川芎嗪对家兔心肌缺血再灌注损伤的保护作用

实验观察了川芎嗪对家兔心肌缺血再灌注损伤时心脏血流动力学、血清中和心肌组织中氧自由基和脂质过氧化物的影响。川芎嗪保护组与非保护组比较显示，①左室内压峰值（ＬＶＳＰ）明显升高（Ｐ＜０．０５）、左室内压上升最大速率（ＬＶ＋ｄｐ／ｄｔｍａｘ）和左室内压下降最大速率（ＬＶ－ｄｐ／ｄｔｍａｘ）均升高非常显著（Ｐ＜０．０１）；②血清中丙二醛（ＭＤＡ）明显降低（Ｐ＜０．０５），而谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶／脂质过氧化物（ＧＳＨ－ＰＸ／ＬＰＯ）升高非常明显（Ｐ＜０．０１）；③缺血再灌注损伤区心肌组织中ＭＤＡ显著降低，并伴随超氧化物歧化酶（ＳＯＤ）和ＧＳＨ－ＰＸ／ＬＰＯ显著升高（均Ｐ＜０．０５）。表明川芎嗪可通过提高对氧自由基的清除及拮抗脂质过氧化反应而保护缺血再灌注损伤的心肌。     

碱性成纤维细胞生长因子对异丙肾上腺素引起的大鼠心肌坏死的拮抗作用

目的和方法：观察了碱性成纤维细胞生长因子（ｂＦＧＦ）对异丙肾上腺素（ｉｓｏｐｒｏｔｅｒｅｎｏｌ,ＩＳＯ）引起的大鼠心肌坏死的拮抗作用及其机制。结果：ｂＦＧＦ明显减轻了ＩＳＯ引起的大鼠心肌坏死的程度,血浆ＬＤＨ、ＭＤＡ及心肌ＭＤＡ水平比单纯ＩＳＯ组动物分别降低２４８％、３２８％及２００％（Ｐ＜００１）;心肌胶原及心肌细胞线粒体钙含量分别降低１８２％及２０８％（Ｐ＜００５）;心肌ＡＴＰ含量增加３６７％（Ｐ＜００１）。结论：ｂＦＧＦ对ＩＳＯ引起的大鼠心肌坏死具有明显的保护作用,其机制与抗脂质过氧化及心肌细胞内钙超载有关。     

全血贮存期间氧化损伤及抗氧化系统的变化

目的：探讨４℃条件下保存对血液氧化与抗氧化反应的影响。方法：采用化学比色法检测血浆丙二醛（ＭＤＡ）含量,血浆总氧抗氧化活性（ＡＯＡ）和红细胞超氧化物歧化酶（ＳＯＤ）活力。结果：血液在４℃保存时,随贮存时间的延长,血浆ＭＤＡ含量逐渐增加（Ｐ＜００５,Ｐ＜００１）,血浆总抗化活性和红细胞ＳＯＤ活力逐渐降低,（Ｐ＜００５,Ｐ＜００１）。２１ｄ后红细胞膜的流动性明显降低（Ｐ＜００５,Ｐ＜００１）。结论：全血贮存过程中的氧化损伤,除与自由基在膜上发生过氧化反应作用外,还与抗氧化系统障碍有关。     

