA)结果,选择个体化主动脉覆膜支架介入治疗,术后随访观察内漏、支架位置、假腔变化及脏器供血等。结果置入即刻造影示15例破口完全封堵,2例近端有中量内瘘,经用球囊扩张近端支架后内瘘明显减少,1例少量内瘘不需处理。2例破口距左锁骨下动脉小于0.5 cm者覆膜支架均完全封堵左锁骨下动脉,无脑及左上肢缺血表现。结论应用主动脉覆膜支架行Stanford B型主动脉夹层介入治疗安全、效果可靠,采用不同方法延长近端锚定距离,可扩大介入治疗Stanford B型主动脉夹层适应证。     

三分支支架血管重建全主动脉弓治疗急性A型主动脉夹层的体外循环策略

目的总结应用三分支支架血管重建全主动脉弓治疗急性A型主动脉夹层的体外循环方法。方法 2008年6月至2009年11月,对30例StanfordA型主动脉夹层患者行升主动脉人造血管替换加三分支支架血管置入,术中采用深低温停循环及选择性脑灌注的体外循环方法。结果 30例患者平均体外循环时间（151.8±16.69）min、心肌缺血时间（84.1±6.97）min、平均选择性脑灌注时间（40.85±3.13）min,平均下半身停止灌注时间（31.17±5.34）min,平均全身停循环时间（2.6±1.09）min。术后转入重症监护病房6小时内全部清醒,无神经系统并发症。平均机械辅助通气时间（17.93±2.35）h,平均重症监护病房观察时间（62.10±9.24）h。目前定期门诊随访中,无死亡和需要再次手术病例。结论 应用三分支支架血管重建全主动脉弓治疗急性A型主动脉夹层术中采用深低温停循环及选择性脑灌注的体外循环方法是安全有效的。     

Spontaneous retrograde dissection of ascending aorta from descending thoracic aorta--a case review

A 56-year-old man with sudden onset chest pain, absent right lower limb pulses and ECG changes suggestive of inferior ST elevation MI underwent coronary angiogram through the right radial artery with a view to primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). The left coronary angiogram demonstrated severe proximal stenotic disease in the left anterior descending and circumflex coronary arteries, but the right coronary artery could not be selectively cannulated. An ascending aortogram to visualise the right coronary artery not only failed to demonstrate it, but revealed, instead, a dissection flap in the ascending aorta, arch and descending thoracic aorta, with moderately severe aortic regurgitation. At operation, the patient was found to have an acute dissection of the ascending aorta, arch and descending aorta with an entry tear in the descending aorta below the left subclavian artery origin. Triple coronary artery bypass grafting with re-suspension of the aortic valve, supracoronary replacement of the ascending aorta and hemiarch and transaortic repair of the descending aortic tear was performed. The patient made an uncomplicated recovery, with the re-appearance of right limb pulses. A postoperative magnetic resonance (MR) scan revealed complete thrombosis of the false channel in the residual arch and a considerably shrunken false channel in the descending aorta and no aortic regurgitation. Retrograde dissection of the ascending aorta from the descending aorta has been reported infrequently in the past. We believe the scale of the problem has been underestimated because of the failure to adopt open distal anastomosis routinely in the past and, hence, failure to inspect the arch and the descending aorta routinely, particularly when the intimal tear was not identified in the ascending aorta. Retrograde dissection of the ascending aorta from an intimal tear in the descending aorta, when identified as such, has been managed, either on the principle of exclusion of the tear in the descending aorta by various elephant trunk procedures and their variants or, alternatively, on the principle of excision of the tear by extended one-stage aortic replacement, usually combined with an elephant trunk procedure. Neither of these procedures is widely adopted, owing to procedural, institutional and outcome considerations. We describe a transaortic repair of the intimal tear in the descending aorta with supracoronary interposition graft replacement of the ascending aorta and hemiarch with excellent clinical and radiological result. We also review the diagnostic and therapeutic approaches to this incompletely understood lethal disease.     

