头孢唑林对阿米卡星在兔体内的药动学影响

采用微量微生物法对阿米卡星（ＡＭＫ）单用及与头孢唑林（ＣＥＺ）合用后兔体内ＡＭＫ血药浓度进行测定,药时数据用ＭＣＰＫＰ软件经ＩＢＭ 计算机处理,并对两组药动学参数进行了统计学处理,结果表明ＣＥＺ对ＡＭＫ的药动学有显著的影响。     

氨苄青霉素对丁胺卡那霉素药动学的影响

本文采用微量微生物法对ＡＭＫ单用及ＡＭＫ与ＡＭＰ合用后，兔体内ＡＭＫ血、尿药浓度进行测定；药时数据用ＭＣＰＫＰ软件经ＩＢＭ计算机处理，并对两组药动学参数进行了统计学处理。结果表明ＡＭＰ对ＡＭＫ的药动学有显著的影响。     

双氯灭痛在正常人体内的药物动力学研究

采用反相高效液相色谱法测定了１０例健康人单剂量口服７５ｍｇ双氯灭痛片剂后血浆药浓度，研究了该药物在中国人体内药物动力学。经用ＰＫＢＰ－Ｎ＿１程序包在计算机上拟合计算表明，双氯灭痛口服给药多数人表现为二房室模型。其主要药动学参数分别为：Ｔ＿（α１／２）＝０．４０±０．１１ｈ，Ｔ＿（β１／２）＝１．７７±０．５ｈ，Ｔ＿（ｍａｘ）＝１．７８±０．３２ｈ，Ｃ＿（ｍａｘ）＝１．８７±０．９μｇ／ｍｌ，ＡＵＣ＝３．８１±１．７μｇ／（ｍｌ·ｈ）。结果表明，中国人体内的药动学参数与所报道的外国人体内相似。     

BM－13505抗栓作用及机理研究

ＢＭ１３５０５是新合成的血栓烷受体拮抗剂，ＢＭ１３５０５０．４５和０．２３ｍｇ／ｋｇｉｖ延长大鼠颈动脉血管阻塞时间（ｐ＜０．００１和ｐ＜０．０１）．ＢＭ１３５０５２ｍｇ／ｋｇｉｖ有效地防止ＡＡ４ｍｇ／ｋｇ所致的大鼠脑血栓形成（ｐ＜０．０１）。ＢＭ１３５０５１０ｍｇ／ｋｇｉｐ可防止ＡＡ诱导的小鼠肺部栓塞（ｐ＜０．０１）。该药可延长小鼠尾出血时间。ＢＭ１３５０５显著抑制ＡＡ诱导的兔血小板聚集，半数抑制浓度ＩＣ＿（５０）为０．１７Ｖｍｏｌ／Ｌ，对ＡＤＰ和胶原诱导的血小板聚集无影响。ＢＭ１３５０５降低兔血小板及小鼠血浆中ＴＸＢ＿２水平，对血小板ｃＡＭＰ水平无影响。在不远的将来，ＢＭ１３５０５可能会发展成一种理想的抗血小板药及抗血栓药。     

健康者体内头孢唑林对阿米卡星药动学的影响

采用微量微生物法对阿米卡星（ＡＭＫ）单用及ＡＭＫ与头孢唑林（ＣＥＺ）合用后,健康者体内ＡＭＫ血药浓度进行测定;药时数据用ＭＣＰＫＰ软件经ＩＢＭ计算机处理,并对两组药动学参数进行了统计学处理,结果表明ＣＥＺ对ＡＭＫ的药动学有显著的影响。     

应用Bayesian反馈法预测阿替洛尔药物动力学参数及血药浓度

应用Ｂａｙｅｓｉａｎ反馈法预测２１例高血压病人，口服阿替洛尔的个体药动学参数及稳态血药浓度（Ｃｐｓｓ）并与经典药动学方法估算结果作比较，结果表明本法的Ｔ１／２为６．０±１．７ｈ，Ｖｄ为１．４３±０．１３Ｌ／ｋｇ，ＣＬ为１７２±３４ｍｌ／（ｈ·ｋｇ）；经典法的Ｔ１／２为６．８±２．４ｈ，Ｖｄ为１．４５±０．５６Ｌ／ｋｇ，ＣＬ为１６４±８５ｍｌ／（ｈ·ｋｇ）。两者无显著性差异（Ｐ＞０．０５）。两法所测得Ｃｐｓｓ有较好相关性（ｒ＝０．９９３）。     

