高位颈髓刀刺伤致脊髓半切综合征一例

患者女 ,2 7岁 ,农民 ,因被他人用刀刺伤颈部、背部及左前臂 1ｄ就诊。当刀刺入颈后时 ,顿感左侧肢体无力 ,跌到于地 ,无昏迷、呕吐及大小便失禁 ,伤口流血不止。查体 :左侧颈后枕下约一横指处可见一不规则伤口 ,横形 ,左背部、左前各有一表浅伤口 ,伤口已在当地卫生所包扎。中线右侧自下颌以下皮肤痛觉消失 ,触、本体感觉存在 ,中线左侧皮肤感觉正常。左上肢肌力Ⅱ级 ,左下肢肌力Ⅲ级 ,左上肢肌力Ⅴ级 ,右下肢肌力Ⅳ级 ,左侧膝反射亢进 ,Ｂａｂｉｎｓｋｉ征 (十 )。Ｘ线片示颈椎未见骨折脱位。ＣＴ检查示颈 2节段左侧有数个片状高密度灶 ,…     

左侧肢体多发外伤脱位一例报告

左侧肢体多发外伤脱位一例报告傅其栋患者男，１８岁。于１９９１年５月２８日上午，因开拖拉机跌伤左侧肢体，即时疼痛难忍，立上肢及左下肢不能活动，即送我院就诊。检查：左肩、肘部肿胀，上肢扭曲、内收畸形。左髋明显肿胀，腹股沟处压痛，左下肢外展、屈曲畸形，活动...     

颈椎间盘突出致脊髓半切综合征1例

患者,男,58岁,因左侧肢体无力,右侧肢体麻木1个月入院。病史：患者于入院前1个月无明显诱因出现左侧肢体无力,轻微麻木症状,并出现右侧肢体感觉麻木,较左侧严重。之后感觉左侧肢体无力加重,行走时身体不自主向左侧偏移,并有左足踩棉花的感觉,无大小便异常。既往体健,无外伤史。体格检查：颈后部棘突压痛,无放射痛。     

以腹股沟淋巴结肿大为首要症状的猫抓病1例

患者 男,59岁.农民.因左侧腹股沟区疼痛4个月,发现该区肿物伴同侧下肢活动受限7d入院就诊.患者于就诊前4个月自觉左侧腹股沟区疼痛,于当地自贴膏药治疗4d,自觉症状好转,就诊前1个月患者再次出现上述症状,于当地再次贴膏药,同时止痛治疗,后自觉好转,于就诊前7d发现左侧腹股沟区一肿物,质硬,活动度差,行走时自感疼痛,左下肢活动受限,局部无红肿,无压痛,不伴发热.     

多发性骨髓瘤伴双侧腹股沟巨大淀粉样变致股神经麻痹一例报告

患者 男,38岁,因无明显诱因出现腰痛1年而就诊.6个月前,患者出现右髋不适,偶有大腿前麻木,右腹股沟区有条索样肿物,质硬,无压痛;4个月前左髋部及大腿出现类似症状,左腹股沟亦触及肿物,并自感肿物逐渐增大,以左侧增大明显,双侧大腿及下肢麻木、无力、活动不灵活.     

多发性骨髓瘤伴双侧腹股沟巨大淀粉样变致股神经麻痹一例报告

患者 男,38岁,因无明显诱因出现腰痛1年而就诊.6个月前,患者出现右髋不适,偶有大腿前麻木,右腹股沟区有条索样肿物,质硬,无压痛;4个月前左髋部及大腿出现类似症状,左腹股沟亦触及肿物,并自感肿物逐渐增大,以左侧增大明显,双侧大腿及下肢麻木、无力、活动不灵活.     

多发性骨髓瘤伴双侧腹股沟巨大淀粉样变致股神经麻痹一例报告

患者 男,38岁,因无明显诱因出现腰痛1年而就诊.6个月前,患者出现右髋不适,偶有大腿前麻木,右腹股沟区有条索样肿物,质硬,无压痛;4个月前左髋部及大腿出现类似症状,左腹股沟亦触及肿物,并自感肿物逐渐增大,以左侧增大明显,双侧大腿及下肢麻木、无力、活动不灵活.     