主动脉夹层撕裂内膜走行规律的MSCTA研究

目的 观察Stanford A型和Stanford B型主动脉夹层（AD）主动脉腔内的撕裂内膜走行规律。方法 回顾性分析65例AD患者的CTA资料,在胸腰椎体和椎间隙层面轴位图像上确定夹层动脉撕裂内膜与管壁两个结合点的位置,并计算真腔所处夹角角平分线（TLIAB）的钟点数。同时观察AD对主动脉分支大血管的影响情况。结果 升主动脉段Stanford A型内膜撕裂由主动脉根部向弓部呈顺时针旋转;真腔位于主动脉腔左侧约3~6点位置,TLIAB位置的平均钟点数为4.16±1.51。降主动脉段AD内膜撕裂由近端向远端呈逆时针旋转,Stanford A型和B型撕裂模式大致相同,旋转幅度相似;主动脉弓降部真腔位于主动脉腔右侧,TLIAB位于8~9点,降主动脉远端TLIAB位于7~8点。左冠状动脉均开口于真腔,其钟点数（3.82±0.41）与对应层面TLIAB（3.69±0.82）差异无统计学意义（t=0.86,P=0.40）;右冠状动脉开口紧邻血管壁内膜撕裂处。Stanford A型和B型AD的降主动脉段分支血管起源部位分型差异均无统计学意义（P均>0.05）。结论 AD内膜呈螺旋状撕裂,升主动脉段由主动脉根部至弓部呈顺时针旋转,降主动脉段由弓降部至远端呈逆时针旋转且Stanford A、B型的旋转模式大致相同。Stanford A型和B型AD主动脉分支大血管的受累情况相似。     

Risk factors of distal segment aortic enlargement after complicated type B aortic dissection

ObjectivesDistal segment aortic enlargement (DSAE) is a common complication that influences the long-term prognosis of type B aortic dissection (TBAD) after thoracic endovascular aortic repair (TEVAR). In this study, a multivariate analysis was performed to find potential factors predictive of DSAE.MethodsA single-center retrospective study was performed from 1999 to 2016. Included in the study were complicated TBAD patients who underwent TEVAR with uncovered residual tears. Based on the diameter of the distal segment of the uncovered aorta, we assigned patients to an enlargement group and a non-enlargement group. Data extracted from the medical records included demographic and clinical characteristics and follow-up computed tomography angiography data. The primary endpoints were the all-cause mortality and the presumably aortic-related events that required reintervention during the follow-up period.ResultsFor the 333 patients, all-cause mortality was 38 (11.41%), and 76 (22.82%) patients underwent reintervention. A total of 70 (21.02%) patients experienced DSAE, among them were 2 patients who died of aortic rupture and 58 patients who accepted reintervention. Multivariate analysis reviewed independent risk factors of postoperative DSAE, including current smoking, the residual length of the patent false lumen, the postoperative number of dissection tears in the thoracic aorta and type III aortic arch; as well as protective factors, including the application of a restrictive bare stent (RBS), the length of covered stent in the descending thoracic aorta, and the distance from the residual first tear to the left subclavian artery (LSA).ConclusionDSAE after TEVAR for patients with a complicated TBAD can be influenced by their current smoking habit, the residual length of patent false lumen, the postoperative number of dissection tears in the thoracic aorta and the aortic arch type. Meanwhile, RBS usage, the length of the covered stent in the descending thoracic aorta and the distance from the residual first tear to the LSA could have positive effect on the prognosis.     

