西安市5230名中专生近视情况的调查分析

目的 了解中专在校学生近视情况及相关因素,分析近视进展的原因。方法 以调查表的形式,普查了本市20所中专在校学生。结果 5230名学生中3年来视力出现下降者1267名,占24％,其中近视度增加-0.5D以上学生人数占视力下降人数的 67％,相关因素中,每日学习时间达 8小时以上的占 78.9％;经常持续学习超过 2小时的占 63％;经常在宿舍躺下看书的占23％;看远近均戴镜的67％;经常做眼保健操的占23.5％。结论 长时间的近距离用眼学习,不注意用眼卫生等是近视进展的主要原因。     

西安市5320名中专生近视情况的调查分析

目的 了解中专在校学生近视情况及相关因素，分析近视进展的原因。方法 以调查表的形式，普查了本市20所中专在校学生。结果 5230名学生中3年来视力出现下降1267名，占24％，其中近视度增加-0.5D以上学生人数占视力下降人数的67％，相关因素中，每日学习时间达8小时以上的占78.9%；经常持续学习超过2小时的占63％；经常在宿舒躺下 看书的占23％；看远近均戴镜的67％；经常做眼保健操的占23.5％。结论 长时间的近距离用眼学习，不注意用眼卫生等是近视进展的主要原因。     

广东省汕尾市城乡及渔村小学生近视调查

目的调查广东省汕尾市城市、农村与渔村小学生近视的发生、发展状况及影响近视的相关因素。方法对1783名小学生进行视力及屈光状态的调查；调查项目包括学生近视的检出率及近视程度；学生父母的屈光状态、学生的学习情况及近距离用眼活动情况等。结果小学生近视的平均检出率为20．53％；其中城市、农村及渔村小学生分别为33．33％、11．48％和9．47％，城市小学生学习及平均课外近距离用眼时间为2．6h，农村小学生为2．1h，渔村小学生为2．0h；近视的发生随学龄的上升而增加，近视的屈光度随年龄的增长而增加。结论学习行为和长时间近距离用眼是近视发生的重要因素。     

学生近视的调查和比较研究

目的：调查中小学生的近视发生和发展现状,分析和比较学生近视发生和发展趋势及其影响因素,方法：调查了2755城乡学生的近视和近视状况,调查项目包括学生的近视检出率和近视程度、学生的学习情况、学生父母屈光状况,并对其他相关资料进行比较分析,结果：学生近视检出率存在明显差异;平均高达53.8％,是15年前同类调查的两倍,学习行为影响近视的发生和进展;父母一方或双方近视对学生近视发生具有敏感性和特异性意义,结论：社会文明进步对视觉的需求是学生近视发生和发展的重要因素。     

广东省汕尾市2所重点中小学生近视的调查

目的 调查广东汕尾市中小学生近视发生、发展趋势及其影响因素。方法 对1502名中小学生进行视力及屈光状态的调查；调查项目包括学生近视的检出率及近视程度；学生父母的屈光状态、学生的学习情况等。结果学生近视的平均检出率为54．79％，小学生为33．33％，中学生为78．16％；近视的发生随学龄的上升而增加，近视的屈光度随年龄的增长而增加。结论学习行为和长时间的阅读是近视发生的重要因素。     

