颈椎前路融合术后相邻节段的退变

目的探讨颈椎前路节段性融合手术后其相邻节段退变的预防康复及治疗方法.方法对126例患者进行长期有效的随访,观察颈椎生理曲度的变化、颈椎稳定程度及相邻节段退交情况.对有轻度退变或退变较重但神经症状较轻患者行非手术治疗,对退变患者非手术治疗无效且进行性加重及退变较重且神经受损症状明显患者35例采用颈椎后路单开门椎管成形手术治疗.结果随访2.5～11年,平均5.5年.术后相邻节段退变发生率为91.4%,颈椎前路手术后1.5年发现有相邻节段椎间盘信号的异常改变.术后的康复指导可预防或延缓相邻节段退变,采用颈椎后路单开门椎管成形手术治疗颈椎前路节段性融合手术后其相邻节段退变均达到满意效果.结论颈椎前路手术后的康复指导可预防或廷缓相邻节段退变,颈椎后路单开门椎管成形手术是治疗颈椎前路节段性融合手术后其相邻节段退变的可靠有效的方法.     

相邻节段退变对颈椎前路手术后远期疗效的影响

[目的]探讨相邻节段退变对颈椎前路节段性融合手术后远期效果的影响。[方法]对128例颈椎前路手术后患者进行长期有效的随访，通过复查颈椎MRI观察颈椎前路融合术后其相邻节段的退变情况、颈髓受压及变性情况、生理曲度的变化及颈椎稳定程度等，并根据退变情况加以分型，对退变患者保守治疗无效且进行性加重及退变较重且神经受损症状明显患者35例采用颈椎后路单开门椎骨成形手术治疗。[结果]随访1．5年～11年6个月，平均5．6年。颈椎前路减压植骨，融合手术后其相邻节段退变发生率为91．4％，颈椎前路手术后1．5年发现有相邻节段椎间盘信号的异常改变，显示早期退变征象。随访病例中由于相邻节段退变而再次行后路手术的比例约27．3％，这种退变与手术患者的年龄、手术时相邻节段间盘的退变情况、融合节段的长短、颈椎生理曲度的变化、术后的自我保健、工作性质等有直接关系。[结论]相邻节段退变是颈椎前路手术主要的远期并发症，正确的手术方式及术后有效的康复指导可以预防或减缓相邻节段退变的发生。     

颈椎前路融合术后邻近节段退行性变的预防及治疗策略进展

随着人口的老龄化进程和内固定技术的普遍开展,颈椎融合术,特别是前路融合手术的开展量逐年递增[1].伴随术后随访时间延长,颈椎融合术后邻近节段退行性变(ASD)相关性问题日益凸显,成为临床研究的热点.颈椎ASD是指颈椎融合术后,与干预节段直接相邻的上下节段发生椎间盘退行性变、骨赘形成、椎间关节增生、椎管狭窄、节段性不稳、后凸畸形或侧凸畸形等病理改变[2].如何有效减少及合理治疗颈椎前路术后ASD成为脊柱医师关注的焦点.本文检索了近20年的颈椎前路术后ASD预防和治疗的相关文献,对于相似文献选择新近发表或权威期刊文献.通过对这些文献进行分析,就颈椎前路融合术后ASD的流行病学特点、病理机制、预防及治疗等方面作如下综述.     

颈椎人工椎间盘置换术

颈椎前路椎间盘切除植骨融合术一直被认为是治疗颈椎退变性疾病的成熟而标准化的前路手术.但部分患者术后出现相邻节段继发性退变和不稳定,导致手术远期疗效差、满意度低.     