牛磺酸对缺血大鼠心肌线粒体Ca2+-Mg2+-ATP酶活性与MDA含量影响

目的和方法：用Ｗｉｓｔａｒ大鼠皮下注射异丙肾上腺素（ＩＳＰ,５ｍｇ／ｋｇ）诱导心肌缺血模型。观测心肌线粒体（Ｍｉｔ）中丙二醛（ＭＤＡ）含量、Ｃａ２＋－Ｍｇ２＋－ＡＴＰ酶和Ｃａ２＋－ＡＴＰ酶活性及牛磺酸（Ｔａｕ）的影响。结果：缺血组大鼠心肌Ｍｉｔ中ＭＤＡ升高８７８３％、Ｃａ２＋－Ｍｇ２＋－ＡＴＰ酶和Ｃａ２＋－ＡＴＰ酶活性分别降低３７５６％和５０２０％（Ｐ＜０．０１）。Ｃａ２＋－Ｍｇ２＋－ＡＴＰ酶活性与ＭＤＡ含量也呈显著负相关（ｒ＝－０．８７,Ｐ＜０．０１）。Ｃａ２＋－ＡＴＰ酶活性与ＭＤＡ含量也呈显著负相关（ｒ＝－０７９,Ｐ＜０．０１）。在注射异丙肾上腺素（ＩＳＰ）前３０ｍｉｎ腹腔注射Ｔａｕ（２００ｍｇ／ｋｇ）则Ｍｉｔ中ＭＤＡ含量、Ｃａ２＋－Ｍｇ２＋－ＡＴＰ酶和Ｃａ２＋－ＡＴＰ酶活性均未见显著异常改变。结论：Ｔａｕ可能通过抑制ＭＤＡ的生成实现其保护Ｃａ２＋－ＡＴＰ酶和Ｃａ２＋－Ｍｇ２＋－ＡＴＰ酶活性的作用。     

绞股蓝总皂甙抗大鼠海马结构缺血再灌注损伤的实验研究

探讨大鼠海马结构缺轿再灌注损伤机理及绞股蓝总皂甙抗缺血再灌注损伤的作用，结果：ＩＲ组海马组织中ＭＤＡ含量高于组（Ｐ〈０．０１），而ＳＯＤ含量低于ＳＯＣ组（Ｐ〈０．０１），差异非常显著：ＩＲ＋ＧＰ组海马组织中ＭＤＡ含量明显低于ＩＲ组（Ｐ〈０．０１），而ＳＯＣ含量明显高于ＩＲ组（Ｐ〈０．０１），ＩＲ组海马组织Ｎａ＾＋－Ｋ＾＋－ＡＴＰａｓｅ，Ｃａ＾２＋－ＡＴＰａｓｅ的活性明显低于ＳＯＣ组（Ｐ〈０．０１）     

缺氧时肺动脉内皮细胞与肺动脉平滑肌细胞相互作用对细胞内环核苷酸的影响

目的：观察了培养的小牛肺动脉内皮细胞（ＰＡＥＣ）和肺动脉平滑肌细胞（ＰＡＳＭ）于缺氧时对细胞内环核苷酸的影响。结果：ＰＡＥＣ和ＰＡＳＭ共培养２４ｈ，ＰＡＥＣ细胞内ｃＡＭＰ含量显著降低（Ｐ＜００１），而ＰＡＳＭ细胞内ｃＡＭＰ含量显著增加（Ｐ＜００１），二种细胞内ｃＧＭＰ含量均显著降低（Ｐ＜００１）。缺氧对二种细胞内ｃＡＭＰ含量无显著影响，但能增加ＰＡＳＭ的ｃＧＭＰ含量（Ｐ＜００１），降低ＰＡＥＣ的ｃＧＭＰ含量（Ｐ＜００１）。ＮＯ合酶抑制剂硝基精氨酸对二种细胞的ｃＡＭＰ含量均无显著影响，但能使常氧培养的ＰＡＥＣ和缺氧培养的ＰＡＳＭ细胞内的ｃＧＭＰ含量显著降低（Ｐ＜００１）。结论：ＰＡＥＣ和ＰＡＳＭ的相互作用可引起第二信使系统传递的变化；缺氧可抑制ＰＡＥＣ的ＮＯ合酶活性而诱导ＰＡＳＭ的ＮＯ合酶活性     

