常规超声联合增强CT在甲状腺髓样癌术前评估中的应用价值

正甲状腺髓样癌(medullary thyroid carcinoma,MTC)是甲状腺恶性肿瘤中较为少见的一种类型,约占甲状腺癌的3%～8%~([1])。MTC来源于可以分泌降钙素的甲状腺C细胞,属于神经内分泌肿瘤。由于MTC侵袭性高、转移早、预后较差,因此尽早发现、明确诊断并手术治疗很关键~([2])。     

血清降钙素检测在甲状腺髓样癌临床应用中的研究进展

正甲状腺髓样癌(medullary thyroid carcinoma,MTC)是一种起源于滤泡旁C细胞的神经内分泌肿瘤,虽然仅占所有甲状腺癌的5%,但因甲状腺髓样癌预后较差,其所致的死亡占甲状腺癌总死亡的8~13%~([1-2])。因此,甲状腺髓样癌的早期诊治对于改善患者预后具有极其重要的意义。甲状腺髓样癌能特征性地表达降钙素(calcitonin,CT),后者可以分泌并释放进入     

血清降钙素检测在甲状腺髓样癌临床应用的研究进展

正甲状腺髓样癌(medullary thyroid carcinoma,MTC)是一种起源于滤泡旁C细胞的神经内分泌肿瘤,虽然仅占所有甲状腺癌的5%,但因甲状腺髓样癌预后较差,其所致的死亡占甲状腺癌总死亡的8~13%~([1-2])。因此,甲状腺髓样癌的早期诊治对于改善患者预后具有极其重要的意义。甲状腺髓样癌能特征性地表达降钙素(calcitonin,CT),后者可以分泌并释放进入     

分子诊断甲状腺癌临床应用及靶向治疗新进展

<正>甲状腺癌是头颈部恶性肿瘤中最常见的一种，且发病率和死亡率都呈现上升趋势，发病人数约占癌症人群总数的2%～3%,在女性(尤其是育龄女性和孕期女性)中更为高发^[1-3]。甲状腺癌的来源为两种内分泌细胞，一种是滤泡甲状腺细胞，另一种是滤泡旁C细胞，又大致分为四种类型：甲状腺乳头状癌(PTC)占比最大，过半患者分型均为PTC,及时治疗后通常预后良好；甲状腺滤泡状癌(FTC)其次，但占比已大大降低，仅不到10%;甲状腺髓样癌(MTC)较为罕见，     

甲状腺髓样癌的研究进展

甲状腺髓样癌(medullarythyroidcarcinoma,MTC)占甲状腺癌的8%～10%,是一种起源于甲状腺滤泡旁细胞(C细胞)的恶性肿瘤。能分泌特异的降钙素,也称为滤泡旁细胞癌,属APUD系统肿瘤。不具备摄碘功能,恶性程度介于分化型与未分化甲状腺癌之间,多数患者疗效欠佳。目前认为MTC除了外科手术,其它治疗方法基本无效。放疗、化疗仅作为一种姑息治疗方法,生物治疗在晚期MTC中初步开始应用,但大多还处于临床研究阶段,真正用于临床还有距离。研究证实髓样癌发病的主要原因是ret原癌基因的突变,从而使C细胞过度增殖所致。本文复习有关文献,就其临床特征及药物靶向治疗等方面进行归纳总结,希望对临床工作有所帮助。     

血清降钙素在甲状腺髓样癌临床诊疗中的应用进展

甲状腺髓样癌(MTC)是起源于甲状腺滤泡旁细胞(C细胞)的神经内分泌肿瘤,MTC癌细胞和C细胞均可合成和分泌降钙素。MTC患者血清降钙素水平与病情严重程度密切相关。根据现有的临床研究报道,血清降钙素检测可用于MTC临床筛查、术前诊断、疗效评估、长期动态随访和预后判断等。因此,血清降钙素检测对MTC的临床诊疗有一定的指导意义。     

甲状腺癌基因诊断与基因治疗的研究进展

甲状腺癌(thyroid carcinoma,TC)是内分泌系统中最常见的恶性肿瘤之一,约占全身恶性肿瘤的3％.近三十年来,甲状腺癌以6.2％的年增长速度递增,成为当前增长速度最快的恶性肿瘤[1].其中分化型甲状腺癌(differentiated thyroid carcinoma,DTC)占大多数,根据组织学突变不同又分为甲状腺乳头状癌(papillary thyroid carcinoma,PTC)和甲状腺滤泡状癌(follicular thyroid carcinoma,FTC),另有来源于甲状腺滤泡旁细胞的甲状腺髓样癌(medullary thyroid carcinoma,MTC).未分化型甲状腺癌(anaplastic thyroid carcinoma,ATC)则一般起源于分化型中的一些发生去分化的细胞.     

甲状腺癌肿瘤标志物及相关基因研究进展

甲状腺癌是常见的内分泌肿瘤，女性发病率高。临床甲状腺肿瘤中有5％～10％为甲状腺癌。其中分化型甲状腺癌占90％，包括甲状腺乳头状癌（PTC）和甲状腺滤泡状癌（FTC），未分化癌较为少见，其恶性程度高、预后差。除了上述来源于甲状腺滤泡上皮细胞癌外，还有来源于甲状腺滤泡旁细胞（C细胞）的甲状腺髓样癌，主要存在于多发内分泌肿瘤（multiple endocrine neoplasia，MEN）2A和2B型中。     