发育性颈椎管狭窄与颈椎前路融合术后邻近节段退变的关系分析

正颈椎前路融合术被认为是外科治疗颈椎病的重要术式,近年来国内手术量逐年增多[1]。颈椎融合术后邻近节段椎间盘应力增加,由此引发的邻近节段退变也日益受到关注[2]。现代医学认为发育性颈椎管狭窄可致颈椎管的储备空间较少,退变或外伤因素易引发脊髓受损,颈椎前路融合术邻近节段退行性改变可再次压迫神经产生脊髓病或神经根病[3]。然而目前有关发育性颈椎管狭窄与颈椎前路融合术后邻近节段退变关系的研究较少,为此笔者展开了临     

颈椎前路Hybrid术在治疗颈椎退行性疾病中对活动度和曲度的影响

目的:观察颈椎前路Hybrid术后6个月影像学上颈椎曲度和活动度的变化。方法 :回顾性分析2017年1月至2018年7月接受颈椎前路Hybrid术的颈椎退行性疾病患者,符合纳入标准并获得术前和术后6个月影像学资料者29例。男11例,女18例,年龄34～76(55.86±10.69)岁,手术时间2～4(3.03±0.51) h。采用Cobb角法测量术前和术后6个月颈椎X线侧位片上C_2-C_7、置换、融合及上位相邻节段曲度和活动度的变化。结果 :术后6个月C_2-C_7曲度和活动度与术前比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05);置换节段曲度和活动度较术前增加(P0.05);融合节段曲度较术前增加(P0.05),融合节段活动度与术前比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05);上位相邻节段的曲度和活动度与术前比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。横向比较:术前和术后6个月时置换和融合节段曲度比较,差异均无统计学意义(P0.05);术后6个月置换节段活动度高于融合节段活动度(P0.05)。结论:颈椎前路Hybrid术重建了颈椎整体和责任节段的前凸曲度,保留了颈椎置换节段活动度,恢复了颈椎整体生物力学功能。     

颈椎前路减压高分子材料Solis颈椎间融合器植入术

目的观察颈椎前路减压Solis椎体间融合的临床效果。方法对35例颈椎疾病患者采用前路减压Solis植入,随访3~36个月,采用JOA评分法观察术后神经功能恢复,X线检查观察融合节段的融合时间,融合节段屈伸位Cobb角改变,椎间高度的改变情况。结果神经功能JOA评分法术后12个月优良率91.3%。影像学检查,所有病例手术节段均在3个月内融合,融合率100%,融合节段屈伸位Cobb角改变小于5°,手术节段椎间高度增加1~2mm,术后最长36个月无椎间高度丢失。结论Solis用于颈椎疾病的治疗融合率高,融合后稳定性好,神经功能改善优良率高,术后撑开椎间高度丢失低。     

颈椎人工椎间盘置换术——我们的未来?

尽管颈椎前路融合术是20世纪治疗颈椎退变性疾病的重要方法，但是越来越多的学者研究发现，前路融合术后相邻节段的继发性退变和不稳定可以造成原有的症状复发或加重，已经成为影响颈椎前路手术治疗颈椎病远期疗效的一个重要因素。融合后手术节段获得的是一种非生理状态的稳定，失去了相应的运动节段，造成颈椎总活动度减少，相邻节段出现退变加快，一些患者甚至需要再次接受相邻节段的融合术。颈椎人工椎间盘置换术的设计理念是代替原来的椎间盘并行使其功能，实现保留运动节段、减少相邻节段继发性退变的目的。     

颈椎前路减压植骨融合术后颈椎后凸畸形的原因分析

目的：探讨颈椎前路椎体植骨融合术后颈椎后凸畸形的原因。方法：随诊1982年8月-2000年12月274例行颈椎前路减压、单纯植骨融合术的病例，对其中确诊为颈椎后凸畸形患者的手术减压节段、植骨方式、骨融合情况及术后颈椎后凸畸形的进展对疗效的影响进行分析。结果：随访2年3个月～7年6个月，平均4年1个月，17例患者确诊为颈椎后凸畸形；术后1年时融合节段前柱短缩明显，颈椎后凸畸形最明显，其中12例为双节段减压、Keystone式植骨；8例后期颈椎植骨融合节段上下相邻椎体不稳：17例患者术前JOA评分平均10．2分．术后1年平均15．2分，末次随访时为15．6分。结论：单纯颈椎前路减压植骨融合术后因减压节段和值骨方式的不同使融合节段前柱短缩及植骨融合节段上下相邻椎体不稳是颈椎后凸畸形的直接原因。     