大鼠脑缺血及再灌流对脑组织血流量、ATP和乳酸水平含量的影响

目的和方法：本研究采用大鼠可逆性阻塞大脑中动脉所致的局灶性脑缺血再灌流模型，观察缺血３ｈ再灌流３ｈ、缺血６ｈ再灌流３ｈ对脑组织脑局部血流量（ｒｅｇｉｏｎａｌｃｅｒｅｂｒａｌｂｌｏｏｄｆｌｏｗ，ｒＣＢＦ）、ＡＴＰ、乳酸及脑水含量的影响。结果：缺血３ｈｒＣＢＦ明显下降（Ｐ＜００１），再灌流３ｈ升至缺血前６５３％（Ｐ＜００１）。缺血３ｈ再灌流３ｈ与缺血６ｈ组比较，ＡＴＰ明显恢复（Ｐ＜００１），乳酸含量明显下降（Ｐ＜００１），脑水含量明显减少（Ｐ＜００５）。缺血６ｈ再灌流３ｈ与缺血９ｈ组比较，尽管ＡＴＰ明显恢复（Ｐ＜００１），乳酸含量下降（Ｐ＜００１），但脑水含量无显著差异（Ｐ＞０１）。结论：缺血３ｈ再灌流３ｈ保护“半暗带”的效果优于缺血６ｈ再灌流３ｈ。     

磁场对AMI大鼠血SOD活性及心肌ATP含量变化的影响

本实验将大鼠随机分为五组：空白对照组、磁作用对照组、ＡＭＩ组、ＡＭＩ药物（心得安）治疗组、ＡＭＩ磁场治疗组。分别采用四氮唑蓝法和生物发光法测定各组大鼠血红细胞ＳＯＤ活性及心肌ＡＴＰ含量。结果表明：ＡＭＩ磁场治疗组血红细胞ＳＯＤ活性及心肌ＡＴＰ含量均明显高于ＡＭＩ组（Ｐ＜０．０１），磁作用对照组高于空白对照组（Ｐ＜０．０５）。初步证实，磁场对ＡＭＩ大鼠和健康大鼠心肌具有一定的保护作用，此种作用对ＡＭＩ大鼠更为明显。     

冠心病不同程度冠脉狭窄时红细胞变形性和心功能变化及其意义

对冠心病（ＣＨＤ）按冠脉主要分支狭窄程度不同分组，测定红细胞变形指数（ＤＩ）和心功能参数（ＥＦ、ＦＳ）。结果表明，ＣＨＤ二亚组ＤＩ、ＥＦ、ＦＳ显著低于对照组（Ｐ＜００１或００５），ＣＨＤ冠脉明显狭窄组ＤＩ及ＥＦ、ＦＳ显著低于轻度狭窄组（Ｐ＜００５）。提示ＤＩ、ＥＦ、ＦＳ可能对于区别ＣＨＤ有或无意义冠脉狭窄具有一定预示价值。     

PACAP对vSMC表达增生细胞核抗原影响的定量分析

目的：从定量角度分析垂体腺苷酸环化酶激活肽（ＰＡＣＡＰ）对血管平滑肌细胞（ｖＳＭＣ）增殖的影响。方法：以培养的猪肺动脉ＳＭＣ为实验对象，免疫组织化学ＬＳＡＢ法检测ＳＭＣ中增生细胞核杭原（ＰＣＮＡ），Ｔｉｇｅｒ９２０Ｇ细胞图象分析仪上测量计算各组细胞中ＰＣＮＡ阳性细胞的百分率；并检测阳性细胞的平均光密度（ＡＯＤ）和积分光密度（ＩＯＤ），计算阳性水平指数（ＰＬＩ）。结果：ＰＡＣＡＰ组ＳＭＣ的ＰＣＮＡ阳性率显著低于对照组细胞（Ｐ＜０．０１）；ＡＯＤ、ＩＯＤ及ＰＬＩ值也显著低于对照组（Ｐ＜００１）。结论：ＰＡＣＡＰ能抑制培养的ｖＳＭＣ增殖，可能具有抗动脉粥样硬化作用     

Association between functional alterations of senescence and senility and disorders of gait and balance

OBJECTIVES:

Declines in cognition and mobility are frequently observed in the elderly, and it has been suggested that the appearance of gait disorders in older individuals may constitute a marker of cognitive decline that precedes significant findings in functional performance screening tests. This study sought to evaluate the relationship between functional capacities and gait and balance in an elderly community monitored by the Preventive and Integrated Care Unit of the Hospital Adventista Silvestre in Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.