郑州市金水区小学生视力状况调查

目的　调查郑州市金水区７～１２岁小学生视力状况及屈光不正的患病情况,为小学生视力保健工作提供科学依据。方法　横断面调查研究,分层整群抽样方法,以学校为单位,随机抽取郑州市金水区３所小学,对抽样学校内的１～６年级在校学生进行普查,共调查７８４５名学生。眼部检查包括裸眼视力、矫正视力、眼前节、眼底、眼压及眼位检查,并对任意一眼或双眼裸眼视力＜１．０且眼压正常的儿童进行睫状肌麻痹验光。结果　实际受检学生７６８１名,应答率为９７．９１％。裸眼视力在７～８岁呈现逐年增加趋势,两两比较差异有显著统计学意义（Ｐ＜０．０１）;９～１２岁时裸眼视力视力呈现逐年下降趋势,两两比较差异有显著统计学意义（Ｐ＜０．０１）。任一眼裸眼视力≤０．５者占总人数３７．３９％,并且随着年龄增长,视力低下人群所占比例逐渐加大（７岁１５．２５％、８岁１８．３５％、９岁３１．６７％、１０岁４２．９６％、１１岁５１．７３％、１２岁６０．０３％）。接受睫状肌麻痹后验光的小学生中,近视的总患病率为３８．５８％,远视的总患病率为４．８４％。Ｌｏｇｉｓｔｉｃ回归分析显示,近视眼的等效球镜度与年龄呈显著正相关（ｒ＝１．７６９,Ｐ＜０．０１）;远视眼的等效球镜度与年龄呈显著负相关（ｒ＝－０．９２３,Ｐ＜０．０１）。受检的视力损伤者中屈光不正占８６．４０％,弱视占１２．４０％,沙眼导致的角膜混浊占０．０３％,其他原因导致的角膜混浊占０．３１％,白内障占０．４４％,视网膜疾病占０．１９％,其他致病原因占０．２５％。结论　郑州市金水区７～１２岁小学生视力损害的主要原因是近视,９岁是正视向近视转变的高敏年龄。     

成都和绵阳地区青少年近视患病率及影响因素分析

目的：调查四川省成都市和绵阳市6～18岁青少年近视情况及相关影响因素。

方法：于2017-10/2018-05采用横断面分层整群随机抽样抽取成都市和绵阳市6～18岁在校学生4 071名,进行眼部检查和相关问卷调查。

结果：本研究实际受检学生3 857名(94.74%),平均年龄11.86±3.43岁,近视和高度近视患病率分别为61.21%和3.89%; 6岁和18岁受检者中近视发病率分别为12.05%和86.15%。裸眼视力和日常生活视力较好眼视力≤4.7者分别占42.88%和12.37%; 戴镜率为48.07%。多因素Logistic回归分析结果表明,户外活动是近视的保护因素,而年龄、父母近视、近距离用眼、使用电子设备是近视的危险因素。

结论：成都和绵阳地区青少年视力低下主要原因是近视,且随着年龄的增加,近视患病率呈逐渐增高趋势,其与年龄、父母近视、近距离用眼、使用电子设备、户外活动相关。     

台北地区青少年屈光不正验配资料分析

目的：探讨台北地区7～25岁青少年屈光不正，特别是近视的发生发展状况。方法：对台北地区12个验光配镜部一年内的7～25岁的青少年屈光不正患者共5002名进行统计和分析。结果：屈光不正以近视为主，从近视发生的年龄看，分性多出现在15～18岁，女性出现在13～17岁；以近视－1．50～－4．50D范围所占比例最高；球镜与柱镜比约6：4。低年龄儿童屈光不正主要有远视、复性远视散光、单纯性散光、混合性散光，所占比例为：7岁：男学童占43％、女学童占51％：8岁：男学童占23％、女学童22％。结论：在7～8岁学生中发现屈光不正而配镜多属于先天因素，如远视、散光、斜视等，青少年屈光不正以近视占最大比例，其发生和发展与升学压力有关。     

农村小学生性别与近视患病率的调查分析

目的:调查并分析1～5年级学生的近视患病率以及各年级男女学生之间的近视患病情况。方法:共调查天祝和永登两县1～5年级学生45414名,调查项目包括性别、年级和学生左右视力。结果:总的趋势是年级越高,学生的视力越低,3～5年级学生中,女生的近视患病率要明显高于男生,两者之间有显著性差异(P<0.05),而1～2年级学生中近视患病率没有性别差异。结论:长时间学习是学生近视的最主要发病因素,女生的视力更容易受其影响。     