高颈段神经鞘瘤1例

患者女 ,3 3岁 ,因颈部及头枕部疼痛 3年余 ,进行性四肢麻木、无力 1年 ,于 1999年 7月 12日入院。患者自 1996年 6月开始出现右侧颈肩部及头枕部疼痛 ,劳累后疼痛加重 ,常以感冒诊治 ,后疼痛逐渐缓解。 1997年 3月渐感右手麻木 ,疼痛 ,逐渐发展至右下肢、左上肢及左下肢 ,行走时如踩棉花感 ,呈进行性加重。查体 :皮肤光滑 ,无皮下结节 ,四肢肌力均减退 ,右侧上下肢肌力为Ⅳ级 ,左侧上下肢肌力为Ⅴ -级 ,右侧肢体痛温觉较左侧差 ,双侧膝腱反射均亢进 ,双侧巴彬斯征 (± )。双手霍夫曼征 ( )。大小便无异常。颈椎Ｘ线片见 :颈椎生理曲度变直…     

前后联合切除椎管内外巨大神经鞘瘤1例报告

患者,男,73岁,农民,因左半身麻木、无力10余年;加重伴左颈部胀痛半年入院.患者10余年前无明显诱因先后出现左上、下肢麻木、无力;2年前开始出现左下肢疼痛,并有下肢夜间放射痛;走路蹒跚.曾在当地医院就诊,诊断为"颈腰综合症";给予理疗、活血化淤等治疗,症状未见明显好转.半年前患者症状逐渐加重并出现左颈部胀痛,现来我院就诊.患者平素体健.     

长期误诊为脑梗死的环枢椎半脱位1例

1 病例资料 患者,男,78岁.因"进行性左侧肢体无力4年余",于2006年12月入院.患者4年前(2002年6月)发现自己从座位上站起困难,左腿无力,左膝关节区疼痛,至骨科就诊.各项检查未见异常,服用法能、钙片等药物2～3个月,无好转,并渐出现尿频.3年前患者因左下肢无力入院,当时能在1个人的搀扶下行走.     

Vasopressor hormone response following mesenteric traction during major abdominal surgery

Background : We investigated the vasopressor hormone response following mesenteric traction (MT) with hypotension due to prostacyclin (PGI₂) release in patients undergoing abdominal surgery with a combined general and epidural anesthesia. Methods : In a prospective, randomized, placebo-controlled study we administered 400 mg ibuprofen (i.v.) in 42 patients scheduled for abdominal surgery. General anesthesia was combined with epidural anesthesia (T4-L1). Before as well as 5, 15, 30, 45, and 90 min after MT we recorded plasma osmolality, hemodynamics and measured 6-keto-PGFlα (stabile metabolite of PGI₂), TXB₂ (stabile metabolite of thromboxane A₂) active renin, and arginine vasopressin (AVP) plasma concentrations by radioimmunoassay. Catecholamine levels were assessed by high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) with electrochemical detection. Results : Following MT, arterial hypotension occurred along with a substantial PGI₂ release. This was completely abolished by ibuprofen administration. Although plasma levels of 6-keto-PGF_1α (1133 (708) vs. 60 (3) ng/L, median (median absolute deviation), P=0.0001, placebo vs. ibuprofen) remained significantly elevated, blood pressure was restored within 30 min after MT in the placebo group. At the same point in time plasma concentrations of TXB² (164 (87) vs. 58 (1) ng/L, P=0.0001), epinephrine (46 (33) vs. 14 (6) ng/L, P=0.001), AVP (41 ± (18) vs. 12 (7) ng/L, P=0.0004), and active renin (27 (12) vs. 12 (4) ng/L, P = 0.001) were significantly higher in placebo-treated patients. Conclusion : Under combined general and epidural anesthesia arterial hypotension following MT due to endogenous PGI₂ release is associated with enhanced release of AVP, active renin, epinephrine and thromboxane A₂, presumably contributing to hemodynamic stability within 30 min after MT.     