血肌酐值法预测地高辛个体化给药方案

在地高辛常规监测中，用血肌酐值法预测个体化药动学参数和给药方案。结果表明，８４例病人的地高辛药物动力学参数预测值为，ＣＬ７６±２１ｍｌ／（ｋｇ·ｈ），Ｖｄ７．０５±１．２０Ｌ／ｋｇ，Ｔ１／２６６±７ｈ。预测的个体化剂量为３．１±０．９μｇ／（ｋｇ·ｄ），预测的稳态血药浓度（Ｃ＿（ｓｓ））为１．２４±０．３８μｇ／Ｌ，与实测Ｃ＿（ｓｓ）１．２±０．４μｇ／Ｌ比较，差异无显著性（Ｐ＞０．０５）。     

血管紧张素Ⅱ介导心肌成纤维细胞增殖的信号转导

目的探讨钙调神经磷酸酶（ＣａＮ）依赖的信号通路在血管紧张素Ⅱ（ＡｎｇⅡ）刺激的乳鼠心肌成纤维细胞（ＦＢｓ）增殖中的作用。方法以培养的ＦＢｓ为模型,用ＡｎｇⅡ刺激ＦＢｓ外Ｃａ２＋入流,环抱素Ａ（ＣｓＡ）阻断ＣａＮ信号通路,维拉帕米（Ｖｅｒ）阻断ＦＢｓ钙通道,检测ＦＢｓ　ＣａＮ、丝裂素活化蛋白激酶（ＭＡＰＫ）、蛋白激酶 Ｃ（ＰＫＣ）活性,用［３Ｈ］－亮氨酸及［３Ｈ］－胸腺嘧啶参入量作为反应 ＦＢｓ增殖的指标。结果Ａｕｇ Ⅱ刺激组ＦＢｓ蛋白核酸合成速率明显增高,与对照组相比差异有显著性（Ｐ＜０．０１）;ＣｓＡ及Ｖｅｒ能明显抑制Ａｎｇ Ⅱ介导的ＦＢｓ蛋白核酸合成速率增高,与ＡｎｇⅡ血刺激组相比差异有显著性（ Ｐ＜ ０． ０１）。同时发现 Ａｎｇ Ⅱ刺激组 ＣａＮ、ＰＫＣ活性与对照 ＦＢｓ相比差异有显著性（ Ｐ＜ ０． ０５或 Ｐ＜０．０１）。 ＣｓＡ和Ｖｅｒ抑制ＡｎｇⅡ介导的 ＦＢｓ ＣａＮ活性增高,Ｖｅｒ抑制Ａｎｇ Ⅱ介导的ＦＢｓＰＫＣ活性的增高。结论 ＣａＮ信号通路在ＡｎｇⅡ刺激的ＦＢｓ增殖中起重要作用,但ＣａＮ信号通路不是ＡｎｇⅡ介导ＦＢｓ的增殖的唯一信号通路,以ＭＡＰＫ为核心的信号通路亦参与了ＡｎｇⅡ刺激的ＦＢｓ增殖。     

高糖增强兔血管平滑肌细胞对内皮素-1的增殖反应性(英文)

观察高糖对内皮素－１（ＥＴ－１）促兔主动脉血管平滑肌细胞（ＶＳＭＣ）增殖的影响．方法： ＶＳＭＣ分别培养于含正常葡萄糖、高糖或高渗（５．５，２５，葡萄糖 ５．５＋甘露醇 １９．５ ｍｍｏｌ·Ｌ－１）的培养基中［３Ｈ］胸腺嘧啶掺入法检测ＤＮＡ合成速率，蛋白质印迹法检测磷酸化 ｐ４４／４２ ＭＡＰＫ的表达．结果：在 １０至 １０－８ｍｏｌ·Ｌ－１浓度范围内， ＥＴ－１以浓度依赖方式增加 ＶＳＭＣ的［３Ｈ］胸腺嘧啶掺入及磷酸化ｐ４４／４２ ＭＡＰＫ的表达，从 １０－１１到 １０－８ｍｏｌ·Ｌ－１，培养于高糖的 ＶＳＭＣ对相同浓度 ＥＴ－１的增殖反应性高于正常糖或高渗培养条件下的ＶＳＭＣ（Ｐ＜ ０．０５，或 Ｐ＜ ０．０１），而在后两种条件下，ＶＳＭＣ对ＥＴ－１的增殖反应无显著差别．同样，在高糖条件下，ＥＴ－１诱导的ＶＳＭＣ磷酸化ｐ４４／４２ＭＡＰＫ的表达较正常糖和高渗ＶＳＭＣ增加 ６０％－６５％结论：高糖增强ＶＳＭＣ对ＥＴ－１的增殖反应性，可能与磷酸化的 ｐ４４／４２ ＭＡＰＫ高表达有关     