温州市区视力不良小学生屈光状态及相关因素

目的：研究视力不良小学生屈光状态及近视眼发病的相关因素,方法：随机抽取温州市视力不良的小学生4696名（有效眼9392眼）进行扩瞳视网膜检影验光,填写调查表,调查各年级小学生屈光状态及其相关因素。结果：本组小学生视力不良以屈光不正为主,占79．7％,其中近视性屈光不正最多,占48．9％,其次是散光25.6％。随学习阶段上升,近视患病率逐渐增高,屈光参差患病率23．7％,弱视患病率以远视性屈光参差最高,达97．9％。近视眼发病与遗传因素（20．19％）及环境、体质因素有关。结论：在小学生中普查视力和屈光状态,以早期发现屈光不正和弱视,进行及时防治,对控制小学生视力不良有重要意义。     

中山市2006～2007年中小学生近视调查分析

目的 探讨中山市中小学近视情况及相关因素.方法 采用随机整群抽样调查方法.在2006年至2007年期间,对中山市中小学通过随机抽样在市区和镇区6所学校(包括市区3所镇区3所)进行调查,采用问卷调查和散瞳验光检查其屈光度.各年级间及镇区与市区之间学生近视发病率采用卡方检验,近视率与用眼时间用相关系数分析.结果 此次调查对象共9379人,近视5443人,近视率58.03%,近视率从小学一年级8.04%上升到高三86.68%,市区和镇区小学近视率差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05),初中阶段市区近视率明显高于镇区(P＜0.01),高中阶段高三毕业班近视率明显高于高一高二非毕业班(P＜0.05镇区P＜0.001市区).此次调查中眼保健操对预防近视加深无明显作用(P0.05),每天看书总时间、一次持续看书时间、看课外书时间与近视发生呈正相关,相关系数分别为0.995、0.992、0.999.结论 中山市中小学生近视率较高,近视率与用眼时间密切相关.如何适当减轻学生的学习负担是预防近视的关键.     

西安市2003年中学生动态眼屈光状况调查

目的:对中学生眼健康状况中的动态屈光基本情况进行调查,为青少年眼保健提供研究资料。方法:采用横断面调查设计,对中学生3711人次7422眼动态眼屈光状态等指标进行采集,用SPSS11.0软件进行统计分析。结果:1)中学生(年龄13～18岁)在正常动态情况下,近视眼的检出率为91.2%,其中低度近视为51.7%,中度近视31.8%,高度近视7.7%,正视眼仅占5.7%,远视眼占3.1%;2)中学生平均屈光度为(-2.76±2.24)D,其中低度近视平均(-1.68±0.76)D,中度近视平均(-4.35±0.84)D,高度近视平均(-7.47±1.33)D。6个年级平均屈光度为:初1(-1.57±1.66)D,初2(-1.94±2.04)D,初3(-3.26±2.09)D,高1(-3.29±2.49)D,高2(-3.09±2.31)D,高3(-3.57±2.25)D。6个年级间的屈光度比较有显著性差异(P=0.000),初三与高一、高二间无显著性差异;3)女生组平均屈光度大于男生组;综合中学生全体,女生为(-2.88±2.25)D,男生为(-2.65±2.23)D,统计学提示性别的显著性差异(P=0.000),说明中学阶段女生的近视进展趋势均早于男生;4)眼别中右眼组平均屈光度[(-2.86±2.19)D]大于左眼组[(-2.67±2.29)D](P=0.000),男女生右眼组平均屈光度大于其相应左眼组(P男=0.045,P女=0.002),低度近视组右眼平均屈光度大于左眼(P=0.015),提示中学阶段右眼在近视化进展期早于左眼。结论:6个年级相比,中、高度近视组在初3年级明显升高,正视、远视组在6年间递减,提示近视眼的检出率在初三年级及其以后发生了明显增加。整个中学阶段,学生的屈光度在初中,尤其是初三年级有明显的近视化,高一、高二稳定,在高三年级有继续向近视发展的趋势。女生在近视进展期早于男生,右眼早于左眼。应针对中学各年级学生这一人群的近视化发展趋势,采取积极措施,对其近视化过程进行医学干预。     