A comparison of the inhibitory effects of four volatile anaesthetics on the metabolism of chlorzoxazone, a substrate for CYP2E1, in rabbits

Background: Halothane inhibits in vitro and in vivo activity of cytochrome P-450 (CYP) 2E1. There are several fluorinated volatile anaesthetics besides halothane, and most of them are defluorinated by CYP2E1. It is unclear whether other fluorinated anaesthetics inhibit the in vivo activity of CYP2E1.
Methods: We compared the inhibitory effects of therapeutic concentrations of four inhalational anaesthetics, halothane, enflurane, isoflurane, and sevoflurane, on chlorzoxazone metabolism in rabbits receiving artificial ventilation.
Results: All four inhalational anaesthetics decreased arterial blood pressure and increased plasma chlorzoxazone concentration. However, no significant differences in the plasma chlorzoxazone concentration were found between the four anaesthetics. The estimated chlorzoxazone clearance increased after beginning inhalation with all four agents, but no significant difference in clearance was noted between agents.
Conclusions: At therapeutic concentrations, the in vivo inhibitory effect on chlorzoxazone metabolism was similar for all four inhalational anaesthetics examined, even though their chemical characteristics and extent of hepatic metabolism differ considerably.     

A Teaspoon Pump for Pumping Blood with High Hydraulic Efficiency and Low Hemolysis Potential

Abstract: Virtually all blood pumps contain some kind of rubbing, sliding, closely moving machinery surfaces that are exposed to the blood being pumped. These valves, internal bearings, magnetic bearing position sensors, and shaft seals cause most of the problems with blood pumps. The original teaspoon pump design prevented the rubbing, sliding machinery surfaces from contacting the blood. However, the hydraulic efficiency was low because the blood was able to "slip around" the rotating impeller so that the blood itself never rotated fast enough to develop adequate pressure. An improved teaspoon blood pump has been designed and tested and has shown acceptable hydraulic performance and low hemolysis potential. The new pump uses a nonrotating "swinging" hose as the pump impeller. The fluid enters the pump through the center of the swinging hose; therefore, there can be no fluid slip between the revolving blood and the revolving impeller. The new pump uses an impeller that is comparable to a flexible garden hose. If the free end of the hose were swung around in a circle like half of a jump rope, the fluid inside the hose would rotate and develop pressure even though the hose impeller itself did not "rotate"; therefore, no rotating shaft seal or internal bearings are required.     

Microspheres Based Detoxification System: A New Method in Convective Blood Purification

Abstract: A variety of protein-bound or hydrophobic substances, accumulating as a result of pathologic conditions such as exogenous or endogenous intoxications, are removed poorly by conventional detoxification methods because of low accessibility (hemodialysis), insufficient adsorption capabilities (hemosorption), low efficiency (peritoneal dialysis), or economic limitations (high-volume plasmapheresis). Combining advantages of existing methods with microspheric technology, a module-based system was designed. Major operating parameters of the latter can be modified to allow for adjustment to individual clinical situations. An extracorporeal blood circuit including a plasmafilter is combined with a secondary high-velocity plasma circuit driven by a centrifugal pump. Different microspheric adsorbers can be combined in one circuit or applied in sequence. Thus, a prolonged treatment can be tailored using specially designed selective adsorber materials. Comparing this system with existing methods (high-flux hemodialysis, molecular adsorbent recycling system), results from our in vitro studies and animal experiments demonstrate the superior efficiency of substance removal.     

Tissue perfusion in relation to cardiac output during continuous positive-pressure ventilation and administration of propranolol or verapamil