急性胸降主动脉夹层的管腔内支架人工血管治疗

目的：评价管腔内支架人工血管替代传统外科手术治疗急性期胸降主动脉夹层动脉瘤的可行性和治疗效果。方法：自2000年3月至2002年1月，采用管腔内支架人工血管治疗急性胸降主动脉夹层动脉瘤患者20例，术前行胸部增强CT扫描。所用支架材料为国产形状记忆镍钛合金。结果：在20例患者共放支架血管22只，支架人工血管成功隔绝夹层原发破裂口19你（成功率为95％），胸降主动脉受压夹层真腔全部恢复正常内径，无支架治疗导致的死亡。1例病人手术后6h因严重再灌注损伤死亡（死亡率5％），转手术1例（转手术率5％）。术后1个月之内行增强CT复查，并在术后3月、6月和12月以及每年1次CT随访，未发现与支架人工血管有关的并发症。结论：管腔内支架人工血管治疗急性期胸降主动脉夹层动脉瘤具有良好的近期治疗效果，长期效果还有待进一步的研究。     

改良大动脉覆膜支架腔内修复治疗DeBaKeyⅢ型主动脉夹层

背景:常规的覆膜支架治疗DeBaKeyⅢ型主动脉夹层手术繁杂,并发症发生率较高,其操作技术有增加夹层破口破裂的风险.目的:应用改良的大动脉覆膜支架和创新的介入治疗方法腔内修复治疗DeBaKeyⅢ型主动脉夹层,观察其疗效和安全性.设计、时间及地点:回顾性病例分析,病例来自2006-10/2009-03赣南医学院第一附属医院心血管内科.对象:选择赣南医学院第一附属医院心血管内科收治的DeBaKeyⅢ型主动脉夹层患者30例,均为男性,年龄43～70(53.5±12.8)岁.发病时间为5～45 d不等.方法:全部病例选用细钢丝捆绑的覆膜支架和创新输送及释放支架的方法,对降主动脉破口与左锁骨下动脉距离<10 mn的DeBaKeyⅢ型主动脉夹层,可选用分支型大动脉覆膜支架.主要观察指标:支架置入成功后复行主动脉造影,了解覆膜支架位置,形态,夹层破口封闭和内漏以及主动脉弓分支血管通畅情况:观察术后并发症情况.术后行磁共振检查随访支架情况,有无瘤体破裂、内漏及支架移位等并发症.结果:30例共置入33枚细钢丝捆绑覆膜支架,其中4例因降主动脉破口与左锁骨下动脉距离<10 mm而置入分支型支架;5例支架置入后出现明显内漏,3例予球囊扩张,2例再置入1枚支架后内漏消失;1例患者置入后3个月支架远端出现新的破裂口而再置入1枚支架成功,3例出现右下肢麻木症状,1例出现右下肢间歇性跛行.所有患者置入后3～32个月随访行磁共振检查示假腔缩小并见腔内血栓形成,真腔增大,无瘤体破裂、内漏及支架移位等并发症.结论:采用细钢丝捆绑大动脉覆膜支架、创新输送和释放支架方法治疗DeBaKeyⅢ型主动脉夹层,具有技术操作容易、可靠、创伤小、术后恢复快、成功率高、并发症少等优点,尤其适用于高危患者.     

腔内隔绝术治疗胸腹主动脉瘤的临床应用

目的探讨腔内隔绝术治疗胸腹主动脉瘤的疗效和安全性。方法2000年5月～2004年10月,采用腔内隔绝术治疗胸腹主动脉瘤7例,其中4例胸主动脉夹层动脉瘤、1例胸主动脉假性动脉瘤、2例肾下型腹主动脉瘤,术后随访采用彩超和增强CT检查。结果7例病人共成功置入10个支架。随访2～28个月,所有支架位置、形态正常。4例胸主动脉夹层动脉瘤的内膜破裂口封闭,胸降主动脉和腹主动脉真腔扩大,假腔内血栓形成。1例胸主动脉假性动脉瘤和2例肾下型腹主动脉瘤的瘤体缩小。2例术后出现微小内漏,分别在2个月、6个月后内漏自行封闭,1例术后出现髂外动脉夹层经PTA和Wallstent治疗。结论腔内隔绝术能有效治疗胸腹主动脉瘤,具有创伤小、疗效确切和并发症少等优点。     

Proximal true lumen collapse in a chronic type B aortic dissection patient: A case report