中学生近视周边部眼底退行性病变的流行病学特征

目的 了解中学生近视眼合并周边部眼底退行性病变的患病特点及其影响因素.方法 采取群体抽样的原则对豫东平原地区的五县市五所重点中学在校学生进行眼底流行病学调查,对其双眼屈光状况,视力及矫正视力,以及眼底病变等进行统计分析.结果 (1)共检出近视眼者3465人(72.6%),其中合并有各种周边部眼底退行性病变者488人,患病率为14.08%.(2)近视者中4.01%患有视网膜格子样变性,6.03%患霜样变性,3.2%患囊样变性,0.63%有裂孔.(3)低度近视者周边部眼底病变患病率为8.97%,中度近视者为20.09%,高度近视者为28.0%(x2=128,P<0.001).(4)自述有症状合并有周边部眼底退行性病变者的患病率为19.07%;无自觉症状者则为10.68%,(x2=47,P<0.001).(5)学生为城镇居民者合并患有周边部眼底退行性病变者的患病率为15.44%;为乡村居民者则为13.06%,(x2=2.3,P>0.05).结论 在校高中学生近视眼的发生率为72.6%.近视眼合并有周边部眼底退行性病变的患病率为14.08%,其患病率与近视程度和有无自觉症状相关.     

Determinants of the progress of myopia among Omani school children: a historical cohort study

PURPOSE: This study was conducted in 2002-2003 at selected schools of eight health regions of Oman. The authors present risk factors and predictors of progression of myopia between the 7th and 10th grades. METHODS: This was a historical cohort study. A total of 1304 students in 10th grade, both with and without progression of myopia, were examined by the refractionists. Vision, refraction, and physical measurements of each student were recorded. The health records of all students were reviewed to note the same parameters measured when they were in 7th grade. The odds of progression in height, progression in weight, protein energy malnutrition status, sex, age, history of refractive error in parents and sibling, evidence of trachoma, and allergic conjunctivitis were calculated to associate them to the progression of myopia. RESULTS: Mean progression of myopia was 0.37 D per year (SD = 0.27D). The mean progression of myopia among students with history of myopia in 7th grade was 0.21 D more than that of students not having myopia in 7th grade (95% CI 0.12-0.29). Multivariate regression analysis suggested that weight of student in the 7th grade (t=-2.2, p=0.031), positive history of myopia in one of the siblings (t=2.44, p=0.015), and myopia in the 7th grade (t=4.56, p<0.001) were associated with the progression of myopia. CONCLUSIONS: Family history of myopia and myopia at younger age were predictors for progressive myopia in teenaged Omani children. However, the role of body mass index at a younger age to predict progressive myopia was not conclusive.     

山西省交城县学龄儿童近视流行现状及特征研究

目的：:了解山西省交城县学龄儿童近视状况,分析其流行特征,探讨其可能的影响因素,为构建当地的近视综合防控体系提供科学依据。方法：:横断面调查研究。于2019年3月采取整群随机抽样方法,随机抽取交城县3所小学、3所中学在校学生（每个年级随机抽取2个班级）进行视力和屈光度检查。通过卡方趋势检验,比较不同年龄段学龄儿童近视发...     