Background : Our objective was to determine whether administration of propranolol or verapamil modifies the hemodynamic adaptation to continuous positive-pressure ventilation (CPPV), in particular the regional distribution of cardiac output (CO).
Methods : General hemodynamics and regional blood flows assessed by microsphere technique (15 (μm) were recorded in 16 anesthetized pigs during spontaneous breathing (SB) and CPPV with 8 cm H₂O end-expiratory pressure (CPPV8) before and after intravenous administration of propranolol (0.3 mg · kg⁻¹ followed by 0.15 mg · kg⁻¹ · h⁻¹, n=8) or verapamil (0.1 mg · kg⁻¹ followed by 0.3 mg · kg⁻¹ · h⁻¹, n=8).
Results : CPPV8 depressed CO by 25% without shifts in its relative distribution with the exception of a noteworthy increase in adrenal perfusion. Propranolol increased arterial blood pressure, and due to a fall in heart rate, CO dropped by 25%. The kidneys and, to a lesser extent, the splanchic region and central nervous system received increased fractions of the remaining CO at the expense of skeletal muscle flow. Similar patterns were seen during SB and CPPV8 such that the combination of propranolol and CPPV8 depressed CO by 50%. The circulatory effects of verapamil were less evident but myocardial perfusion tended to increase.
Conclusions : The combination of propranolol or verapamil with CPPV does not result in any specific hemodynamic interaction in anesthetized pigs, except that the combined effect of propranolol and CPPV may severely reduce CO.     

Volatile anaesthetics reduce adhesion of blood platelets under low-flow conditions in the coronary system of isolated guinea pig hearts

Background : Inhibitory effects of volatile anaesthetics on platelet aggregation have been demonstrated in several studies. However, the influence of volatile anaesthetics on intracoronary platelet adhesion has not been elucidated so far.
Methods : Isolated hearts of guinea pigs were perfused with buffer in the absence or presence of volatile anaesthetics (0.5 and 1 MAC) at constant coronary flow rates of 5 ml/min for 25 min, then 1 ml/min for 30 min and again 5 ml/min for 10 min. Before, during and after low-flow perfusion, a bolus of human platelets was applied into the coronary system. To simulate thrombogenic conditions, 0.3 U/ml human thrombin was infused during low-flow perfusion and reperfusion. The number of platelets sequestered to the endothelium was calculated from the difference between coronary in- and output of platelets. The myocardial production of lactate and consumption of pyruvate and coronary perfusion pressure were also determined.
Results : At a flow rate of 5 ml/min only about 3% of the applied platelets did not emerge from the coronary system, in any group. In contrast, 13.1±1.2% (mean±SEM) of infused platelets became adherent in low-flow perfusion in the control group without anaesthetic. The adherence was reduced with each 1 MAC isoflurane (to 6.2±1.2%), sevoflurane (to 4.4±0.9%) or halothane (to 3.2±1.5%) (each P <0.05 vs. control). Volatile anaesthetic, 0.5 MAC, did not inhibit platelet adhesion to a statistically significant extent in any case. Perfusion pressure and metabolic parameters were not statistically different between the control and the hearts exposed to anaesthetics.
Conclusion : Volatile anaesthetics in a concentration of 1 MAC can reduce the adhesion of platelets in the coronary system under reduced flow conditions. This action does not arise from vasodilation or inhibition of ischaemic stress.     

Bariatric Surgery in Some "Central and East-European (former Eastern bloc)"Countries - Current Status and Prediction for the Next Millennium

Background: Obesity is increasing globallly, including in the formerly "Eastern Bloc" countries. Methods: A survey was made of obesity and bariatric surgery. Results: In the 8 East and Central European countries studied, with total population 300 million, roughly 43% of the population was overweight (BMI 25-30), 23% obese (BMI > 30), with about 15 million people morbidly obese (BMI > 40). From 0-10 morbidly obese individuals/100,000/year undergo bariatric surgery. Conclusion: Most countries were found to provide inadequate treatment for obesity.The majority of the morbidly obese are not treated effectively. However, health-care awareness of obesity and bariatric surgeons are slowly increasing.     

Is the recovery profile of mivacurium independent of the rate of decay of its plasma concentration in patients with normal plasma cholinesterase activity?