BACKGROUNDIn the context of aortic dissection, increasing pressure within the newly formed false lumen can result in the progressive compression of the true aortic channel. However, true lumen collapse in chronic type B aortic dissection (cTBAD) patients is rare, with few clinical or experimental studies to date having explored the causes of such collapse.CASE SUMMARYIn the present report, we describe a rare case of true-lumen collapse in an 83-year-old patient diagnosed with cTBAD, and we discuss potential therapeutic interventions for such cases. Following thoracic endovascular aortic repair (TEVAR), computed tomography angiography revealed satisfactory stent-graft positioning, no endoleakage, true lumen enlargement, thrombus formation in the false lumen, and slight enlargement of the true lumen distal to the stent-graft. Computational hemodynamic analyses indicated that the wall shear stress and pressure within the false lumen were significantly reduced following TEVAR. CONCLUSIONTEVAR treatment of cTBAD patients suffering from proximal true lumen collapse can facilitate some degree of effective remodeling.     

Stanford-A acute aortic dissection,inflammation, and metalloproteinases: A review

Acute aortic dissection (AAD) is a life-threatening disease with an incidence of about 2.6–3.6 cases per 100,000/year. Depending on the site of rupture, AAD is classified as Stanford-A when the ascending aortic thoracic tract and/or the arch are involved, and Stanford-B when the descending thoracic aorta and/or aortic abdominal tract are targeted. It was recently shown that inflammatory pathways underlie aortic rupture in both type A and type B Stanford AAD. An immune infiltrate has been found within the middle and outer tunics of dissected aortic specimens. It has also been observed that the recall and activation of macrophages inside the middle tunic are key events in the early phases of AAD. Macrophages are able to release metalloproteinases (MMPs) and pro-inflammatory cytokines which, in turn, give rise to matrix degradation and neoangiogenesis. An imbalance between the production of MMPs and MMP tissue inhibitors is pivotal in the extracellular matrix degradation underlying aortic wall remodelling in dissections occurring both in inherited conditions and in atherosclerosis. Among MMPs, MMP-12 is considered a specific marker of aortic wall disease, whatever the genetic predisposition may be. The aim of this review is, therefore, to take a close look at the immune-inflammatory mechanisms underlying Stanford-A AAD.     

Endovascular repair of the aortic arch

The aortic arch is a challenging site for endovascular repair. The proximal implantation site is often wide, angulated, conical, and limited in length by the presence of vital branches to the head and arms. The only way to lengthen the implantation site without risking stroke is to provide an alternative source of inflow through endovascular or extravascular bypass. The complexity and stroke risk of branched stent-graft implantation increases exponentially with each additional branch. In our opinion, the safest strategy is to limit the stent graft to a single side branch. This bifurcated stent graft requires multiple bypass grafts in the neck but avoids median sternotomy and partial aortic clamping. Stent-graft implantation through the carotid or innominate artery provides a short, straight route to the proximal ascending aorta and ensures simple accurate placement of the innominate limb. In our experience, the primary limitation has been the anatomy of the ascending thoracic aorta, which may be too short or too wide. Previously created coronary bypass grafts (if patent) may also prevent proximal stent-graft implantation. The bypass grafts and route of access through the neck and groin are created using standard surgical techniques. Both components of the stent graft are implanted during brief periods of cardiac standstill. The tip of the bifurcated stent-graft delivery system is introduced over a curved guidewire into the left ventricle. Otherwise, the endovascular techniques of bifurcated arch repair are essentially those of bifurcated abdominal aortic repair. Despite high flows and wide-diameter components, current experience has shown bifurcated stent grafts of this type to be stable with follow-up over 3 years.     

