紫杉醇卡铂方案同步放疗与PF方案治疗晚期宫颈癌疗效比较

目的探讨紫杉醇卡铂方案同步放疗与顺铂+氟尿嘧啶(PF方案)治疗晚期宫颈癌的疗效比较。方法采用回顾性分析80例晚期宫颈癌患者的临床资料,分为观察组(紫杉醇卡铂方案同步放疗治疗)50例和对照组(PF方案治疗)30例。结果观察组晚期宫颈癌临床治疗总缓解率明显高于对照组(P<0.05),同时观察组不良反应发生率稍高于对照组(P>0.05),但差异无统计学意义。结论紫杉醇卡铂方案同步放疗治疗晚期宫颈癌临床治疗效果明显,值得临床推广应用。     

PF方案与OLF方案用于晚期胃癌治疗的疗效比较

目的分析比较PF方案与OLF方案用于晚期胃癌治疗的疗效。方法选择2009年3月至2011年3月我院接诊的60例晚期胃癌患者进行研究。按照随机数表法,分为实验组和对照组两组,每组各30例患者。实验组采用晚期胃癌治疗的PF方案进行化疗,对照组采用晚期胃癌治疗的OLF方案进行化疗。治疗后,分析比较两组患者治疗的临床疗效。结果治疗前后,两组患者的病情状况均有所缓解。治疗后,对两组患者的临床疗效进行比较分析。发现实验组患者近期化疗的总有效率与对照组无显著性差异(P>0.05);治疗后,实验组患者的远期的中位生存时间与对照组无明显差别(P>0.05)。结论 PF方案与OLF方案用于晚期胃癌化疗的疗效显著,两种方案治疗的近、远期结果接近,均可作为晚期胃癌的一线治疗方案。     

观察紫杉醇联合卡铂(TP方案)治疗晚期卵巢癌的有效性

目的分析紫杉醇联合卡铂(TP方案)治疗晚期卵巢癌的有效性。方法选取我院2007年7月至2012年7月收治的40例晚期卵巢癌患者,随机将他们分为观察组和对照组两组,每组平均20例。对观察组患者采用紫杉醇联合卡铂(TP方案)进行治疗,对对照组患者采用顺铂+阿霉素+环磷酰胺(CAP方案)进行治疗。结果和对照组相比,观察组患者的治疗有效率明显偏高,生存时间明显延长,两组相比差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论晚期卵巢癌的治疗方面,紫杉醇联合卡铂(TP方案)具有较高的治疗有效率,并且能够极大延长患者的生存时间,应该成为治疗晚期卵巢癌的首选药物,值得在临床广为推广。     

晚期膀胱癌患者的临床治疗

目的探讨TPF化疗方案治疗晚期膀胱癌的临床疗效。方法选取唐山市工人医院2006年7月至2009年8月收治60例晚期膀胱癌患者的临床资料,随机分为治疗组(30例)和对照组(30例),对照组患者采用常规化疗,治疗组患者应用TPF化疗方案,根据两组患者的身体状况和化疗效果行手术治疗,比较两组患者的化疗效果。结果治疗组患者近期疗效优于对照组患者,两组患者疗效比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 TPF化疗方案是晚期膀胱癌安全有效的姑息性治疗方法。     

晚期大肠癌3种化疗方案的最小成本分析

目的:探讨晚期大肠癌3种化疗方案临床疗效和经济效果。方法:对89例晚期大肠癌患者,根据治疗方案不同分为A组(FOLFOX方案)、B组(FOLFIRI方案)、C组(XELIRI方案)。比较3种化疗方案疗效,并运用药物经济学方法进行最小成本分析。结果:A、B、C组的有效率分别为42.1%、46.7%、33.3%(P>0.05),成本分别为12291.7、16933.9、17804.2元。结论:FOLFOX方案治疗晚期大肠癌较经济。     

艾迪注射液联合GP化疗治疗老年晚期非小细胞肺癌的临床疗效观察

目的探讨艾迪注射液联合GP化疗方案治疗老年晚期非小细胞肺癌的临床治疗效果及其安全性。方法 68例晚期非小细胞肺癌老年患者,随机分为对照组和联合组。对照组采用单纯GP化疗方案(吉西他滨+顺铂)治疗,联合组采用艾迪注射液联合GP化疗方案治疗。比较两组临床治疗效果、生活质量改善情况及其安全性。结果联合组治疗总有效率明显高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。联合组患者生活质量改善率明显高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。联合组患者骨髓抑制率明显比对照组低,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。两组患者呕吐比较,无明显差异,无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论艾迪注射液联合GP化疗方案治疗老年晚期非小细胞肺癌能显著提高临床治疗效果,改善患者生活质量,安全性高。     