METHODS:

Elderly individuals (193 females and 90 males) were submitted to a broad geriatric evaluation, which included the following tests: 1) a performance-oriented mobility assessment (POMA) to evaluate gait; 2) a mini-mental state examination (MMSE); 3) the use of Katz and Lawton scales to assess functional capacity; 4) the application of the geriatric depression scale (GDS); and 5) a mini-nutritional assessment (MNA) scale.

RESULTS:

Reductions in MMSE, Katz and Lawton scores were associated with reductions in POMA scores, and we also observed that significant reductions in POMA scores were present in persons for whom the MMSE and Katz scores did not clearly indicate cognitive dysfunction. We also demonstrated that a decline in the scores obtained with the GDS and MNA scales was associated with a decline in the POMA scores.

CONCLUSIONS:

Considering that significant alterations in the POMA scores were observed prior to the identification of significant alterations in cognitive capacity using either the MMSE or the Katz systems, a prospective study seems warranted to assess the predictive capacity of POMA scores regarding the associated decline in functional capacity.     

纳米水平分子成像与诊疗一体化研究进展与挑战

分子成像能以非侵入性的方式重现活体细胞的生理功能和生物学过程,提高疾病的早期和特异性诊断水平。纳米颗粒/材料具有物理性质可控性高、易于表面修饰、血液循环时间长和可功能化等优点,在疾病诊断与治疗中显示出巨大潜力。但如何阐明纳米材料多功能间的内在联系、解决其代谢及安全性等关键机制难题、实现纳米颗粒/材料多功能性到临床多功能...     

男性乳腺发育症临床病理分析及雌,孕激素受体检测

对１１３例男性乳腺发育症进行临床病理分析。同时检测其中３０例乳腺组织中雌激素受体和孕激素受体分布情况，结果发现两者阳性率分别为８０．０％和８３．３３％。结合文献讨论了男性乳腺发育症的发生与高血清激素浓度及乳腺组织高受体水平的关系。     

壬基酚与卵清蛋白的结合与鉴定

目的：合成壬基酚与卵清蛋白的偶联物。方法：在磷酸盐（PBS，pH=8．0）缓冲液中利用甲醛通过曼尼希反应连接壬基酚与卵清蛋白（OVA）；通过抗体芯片技术与紫外扫描鉴定偶联物。结果：壬基酚与OVA偶联成功，壬基酚单克隆抗体对偶联物的识别浓度小于2．68μg／ml。结论：本方法可用于壬基酚与卵清蛋白的偶联，且方法简单易实现。     

Pathology and genetics of phaeochromocytoma and paraganglioma

Phaeochromocytoma and paraganglioma (PHEO/PGL) are rare tumours with an estimated annual incidence of 3 per million. Advances in molecular understanding have led to the recognition that at least 30–40% arise in the setting of hereditary disease. Germline mutations in the succinate dehydrogenase genes SDHA, SDHB, SDHC, SDHD and SDHAF2 are the most prevalent of the more than 19 hereditary genetic abnormalities which have been reported. It is therefore recommended that, depending on local resources and availability, at least some degree of genetic testing should be offered to all PHEO/PGL patients, including those with clinically sporadic disease. It is now accepted that that all PHEO/PGL have some metastatic potential; therefore, concepts of benign and malignant PHEO/PGL have no meaning and have been replaced by a risk stratification approach. Although there is broad acceptance that certain features, including high proliferative activity, invasive growth, increased cellularity, large tumour nests and comedonecrosis, are associated with an increased risk of metastasis, it remains difficult to predict the clinical behaviour of individual tumours and no single risk stratification scheme is endorsed or in widespread use. In this review, we provide an update on advances in the pathology and genetics of PHEO/PGL with an emphasis on the changes introduced in the WHO 2017 classification of endocrine neoplasia relevant to practising surgical pathologists.     