主动脉夹层经胸超声心动图漏诊及误诊原因分析

摘要：目的：探讨主动脉夹层超声表现及部分病例漏诊误诊原因。方法：收集经手术证实为主动脉夹层诊断的病例50例进行回顾分析。结果：手术证实升主动脉夹层36处,主动脉弓夹层29处,降主动脉夹层43处。超声心动图对降主动脉病变漏诊16处,对主动脉弓病变漏诊9处,对升主动脉处病变漏诊1处。漏诊导致对主动脉夹层Debakey分型错误,I型夹层误诊16例,II型夹层误诊0例,III型夹层误诊1例。结论：主动脉夹层漏诊数量由高至低依次为降主动脉、主动脉弓、升主动脉,漏诊及误诊与超声医师因素、超声图像及设备因素密切相关。     

Emergency Cesarean Section Due to Acute Aortic Dissection Type A (Debakey I) without Marfan Syndrome: A Case Report and Review of the Literature

Background

Acute aortic dissection during pregnancy is an uncommon but important emergency due to its lethal risk to both mother and child. The dissection usually involves the ascending aorta or the aortic arch. Although additional affection of the descending aorta up to bifurcation is possible, further increasing the risk of organ malperfusion, full-length aortic dissection (DeBakey I) is known to be very rare. Dissection during pregnancy has been reported predominantly in combination with Marfan syndrome. Acute aortic dissection Stanford type A (AADA) DeBakey I during pregnancy without signs of Marfan syndrome as a warning signal is very uncommon in the current literature.

Objectives

The etiology, diagnosis, differential diagnosis, and management of this rare disease are discussed in relation to the current literature.

Case Report

We report the case of an athletic 34-year-old woman in the third trimester of pregnancy, without history of previous diseases, who presented to our Emergency Department after collapsing. In the resuscitation department, an emergency cesarean section was performed due to the start of circulation failure in the mother. Computed tomography scan revealed a severe aortic dissection starting from 1 cm distal the aortic valve over the full length up to the iliac arteries, involving the brachiocephalic and carotid arteries up to the level of the larynx. Emergency replacement of the ascending aorta and the aortic arch was performed. Both the mother and baby survived and were doing well 1 year postoperatively.

Conclusion

This alarming result of AADA (DeBakey I) in late pregnancy without obvious warnings such as Marfan syndrome illustrates the importance of performing early imaging in similar cases.     

升主动脉疾病38例外科手术治疗分析

目的总结升主动脉疾病的外科手术治疗经验。方法升主动脉瘤患者25例（累及部分弓部或者全弓4例）,急性Stanford A型主动脉夹层13例,均在全麻低温体外循环下经前正中切口手术。其中Bentall手术17例,Wheat手术1例,升主动脉替换手术3例,升主动脉替换加右半弓或者全弓替换手术4例,升主动脉及全弓替换加支架＂象鼻＂手术（＂孙氏＂手术）4例,Bentall加新型三分支主动脉弓覆膜支架置入手术2例,主动脉瓣成形及升主动脉替换加新型三分支主动脉弓覆膜支架置入手术7例;同期行二尖瓣成形术1例,二尖瓣机械瓣替换术1例。结果全组平均体外循环时间（128.4±30.5）min,平均心肌血运阻断时间（80.3±14.7）min;17例行深低温停循环选择性脑灌注时间10～22 min,平均（17.5±8.3）min。呼吸机辅助时间（46.1±20.9）h,ICU停留时间（92.5±37.1）h,术后住院时间（13.7±7.4）d。死亡2例（5.3%）,1例死于术中大出血,1例死于术后重症肺部感染。术后24小时内心包和纵隔引流量（448.6±262.5）ml,无二次开胸止血者。术后5例出现低氧血症,3例并发精神症状,1例出现伤口感染,均治愈。36例随访1个月至11年,均生存,心功能恢复至Ⅰ～Ⅱ级,生活质量良好。结论 选择最佳的手术方式是外科治疗升主动脉疾病的关键。Bentall手术是治疗升主动脉瘤的主要术式,＂孙氏＂手术则是治疗Stanford A型主动脉夹层的经典术式;应用新型三分支主动脉弓覆膜支架重建主动脉弓部,可以简化弓部操作,降低手术风险,提高手术成功率,适用于大部分急性Stanford A型主动脉夹层患者。