奥曲肽联合XELOX方案治疗晚期胃癌的疗效分析

目的研究奥曲肽联合XELOX方案治疗晚期胃癌的疗效及治疗后生存率情况。方法选择笔者所在医院2008年1月~2010年2月收治的晚期胃癌患者共60例,患者根据治疗方式不同分为观察组及对照组各30例,观察两组患者治疗前后Karnofsky评分、毒副反应情况及患者0.5、1、2年的生存率。结果观察组患者Karnofsky评分升高率为63.7%,对照组为36.7%,两组比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。两组患者毒副作用对比差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。观察组治疗后0.5、1、2年生存率显著高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论奥曲肽联合XELOX方案治疗晚期胃癌相对单纯XELOX方案而言,患者治疗效果更好,治疗后生存率高,值得临床大力推广。     

长春瑞滨或紫杉醇联合顺铂治疗130晚期乳腺癌的疗效分析

目的探讨长春瑞滨或紫杉醇联合顺铂治疗晚期乳腺癌的疗效和不良反应。方法 130例患者随机分为两组,分别为长春瑞滨联合顺铂组(NP方案组)和紫杉醇联合顺铂(TP方案组),每组患者65例,NP方案组患者给予长春瑞滨50 mg/d,d1、d8;顺铂30 mg/m2,d1-d5。TP方案组患者给予紫杉醇110～140 mg/m2,d2;顺铂30 mg/m2,d1-d5。结果 NP方案总有效率为61.4%(40/65),中位生存期为7.5个月;TP方案总有效率55.4%(36/65),中位生存期7.2个月。两组比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论 NP方案与TP方案治疗晚期乳腺癌患者疗效相当,都可以作为治疗晚期乳腺癌治疗的临床方案。     

TP方案治疗晚期肺癌的临床疗效观察

目的探讨的TP方案和CAP方案对初治的晚期非小细胞肺癌(NSCLC)的疗效和不良反应。方法 44例晚期NSCLC患者随机分成TP组和CAP组,比较两组不同化疗方案的近期疗效和不良反应。结果治疗组总有效率和1年生存率明显优于对照组(P<0.05)。不良反应方面,两组以骨髓抑制和消化道症状为主,两组患者的化疗不良反应均在可耐受的范围内,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论 TP方案治疗晚期肺癌的近、远期疗效好,化疗的不良反应能耐受,临床上可以根据患者的具体情况制定适合其的治疗方案。     

GP方案联合恩度治疗晚期转移性乳腺癌的临床疗效

目的观察恩度(重组人血管内皮抑制素)联合NP方案(吉西他滨联合顺铂方案)治疗晚期乳腺癌的近期疗效及安全性。方法将晚期复发转移性乳腺癌患者76例随机分为GP方案治疗组(GP组)和GP方案联合恩度治疗组(GP+E组)。所有患者均于治疗2周期后评价近期疗效和毒副反应,并按时随访评价远期疗效。结果 GP+E组在近、远期疗效及安全性方面均明显优于GP组,差异有统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论对晚期乳腺癌一线治疗后发生复发或转移的患者,改用恩度联合GP方案化疗后显著提高疗效,延长生存期,毒副反应低,值得临床进一步大样本研究。     

Efficacy of gut lavage,hemodialysis, and hemoperfusion in the therapy of paraquat or diquat intoxication

Clinical and in vitro investigations were carried out to test the efficacy of gut lavage, hemodialysis, and hemoperfusion in the treatment of poisoning with paraquat or diquat. In a patient suffering from diquat intoxication 130 times more diquat was removed by gut lavage 30 h after ingestion than was removed by complete aspiration of the gastric contents.Determination of in vitro clearances for paraquat and diquat by hemodialysis showed that, at serum concentrations of 1–2 ppm, such as are frequently encountered in poisoning in man, toxicologically relevant quantities of herbicide cannot be removed from the body. At a concentration of 20 ppm, on the other hand, hemodialysis proved to be effective, the clearance being 70 ml/min at a blood flow rate of 100 ml/min. The efficacy of hemoperfusion with coated activated charcoal was on the whole better. Especially at concentrations around 1–2 ppm, the clearance values for hemoperfusion were some 5–7 times higher than those for hemodialysis.In a patient suffering from paraquat poisoning, both hemodialysis as well as hemoperfusion were carried out. The in vitro results could be confirmed: At serum concentrations of paraquat less than 1 ppm no clearance could be obtained by hemodialysis while by hemoperfusion with activated charcoal quite high clearance values were measured and the serum level dropped down to zero.