Triptorelin and cetrorelix induce immune responses and affect uterine development and expressions of genes and proteins of ESR1, LHR,and FSHR of mice

Context: GnRH immunity can reduce the expression of pituitary GnRH levels, and cause the changes in reproductive behaviors. It is unclear whether triptorelin (TRI) and cetrorelix (CET) immunity influences uterine development and expression of follicle-stimulating hormone receptor (FSHR), luteinizing hormone receptor (LHR), and estradiol receptor 1 (ERS1) in the uterus.

Objective: The study investigated the effects of active immunity of GnRH agonist and antagonist on uterine development, microstructures, expression of hormone receptors mRNAs, and proteins in uteri.

Materials and methods: One hundred and five mice were assigned into CET, TRI, and control groups (CG). Mice in CET-1, CET-2, and CET-3 (n?=?15) were subcutaneously injected with 10, 20, and 40?μg CET antigens for seven days, respectively. Mice in TRI-1, TRI-2, and TRI-3 were injected with 10, 20, and 40?μg TRI antigens for seven days, respectively. The qPCR and Western blot were implemented to determine expressions of ESR1, LHR and FSHR mRNAs, and proteins.

Results: Compared with CG, the uterine weights of CET-1, CET-2, and CET-3 increased by 42.86, 62.86, and 10.00% on day 35 (p?p?p?p?p?Conclusions: CET immunity promoted the uterine development, improved EET and UWT, and also promoted the expressions of ESR1 and FSHR protein levels. It lessened the LHR protein levels. TRI immunity blocked EET and UWT, inhibited uterine growth and development. The efficacy of CET immunity was more obvious than TRI.     

Alterations of regular and mature monocytes are distinct,and dependent of intensity and duration of exercise

Circulating monocytes comprise functionally distinct regular (CD14^bright+) and mature (CD141^low+) cells. Cell surface receptors were determined by three colour flow cytometry in 8 healthy control subjects. Compared to regular monocytes, mature monocytes had lower levels of the high affinity Fcy receptor 1 (CD64), complement receptor 3 (CDllb), CD45RO and higher levels for HLA-DR, LFA-1 (CD11a/CD18), interleukin-2 receptor (CD25), CD45RA and the Fc receptor 3 (CD16). Both regular and mature monocytes were measured before and up to three hours after four different types of exercise (Ex) in endurance trained athletes (n=9-16). Immediately after anaerobic exercise of I min with a maximal lactate concentration (la_max) of I2.3 (SD I.4) mmol · l^–1 and exhaustive exercise of 24 (SD 8) min with a maximal lactate concentration (la_max) of 7.4 (SD 2.6) mmol· l^–1 mature monocytes increased more than regular monocytes. Exhaustive endurance exercise of 87 (SD 21) min [la_max 3.7 (SD I.0)] led to a similar increase of regular and mature monocytes. 15–33 min after a 100km run regular monocytes increased significantly, whereas mature monocytes decreased. Up to three hours after the end of all exercises mature monocytes fell below pre-exercise values. In conclusion, duration and intensity of exercise alter distinct maturation stages of monocytes differently. It is probable that the avidity of adhesion molecules like LFA-1 to their endothelial ligands is increased to enable the firm attachment to the endothelium.     

韧带和肌腱的生物力学和力学生物学研究

国际韧带和肌腱研讨会(The International Symposium on Ligaments and Tendons,ISI&T)于2000年在美国佛罗里达州奥兰多市首次召开。研讨会的宗旨是引起对韧带和肌腱研究的重视,并为生物工程师、生物学家、临床医师提供一个可以分享、评论、讨论韧带和肌腱最新研究成果的论坛。从2000年起,国际韧带和肌腱研讨会已经开展了15届;每届研讨会上涌现了大量令人振奋的关于当前韧带和肌腱研究热点和未来挑战的讨论。多年来,韧带和肌腱领域内的研究数量大幅增加,研究质量不断提升。为纪念《医用生物力学》杂志创刊30周年,本文总结过去30年里韧带和肌腱研究的主要进展,包括组织力学、力学生物学、损伤与治愈机制、组织修复和再生。