粉防己碱对自发性高血压大鼠血管平滑肌细胞增殖及对PDGF-B,bFGF和相关癌基因表达的影响

用［３Ｈ］胸腺嘧啶核苷（［３Ｈ］ＴｄＲ）参入法，电镜，免疫组化，原位杂交方法，在自发性高血压大鼠（ＳＨＲ）观察了粉防己碱（Ｔｅｔ，０．０３μｍｏｌ·ｋｇ－１·ｄ－１×８周ｉｇ）对血管平滑肌细胞（ＶＳＭＣ）增殖的作用及对生长因子ＰＤＧＦ－Ｂ，ｂＦＧＦ的抗原表达及其相关癌基因ｃ－ｓｉｓ，ｃ－ｍｙｃｍＲＮＡ表达的影响．结果发现：Ｔｅｔ在降低ＳＨＲ血压（Ｐ＜０．０１）同时，能减少ＶＳＭＣ的线粒体，粗面内质网和［３Ｈ］ＴｄＲ参入量（Ｐ＜０．０１），并能逆转ＶＳＭＣ增殖时ＰＤＧＦ－Ｂ，ｂＦＧＦ抗原（Ｐ＜０．０５）及ｃ－ｓｉｓ，ｃ－ｍｙｃｍＲＮＡ的表达增强．提示：Ｔｅｔ抑制ＳＨＲ的ＶＳＭＣ增殖与生长因子及癌基因调控的分子生物学机制有关     

Synthesis,Cytotoxicity and Antileishmanial Activity of Some N-(2-(indol-3-yl)ethyl)-7-chloroquinolin-4-amines

We report herein the condensation of 4,7-dichloroquinoline (1) with tryptamine (2) and D-tryptophan methyl ester (3) . Hydrolysis of the methyl ester adduct (5) yielded the free acid (6) . The compounds were evaluated in vitro for activity against four different species of Leishmania promastigote forms and for cytotoxic activity against Kb and Vero cells. Compound (5) showed good activity against the Leishmania species tested, while all three compounds displayed moderate activity in both Kb and Vero cells.     

Efficacy of gut lavage,hemodialysis, and hemoperfusion in the therapy of paraquat or diquat intoxication

Clinical and in vitro investigations were carried out to test the efficacy of gut lavage, hemodialysis, and hemoperfusion in the treatment of poisoning with paraquat or diquat. In a patient suffering from diquat intoxication 130 times more diquat was removed by gut lavage 30 h after ingestion than was removed by complete aspiration of the gastric contents.Determination of in vitro clearances for paraquat and diquat by hemodialysis showed that, at serum concentrations of 1–2 ppm, such as are frequently encountered in poisoning in man, toxicologically relevant quantities of herbicide cannot be removed from the body. At a concentration of 20 ppm, on the other hand, hemodialysis proved to be effective, the clearance being 70 ml/min at a blood flow rate of 100 ml/min. The efficacy of hemoperfusion with coated activated charcoal was on the whole better. Especially at concentrations around 1–2 ppm, the clearance values for hemoperfusion were some 5–7 times higher than those for hemodialysis.In a patient suffering from paraquat poisoning, both hemodialysis as well as hemoperfusion were carried out. The in vitro results could be confirmed: At serum concentrations of paraquat less than 1 ppm no clearance could be obtained by hemodialysis while by hemoperfusion with activated charcoal quite high clearance values were measured and the serum level dropped down to zero.

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Zusammenfassung Klinische Untersuchungen und Laboratoriumsversuche wurden durchgeführt, um die Wirksamkeit von Darmspülung, Hämodialyse und Hämoperfusion bei Paraquat- und Deiquat-Vergiftungen zu prüfen.Bei einem Patienten wurde 30 Std nach Deiquat-Aufnahme durch Darmspülung 130mal mehr Deiquat entfernt als durch vollständige Aspiration des Mageninhaltes. In vitro-Versuche ergaben, daß bei Blutserumkonzentrationen von 1–2 ppm, die bei Vergiftungen oft gemessen werden, durch Hämodialyse keine toxikologisch relevanten Paraquat- oder Deiquat-Mengen entfernt werden können. Dagegen erwies sich die Hämodialyse bei 20 ppm und einer Blutumlaufgeschwindigkeit von 100 ml/min mit einer Clearance von 70 ml/min als wirksam. Die Hämoperfusion mit beschicheter Aktivkohle war in diesen Versuchen aber eindeutig überlegen, denn insbesondere bei Konzentrationen um 1–2 ppm waren die Clearance-Werte 5–7mal höher als bei der Hämodialyse.Die in vitro-Ergebnisse wurden bei einem Patienten mit einer Paraquat-Vergiftung bestätigt: Bei Konzentrationen unter 1 ppm war die Hämodialyse wirkungslos, während durch Hämoperfusion relativ hohe Clearance-Werte erreicht wurden, so daß der Serumspiegel rasch unter die Nachweisgrenze abfiel.