西安市同区域不同学段学生近视率差异及原因分析

目的：对西安市同一行政区域不同学段学生进行视力筛查,了解该区域不同学段学生近视率的差异,并进行原因分析。

方法：采用随机抽样法,选取小学21所、初中和普通高中各3所及职业高中1所共28所学校13 707人进行裸眼远视力和电脑屈光检测。

结果：西安市同区域小学、初中、高中和职业高中近视检出率分别为32.27%、72.07%、81.22%、65.12%; 总近视率为47.81%; 各年级女生近视率均高于男生; 小学和初中近视率随年级升高而升高; 随着学段的升高,高度近视占比由小学的2.40%升高至高中的16.51%。

结论：西安市同区域不同学段学生近视率具有差异性,随着学段的上升,近视率呈一定升高趋势; 女生近视率高于男生; 与2018年全国不同学段儿童青少年近视调查结果对比,2021年西安市同区域小学阶段近视率下降显著,初中及高中阶段近视率虽没有上升,但降幅不明显。     

Tendency for Evolution of High Myopia in 308 Chinese School Children from Xi’an City

 Purpose: To observe the refractive status, and especially the tendency for evolution of high myopia, in eyes of Chinese school children from Xi’an city. Methods: The study was conducted in 11514 eyes of the 5757 students whose ages were between 7~18 years in Xi’an city primary and high schools. The inclusion criterion was >-6D of the spherical equivalent refraction. The object ophthalmic examinations were done, included non-cycloplegic objective refraction, visual acuity, intraocular pressure, fundus evaluation by ophthalmologists and nurses with professional training. Specially designed questionnaires were filled in and the data were statistically analyzed with SPSS10.0. Results: 1. Of 11514 eyes, the detected rate was 81.4% (9376 eyes) for myopia and 5.3% (615 eyes) for high myopia. High myopia was found in 2.6% (300 eyes) of right eyes, 2.7% (315 eyes) in left eyes, and 2.4% (275 eyes) were in boys and 2.9% (340 eyes) in girls. Among 12 school grades, the detected rates of high myopia increased significantly with student age, with 0.9% in the 1st grade of primary school and 12.5% in the 3rd year of senior middle school. 2. The average refractive error of spherical equivalent refraction was (-7.43±1.29) D with 95% confidence interval (-7.54, -7.33). No significant differences were found between the right and left eyes or both genders. 3. The distribution of myopic severity was lowest (-6D) in primary school students younger than 12 years, was higher (-8D) in junior middle school students older than 13 years, and highest (-13D) in senior middle school students. Conclusion: A continuous growth was evident in the severity of high myopia throughout 12 years of primary and middle school except for the first year of primary school, with growth occurring in two transitional stages between the senior primary and junior middle school years, and between the junior and senior middle school years. The distribution of high myopia was lowest, at -6D, in primary school, increased to -8D in junior middle school, and progressed to -10D in senior middle school, indicating a high risk of development of pathologic myopia during the students’ later lifespan. The adolescent period of 13 to 18 years of age in middle school is a critical period for the development of pathological myopia over -8D.     

Nearwork in early-onset myopia

PURPOSE: To determine the relationship of nearwork and myopia in young elementary school-age children in Singapore. METHODS: A cross-sectional study of 1005 school children aged 7 to 9 years was conducted in two schools in Singapore. Cycloplegic autorefraction, keratometry, and biometry measurements were performed. In addition, the parents completed a detailed questionnaire on nearwork activity (books read per week, reading in hours per day and diopter hours [addition of three times reading, two times computer use, and two times video games use in hours per day]). Other risk factors, such as parental myopia, socioeconomic status, and light exposure history, were assessed. RESULTS: In addition to socioeconomic factors, several nearwork indices were associated with myopia in these young children. The multivariate adjusted odds ratio of higher myopia (at least -3.0 D) for children who read more than two books per week was 3.05 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.80-5.18). However, the odds ratios of higher myopia for children who read more than 2 hours per day or with more than 8 diopter hours (1.50; 95% CI, 0.87-2.55 and 1.04; 95% CI, 0.61-1.78, respectively) were not significant, after controlling for several factors. CONCLUSIONS: Children aged 7 to 9 years with a greater current reading exposure were more likely to be myopic. This association of reading and myopia in a young age cohort was greater than the strength of the reading association generally found in older myopic subjects. Whether these results identify an association of early-onset myopia with nearwork activity or other potentially confounding factors is discussed.