颈椎后纵韧带骨化症前路手术并发症及相关因素的研究进展

正后纵韧带骨化(ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament,OPLL)是指后纵韧带发生异位骨化的一种病理状态。对伴有神经损害的颈椎OPLL患者,建议行手术治疗。传统的颈椎前路手术一般通过切除对应椎间盘或椎体、暴露并切除骨化物来直接解除脊髓和神经根的压迫,适用于椎管侵占率60%、OPLL3个节段的患者~([1])。     

Technique of cervical interbody fusion

A dovetail autogeneic graft is demonstrated for anterior interbody fusion of the cervical spine for degenerated or protruded intervertebral discs. The method is applicable for one or more levels and has been successfully combined with vertebral body resection for metastatic tumors and trauma. The procedure provides secure initial interbody immobilization and prevents interbody collapse. None of the 58 cases had grafts slip from their original position. The union rate has been 100%.     

Increased fusion rates with cervical plating for two-level anterior cervical discectomy and fusion

STUDY DESIGN: A retrospective review of all patients surgically treated with a two-level anterior cervical discectomy and fusion with and without anterior plate fixation by a single surgeon. OBJECTIVES: To compare the clinical and radiographic success of two-level discectomy and the effect of anterior cervical plate fixation. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: Prior studies of multisegment fusions have shown decreased fusion rates correlating with the number of increased levels. The use of anterior plates for single-level cervical fusions is controversial. However, their use in multilevel fusions may be warranted because of the increased pseudarthrosis rates. METHODS: Over a 6-year period, 60 patients were treated surgically with a two-level anterior cervical discectomy and fusion by the senior author. Thirty-two patients had cervical plates, and 28 underwent fusions without plates. These patients were followed for an average of 2.7 years. Clinical and radiographic follow-up evaluations were performed. RESULTS: Of the 60 patients, 7 had a pseudarthrosis. The pseudarthrosis rates were 0% for patients with plating and 25% for those with no plating. This difference was statistically significant (P = 0.003). No correlation of pseudarthrosis with gender, age, level of surgery, history of tobacco use, or the presence of prior anterior surgery was found. There was significantly less graft collapse (P = 0.0001) in the patients without plates in whom pseudarthrosis developed (1.4 mm) than in those who had fusions with plates (0.3 mm). The amount of kyphotic deformity of the fused segment was 0.4 degree in patients with plating compared with 4.9 degrees in those without plating who developed a pseudarthrosis (P = 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS: The addition of plate fixation for two-level anterior cervical discectomy and fusion is a safe procedure with no significant increase in complication rates. The pseudarthrosis rates are significantly higher in patients treated without plate fixation. No nonunions occurred in the patients treated with plate fixation. There was significantly less disc space collapse and kyphotic deformity with the plated fusions than with the nonplated fusions, in which a pseudarthrosis developed. The complication rates for plated fusions are extremely low and do not differ from those for nonplated fusions.     

Increased fusion rates with cervical plating for three-level anterior cervical discectomy and fusion

STUDY DESIGN: A retrospective review of all patients surgically treated by a single surgeon with a three-level anterior cervical discectomy and fusion with and without anterior plate fixation. OBJECTIVES: To compare the clinical and radiographic success of anterior three-level discectomy and fusion performed with and without anterior cervical plate fixation. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: Previous studies of multilevel cervical discectomies and fusions have shown fusion rates to decrease as the number of surgical levels increases. Anterior cervical plate stabilization can provide more stability and may increase fusion rates for multilevel fusions. METHODS: Over a 7-year period, 59 patients were treated surgically with a three-level anterior cervical discectomy and fusion by the senior author. Forty patients had cervical plates, whereas 19 had fusions with no plates. These patients were observed for an average of 3.2 years. Clinical and radiographic follow-up data were obtained. RESULTS: Of the 59 patients, 14 had a pseudarthrosis (7 in each group). The pseudarthrosis rates were 18% (7 of 40) for patients with plating and 37% (7 of 19) for patients with no plating. Although the nonunion rate for unplated fusions was double that of plated fusions, this difference was not statistically significant. There was no statistically significant correlation between pseudarthrosis and gender, age, level of surgery, history of tobacco use, or previous anterior surgery. The fusion rates were improved with the use of a cervical plate. Inferior clinical results were demonstrated in patients with a pseudarthrosis, regardless of the use of a cervical plate. CONCLUSIONS: The addition of plate fixation for three-level anterior cervical discectomy and fusion is a safe procedure and does not result in higher complication rates. In this study, the pseudarthrosis rate was lower for patients with a cervical plate. However, this difference was not statistically significant. Patients treated with cervical plating had overall better results when compared with those of patients treated without cervical plates. Although the use of cervical plates decreased the pseudarthrosis rate, a three-level procedure is still associated with a high nonunion rate, and other strategies to increase fusion rates should be explored.     