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Zusammenfassung Klinische Untersuchungen und Laboratoriumsversuche wurden durchgeführt, um die Wirksamkeit von Darmspülung, Hämodialyse und Hämoperfusion bei Paraquat- und Deiquat-Vergiftungen zu prüfen.Bei einem Patienten wurde 30 Std nach Deiquat-Aufnahme durch Darmspülung 130mal mehr Deiquat entfernt als durch vollständige Aspiration des Mageninhaltes. In vitro-Versuche ergaben, daß bei Blutserumkonzentrationen von 1–2 ppm, die bei Vergiftungen oft gemessen werden, durch Hämodialyse keine toxikologisch relevanten Paraquat- oder Deiquat-Mengen entfernt werden können. Dagegen erwies sich die Hämodialyse bei 20 ppm und einer Blutumlaufgeschwindigkeit von 100 ml/min mit einer Clearance von 70 ml/min als wirksam. Die Hämoperfusion mit beschicheter Aktivkohle war in diesen Versuchen aber eindeutig überlegen, denn insbesondere bei Konzentrationen um 1–2 ppm waren die Clearance-Werte 5–7mal höher als bei der Hämodialyse.Die in vitro-Ergebnisse wurden bei einem Patienten mit einer Paraquat-Vergiftung bestätigt: Bei Konzentrationen unter 1 ppm war die Hämodialyse wirkungslos, während durch Hämoperfusion relativ hohe Clearance-Werte erreicht wurden, so daß der Serumspiegel rasch unter die Nachweisgrenze abfiel.

     

In vitro studies on sterically stabilized liposomes (SL) as enzyme carriers in organophosphorus (OP) antagonism

This study describes a new approach for organophosphorous (OP) antidotal treatment by encapsulating an OP hydrolyzing enzyme, OPA anhydrolase (OPAA), within sterically stabilized liposomes. The recombinant OPAA enzyme was derived from Alteromonas strain JD6. It has broad substrate specificity to a wide range of OP compounds: DFP and the nerve agents, soman and sarin. Liposomes encapsulating OPAA (SL)* were made by mechanical dispersion method. Hydrolysis of DFP by (SL)* was measured by following an increase of fluoride ion concentration using a fluoride ion selective electrode. OPAA entrapped in the carrier liposomes rapidly hydrolyze DFP, with the rate of DFP hydrolysis directly proportional to the amount of (SL)* added to the solution. Liposomal carriers containing no enzyme did not hydrolyze DFP. The reaction was linear and the rate of hydrolysis was first order in the substrate. This enzyme carrier system serves as a biodegradable protective environment for the recombinant OP-metabolizing enzyme, OPAA, resulting in prolongation of enzymatic concentration in the body. These studies suggest that the protection of OP intoxication can be strikingly enhanced by adding OPAA encapsulated within (SL)* to pralidoxime and atropine.     

Steroidal sapogenin contents in some domestic plants

In order to find out the values of the steroid resources for the future use. the compositions and contents of steroidal sapogenins from 13 domestic plants have been investigated. As a result,Dioscorea nipponica, D. quinqueloba andSmilax china were found to have large amount of diosgenin. And pennogenin inTrillium kamtschaticum andParis verticillata, yuccagenin inAllium fistulosum, hecogenin inAgave americana and neochlorogenin inSolanum nigum were appeared to be major steroidal sapogenins.     

Synthesis,Cytotoxicity and Antileishmanial Activity of Some N-(2-(indol-3-yl)ethyl)-7-chloroquinolin-4-amines

We report herein the condensation of 4,7-dichloroquinoline (1) with tryptamine (2) and D-tryptophan methyl ester (3) . Hydrolysis of the methyl ester adduct (5) yielded the free acid (6) . The compounds were evaluated in vitro for activity against four different species of Leishmania promastigote forms and for cytotoxic activity against Kb and Vero cells. Compound (5) showed good activity against the Leishmania species tested, while all three compounds displayed moderate activity in both Kb and Vero cells.     

Aquatic Insects and Trace Metals: Bioavailability,Bioaccumulation, and Toxicity

Abstract

The uptake of metals from food and water sources by insects is thought to be additive. For a given metal, the proportions taken up from water and food will depend both on the bioavailable concentration of the metal associated with each source and the mechanism and rate by which the metal enters the insect. Attempts to correlate insect trace metal concentrations with the trophic level of insects should be made with a knowledge of the feeding relationships of the individual taxa concerned. Pathways for the uptake of essential metals, such as copper and zinc, exist at the cellular level, and other nonessential metals, such as cadmium, also appear to enter via these routes. Within cells, trace metals can be bound to proteins or stored in granules. The internal distribution of metals among body tissues is very heterogeneous, and distribution patterns tend to be both metal and taxon specific. Trace metals associated with insects can be both bound on the surface of their chitinous exoskeleton and incorporated into body tissues. The quantities of trace meals accumulated by an individual reflect the net balance between the rate of metal influx from both dissolved and particulate sources and the rate of metal efflux from the organism. The toxicity of metals has been demonstrated at all levels of biological organization: cell, tissue, individual, population, and community. Much of the literature pertaining to the toxic effects of metals on aquatic insects is based on laboratory observations and, as such, it is difficult to extrapolate the data to insects in nature. The few experimental studies in nature suggest that trace metal contaminants can affect both the distribution and the abundance of aquatic insects. Insects have a largely unexploited potential as biomonitors of metal contamination in nature. A better understanding of the physico-chemical and biological mechanisms mediating trace metal bioavailability and exchange will facilitate the development of general predictive models relating trace metal concentrations in insects to those in their environment. Such models will facilitate the use of insects as contaminant biomonitors.