甲状腺髓样癌中碳酸酐酶IX的研究进展

<正>甲状腺癌（thyroid carcinoma,TC）是内分泌系统最常见的恶性肿瘤之一,近年来发病率逐年上升,其病理类型包括乳头状癌（papillary thyroid carcinoma,PTC）、滤泡状癌（follicular thyroid carcinoma,FTC）、未分化型甲状腺癌（anaplastic thyroid carcinoma,ATC）以及甲状腺髓样癌（medullary thyroid carcinoma,MTC）,MTC来源于甲状腺滤泡旁细胞（C细胞）,仅占TC的5%,分家族性（25%）和散发性（75%）两种,MTC虽然发病率较低,但侵袭性较高,     

细针穿刺细胞学在甲状腺癌中漏诊误诊原因及临床价值分析

目的 分析细针穿刺细胞学(FNAC)在所有甲状腺癌诊断中的应用情况及漏诊、误诊原因,进一步探讨其在甲状腺癌中的临床应用价值。方法 收集2021年1月—2022年1月在西南医科大学附属医院行甲状腺FNAC的397例病例,应用穿刺涂片HE染色、细胞蜡块、免疫细胞化学、术中冰冻及术后常规组织病理切片、免疫组织化学、基因检测,根据甲状腺癌[包括甲状腺乳头状癌(PTC)、甲状腺滤泡癌(FTC)、甲状腺髓样癌(MTC)及未分化型甲状腺癌(ATC)]各自的细胞学特异性特征,将所有标本分为低危组和高危组,并对所有漏诊及误诊的病例进行原因分析。结果 所有的病例中,高危组243例,低危组154例,其中滤泡性肿瘤符合率为94.12%(32/34);PTC符合率为97.47%(193/198);不能确定类型的甲状腺癌及可疑MTC符合率为100%(11/11),总的误诊率为2.47%(6/243)。误诊原因可能为：腺瘤性甲状腺肿、桥本氏甲状腺炎等良性病变中,部分细胞核发生毛玻璃样改变且呈伴有乳头状增生时,容易过诊断为PTC;滤泡性肿瘤中除了大量微滤泡,典型的梁状结构更具诊断特征性,当细胞具有明显的异型性时,容易...     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

APPLICATION OF LORNOXICAM TO PATIENT-CONTROLLED ANALGESIA IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING ABDOMINAL SURGERIES

FOR anesthesiologis s ,treatingpostoperativepainhas alwaysbeen a problem.Althoughopioidshave been provedtobe effective,theirsideeffectscouldnotbeignored.With thedevelopmentofscienceand pharmacology,many drugs with aspectsof satisfactoryanalgesicefficacyand couldbe welltoleratedby patientshave been developed.And lornoxicamisone of them, which isa non-steroidalanti-inflammatorydrug (NSAID ), with analgesic, anti-infl-ammatory,andantipyreticproperties.Itseliminationhalf-time(3 to 5 hours) isle…     

Development on Adjustable Calibration Marker for Shock Wave Focus

Shock wave lithotripsy （SWL） is a treatment of choice for upper urinary stones. However, this procedure is inappropriate for obese patients because the focus is often unable to reach the target owing to the limited focal distance in shock wave source. Although treating such patients in a blast path may increase the application length of shock wave source, it＇s difficult to find this path on the lithotripter monitor. For this reason, we invented an adjustable calibration marker in order to set an effective focus in the shock wave hath.     

Study on the TCM Pathogenesis of Angiopathic Complications of Type II Diabetes

Excess production of reactive oxygen species(ROS)of mitochondrion mediated by hyperglycemia is the common pathogenesis of angiopathic complications of diabetes.TCM holds that the damp from the dysfunction of spleen.kidney and liver is the causative factor of complications of diabetes.This is similar to the mechanism of Ros resulting in angiopathic complications of diabetes.When the angiopathic complications of type II diabetes mellitus(T2DM)are difierentiated as caused by turbid damp in TCM can be explained as ROS.Since the obstruction of pathogenic damp in channels and collaterals is said to be the main pathogenesis,the treating principle should be dissolving the damp to remove the obstruction.     

Leptin, Ghrelin and TNF-α before and after Hypo-caloric Traditional Chinese Diet and Auricular Acupuncture

INTRODUCTION Obesity is a complex emergent problem, which can be possibly solved not only by the diet but also by the life style and promotion of a constant physical exercise. 1, 2 No doubt careful attentions must be given to the nutritional condition of obese people, the dietary habits, the somatic build (i.e. distribution of fat mass) and the organic functions linked to formation of the fat mass. All the parameters should be constantly monitored before, during and after a diet treatment. 3, 4, 5     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

Relationship between Dysglycemia and Carotid Atherosclerosis in Tibetan Population

People with dysglycemia are at high risk for atherosclerotic diseases. This study aims at investigating the atherosclerotic vascular damage in dysglycemia and its metabolic origin in Tibetan population.     

Acupuncture Combined with Spinal Tui Na for Treatment of Primary Dysmenorrhea in 30 Cases

Objective: To observe the therapeutic effects in acupunture treatment of primary dysmenorrhea combined with spinal Tui Na, and study its mechanism. Methods: Thirty cases of the treatment group were treated by acupuncture combined with spinal Tui Na, and thirty cases in the control group were treated by routine acupuncture. Results: The total effective rate was 93.3% in the treatment group, and 73.3% in the control group, with a significant difference between the two groups (P<0.05). Conclusions: Acupuncture combined with spinal Tui Na has good prospects for treatment of primary dysmenorrhea.     

Luo Lingjie's Experience in Treating Chronic Nephropathy

In treating chronic nephropathy,Luo Lingjie,a chief physician,pays attention to regulating the balance between yin and yang,treating infection if present,and removing pathogenic factors.He prescribes gentle drugs and uses carefully strongly warming-tonifying ones,emphasizes the importance of persuading the patient to persist in treatment with medication and nurse one's health for recuperation,and is good at combined use of TCM and western medicine therapy and brings the merits of various therapies into full play,with obvious theraoeutic effects.