     

In vitro studies on sterically stabilized liposomes (SL) as enzyme carriers in organophosphorus (OP) antagonism

This study describes a new approach for organophosphorous (OP) antidotal treatment by encapsulating an OP hydrolyzing enzyme, OPA anhydrolase (OPAA), within sterically stabilized liposomes. The recombinant OPAA enzyme was derived from Alteromonas strain JD6. It has broad substrate specificity to a wide range of OP compounds: DFP and the nerve agents, soman and sarin. Liposomes encapsulating OPAA (SL)* were made by mechanical dispersion method. Hydrolysis of DFP by (SL)* was measured by following an increase of fluoride ion concentration using a fluoride ion selective electrode. OPAA entrapped in the carrier liposomes rapidly hydrolyze DFP, with the rate of DFP hydrolysis directly proportional to the amount of (SL)* added to the solution. Liposomal carriers containing no enzyme did not hydrolyze DFP. The reaction was linear and the rate of hydrolysis was first order in the substrate. This enzyme carrier system serves as a biodegradable protective environment for the recombinant OP-metabolizing enzyme, OPAA, resulting in prolongation of enzymatic concentration in the body. These studies suggest that the protection of OP intoxication can be strikingly enhanced by adding OPAA encapsulated within (SL)* to pralidoxime and atropine.     

Lung disease and PKCs

The lung offers a rich opportunity for development of therapeutic strategies focused on isozymes of protein kinase C (PKCs). PKCs are important in many cellular responses in the lung, and existing therapies for pulmonary disorders are inadequate. The lung poses unique challenges as it interfaces with air and blood, contains a pulmonary and systemic circulation, and consists of many cell types. Key structures are bronchial and pulmonary vessels, branching airways, and distal air sacs defined by alveolar walls containing capillaries and interstitial space. The cellular composition of each vessel, airway, and alveolar wall is heterogeneous. Injurious environmental stimuli signal through PKCs and cause a variety of disorders. Edema formation and pulmonary hypertension (PHTN) result from derangements in endothelial, smooth muscle (SM), and/or adventitial fibroblast cell phenotype. Asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and lung cancer are characterized by distinctive pathological changes in airway epithelial, SM, and mucous-generating cells. Acute and chronic pneumonitis and fibrosis occur in the alveolar space and interstitium with type 2 pneumocytes and interstitial fibroblasts/myofibroblasts playing a prominent role. At each site, inflammatory, immune, and vascular progenitor cells contribute to the injury and repair process. Many strategies have been used to investigate PKCs in lung injury. Isolated organ preparations and whole animal studies are powerful approaches especially when genetically engineered mice are used. More analysis of PKC isozymes in normal and diseased human lung tissue and cells is needed to complement this work. Since opposing or counter-regulatory effects of selected PKCs in the same cell or tissue have been found, it may be desirable to target more than one PKC isozyme and potentially in different directions. Because multiple signaling pathways contribute to the key cellular responses important in lung biology, therapeutic strategies targeting PKCs may be more effective if combined with inhibitors of other pathways for additive or synergistic effect. Mechanisms that regulate PKC activity, including phosphorylation and interaction with isozyme-specific binding proteins, are also potential therapeutic targets. Key isotypes of PKC involved in lung pathophysiology are summarized and current and evolving therapeutic approaches to target them are identified.     

Steroidal sapogenin contents in some domestic plants

In order to find out the values of the steroid resources for the future use. the compositions and contents of steroidal sapogenins from 13 domestic plants have been investigated. As a result,Dioscorea nipponica, D. quinqueloba andSmilax china were found to have large amount of diosgenin. And pennogenin inTrillium kamtschaticum andParis verticillata, yuccagenin inAllium fistulosum, hecogenin inAgave americana and neochlorogenin inSolanum nigum were appeared to be major steroidal sapogenins.