Background: The duration of action of muscle relaxants is poorly correlated to the rate of decay of their plasma concentration. The plasma concentration of mivacurium may rapidly decrease below its active concentration because of the extensive hydrolysis of mivacurium. By inflating a tourniquet on one upper limb for 3 min after the administration of atracurium, mivacurium or vecuronium, we studied the influence of the initial decline of their plasma concentration on their effect. Methods: In 50 patients anaesthetised with thiopental, isoflurane and fentanyl, the effect of bolus doses of 0.15 or 0.25 mg . kg^?1 mivacurium (MIV 15, MIV 25), 0.3 or 0.5 mg . kg^?1 atracurium (ATR 30, ATR 50) and 0.06 or 0.1 mg . kg^?1 vecuronium (VEC 06, VEC 10) were measured on both arms (evoked response of the adductor pollicis to train-of-four stimulation every 12 s), a tourniquet being applied on one arm just before and during 3 min after the muscle relaxant bolus. Results: Tourniquet inflation of 3 min almost abolished the neuromuscular effect of mivacurium. In the vecuronium groups and in the ATR 50 group, tourniquet inflation did not modify the maximum degree of depression of the twitch response. Also, the duration of action of vecuronium was unaffected by the tourniquet. In the ATR 30 group, times to return of the twitch response to 25% (duration 25%) and 75% (duration 75%) of control response were significantly shorter in the cuffed arm, 23 min vs 27 min, and 41 min vs 45 min, respectively. In the ATR 50 group, only duration 25% was significantly shorter in the cuffed arm (41 min vs 45 min). Conclusion: The results suggest that the rate of decline of the plasma concentration of mivacurium is so rapid, that a very low and almost clinically ineffective concentration is present as soon as 3 min after its administration. The results also indicate that the recovery from a mivacurium-induced neuromuscular blockade is not influenced by the rate of decay of its plasma concentration in patients with genotypically normal plasma cholinesterase.     

Membranes in Artificial Organs

Abstract: Membrane processes play a pivotal and enabling role in modern replacement therapy for acute and chronic organ failure and in the management of immunologic diseases. In fact, virtually all contemporary extracorporeal blood purification methods employ membrane devices, and the next generation of artificial organs and tissue engineering therapies are almost certain to be similarly grounded in membrane technology. In this short essay, we comment on the similarities and differences among synthetic membranes and their natural counterparts and also provide a critical overview of the demographics and technology of hemodialysis, hemofiltration, apheresis, oxygenation, and emerging membrane technologies and applications.     

Influence of dopexamine hydrochloride on haemodynamics and regulators of circulation in patients undergoing major abdominal surgery

Background: Catecholaminergic support is often used to improve haemodynamics in patients undergoing major abdominal surgery. Dopexamine is a synthetic vasoactive catecholamine with beneficial microcirculatory properties. Methods: The influence of perioperative administration of dopexamine on cardiorespiratory data and important regulators of macro- and microcirculation were studied in 30 patients undergoing Whipple pancreaticduodenectomy. The patients received randomized and blinded either 2 μg · kg^?1 · min^?1 of dopexamine (n=15) or placebo (n=15, control group). The infusion was started after induction of anaesthesia and continued until the morning of the first postoperative day. Endothelin-1 (ET-1), vasopressin, atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP), and catecholamine plasma levels were measured from arterial blood samples. Measurements were carried out after induction of anaesthesia, 2 h after onset of surgery, at the end of surgery, 2 h after surgery, and on the morning of the first postoperative day. Results: Cardiac index (CI) increased significantly in the dopexamine group (from 2.61±0.41 to 4.57±0.78 1 · min^?1 · m^?2) and remained elevated until the morning of the first postoperative day. Oxygen delivery index (DO₂I) and oxygen consumption index (VO₂I) were also significantly increased in the dopexamine group (DO₂I: from 416±91 to 717±110 ml/m² · m²; VO₂I: from 98±25 to 157±22 ml/m² · m²), being significantly higher than in the control group. pHi remained stable only in the dopexamine patients, indicating adequate splanchnic perfusion. Vasopressive regulators of circulation increased significantly only in the untreated control patients (vasopressin: from 4.37±1.1 to 35.9±12.1 pg/ml; ET-1: from 2.88±0.91 to 6.91±1.20 pg/ml). Conclusion: Patients undergoing major abdominal surgery may profit from prophylactic perioperative administration of dopexamine hydrochloride in the form of improved haemodynamics and oxygenation as well as beneficial influence on important regulators of organ blood flow.