椎体次全切除与椎间隙减压治疗多节段颈椎病的疗效比较

目的 比较椎体次全切除减压植骨融合术(anterior cervical corpectomy with fusion,ACCF)和经椎间隙减压植骨融合术(anterior cervical discectomy with fusion,ACDF)治疗多节段颈椎病的临床疗效及影像学结果.方法 回顾性分析2002年6月～...     

零切迹颈前路椎间融合固定系统在颈前路融合术中的初步应用

目的探讨零切迹颈前路椎间融合固定系统(Zero-p ACIF)在颈椎前路融合术中的应用效果。方法 2009-12-2010-10,对24例(26节段)颈椎疾病患者行前路椎间零切迹椎间融合固定系统内固定,其中颈椎外伤性椎间盘突出、不稳7例,颈椎间盘疾患17例,其中双节段2例。结果24例患者随访12～20个月,平均随访14个月,JOA评分由术前平均8.6分上升到末次随访时15.2分,术后X线片与末次X线片提示椎间高度无丢失,内固定无松动。结论 Zero-p ACIF有较优异的材料和力学性能,能有效维持融合椎间高度,对椎前组织无影响,是一种新的颈前路融合手段。     

Anterior cervical discectomy and fusion

A retrospective review of 94 patients who had undergone anterior cervical discectomy and fusion was performed to analyze the result in patients who had a diagnosis of posterolateral spondylosis, disc herniation, or both. Although in 23 of 94 patients additional adjacent asymptomatic levels of spondylosis were noted, only the symptomatic levels were addressed in the 94 cases. Postoperatively two cases of dysphagia were noted, as well as a 4% pseudarthrosis rate. There was an 88% good or excellent result when no additional spondylosis was present, but only a 60% good or excellent result when just the symptomatic levels were addressed, leaving unoperated adjacent levels of spondylosis.     

Anterior cervical discectomy and fusion

The science of cervical spinal surgery is a constantly developing field. The concept of the anterior approach initially described by Bailey and Badgley² has been modified many times and continues to evolve. Despite all the modifications, two basic anterior procedures are currently performed for treatment of the clinical syndromes resulting from cervical spine degeneration: anterior cervical discectomy with interbody fusion and anterior cervical corpectomy and strut grafting. The following article presents both techniques, their indications, and the possible complications that these techniques may incur. This article also discusses the relative merits of each technique and benefits of anterior versus posterior approach for the treatment of cervical spondylosis.     

生物活性颈椎椎间融合器在颈椎融合术中不同固定方式的生物力学研究

目的 探讨由羟基磷灰石和左旋聚乳酸复合研制的新型生物活性颈椎椎间融合器在颈椎融合术中不同固定方式的生物力学特性.方法 制备新鲜人颈椎标本6个(尸体均为合法捐赠,由南方医科大学解剖学教研室提供),模拟临床术式行前路C5～6减压椎间分别植入髂骨、生物活性颈椎椎间融合器和生物活性颈椎椎间融合器加钢板内固定,通过脊柱三维运动实验机测量C5～6节段的运动范围.结果 生物活性颈椎椎间融合器加钢板固定后稳定性增加,在各个状态的运动范围均明显小于其他各组(P ＜0.005).单纯生物活性颈椎椎间融合器组在后伸状态下运动范围(6.25±0.29)度较正常组(5.76±0.40)度增大,稳定性下降,但差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05);在除后伸外的其他各种状态下的运动范围均小于髂骨组,较髂骨组稳定,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.005).结论 新型生物活性颈椎椎间融合器具有良好的生物力学性能,加钢板内固定后各个方向稳定性好,能重建颈椎稳定性.