聚乙二醇干扰素α-2a联合恩替卡韦对慢性乙型肝炎病人肝功能及肝纤维化的影响

目的 探讨聚乙二醇干扰素α-2a联合恩替卡韦对慢性乙型肝炎病人肝功能及肝纤维化的影响.方法 将70例慢性乙型肝炎病人分为观察组和对照组,各35例.全部病人给予常规综合治疗,对照组采用恩替卡韦治疗,观察组采用聚乙二醇干扰素α-2a联合恩替卡韦治疗,比较两组病人肝功能及肝纤维化程度.结果 观察组总有效为88.57%,对照组为62.86%,两组比较差异有统计学意义(χ2=6.293,P<0.05);两组治疗后总胆红素(TBil)、丙氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT)、天冬氨酸氨基转移酶(AST)、谷氨酰转肽酶(GGT)均显著降低(P<0.05);观察组治疗后AST、ALT、TBil、GGT显著低于对照组治疗后,差异有统计学意义(t=5.410、7.084、7.414、2.460,P<0.05);两组治疗后透明质酸酶(HA)、Ⅲ型前胶原(PCⅢ)、层连黏蛋白(LN)、IV型肽原(Ⅳ-C)均显著降低(P<0.05);观察组治疗后HA、PCⅢ、LN、Ⅳ-C显著低于对照组治疗后,差异有统计学意义(t=14.194、3.666、3.896、4.362,P<0.05);两组均未出现明显的全身或局部不良反应.结论 聚乙二醇干扰素α-2a联合恩替卡韦能显著提高慢性乙型肝炎病人的肝功能,逆转肝纤维化进程.     

复方鳖甲软肝片联合恩替卡韦对慢性乙型肝炎纤维化的治疗作用

目的探讨复方鳖甲软肝片联合恩替卡韦对慢性乙型肝炎纤维化的治疗作用。方法选取我院收治的100例慢性乙型肝炎纤维化患者,根据治疗方案分为两组各50例。对照组采取恩替卡韦治疗,观察组采取复方鳖甲软肝片联合恩替韦卡治疗,比较两组的效果。结果治疗后观察组总胆红素(TBiL)、天门冬氨酸氨基转移酶(AST)、丙氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT)等肝功能指标显著优于对照组;治疗后观察组透明质酸(HA)、Ⅲ型胶原(cⅢ)、Ⅳ型胶原(cⅣ)、层黏蛋白(LN)等血清肝纤维化等指标显著优于对照组(P <0.05)。结论对于慢性乙型肝炎纤维化的患者,采取复方鳖甲软肝片联合恩替卡韦,疗效显著,值得在临床进一步探讨。     

饮酒对慢性肝炎肝纤维化指标及转归的影响

目的:探讨饮酒对慢性肝炎肝纤维化指标及治疗效果的影响。方法:选择有饮酒史慢性肝炎患者76例(观察组),研究分析其血清肝纤维化指标、门静脉直径及治疗效果与非饮酒患者(对照组)的差异。结果:具有饮酒史的慢性肝炎患者血清肝纤维化指标透明质酸(HA)和层连蛋白(LN)明显高于非饮酒患者(295.33±49.55,149.85±36.04,P<0.001;163.21±16.15,136.63±11.76,P<0.001),观察组患者门静脉平均直径大于对照组〔(1.32±0.16)cm,(1.22±0.24)cm,P<0.05〕,观察组治愈好转率明显低于对照组(P<0.05)。结论:饮酒的慢性肝炎患者肝脏纤维化进程快、肝脏储备能力较差,对治疗反应较差,病死率较高。     

肝爽颗粒治疗肝纤维化患者疗效观察及对肝功能的影响研究

目的 探究肝爽颗粒治疗肝纤维化患者疗效观察及对肝功能的影响。方法 以随机抽样法为分组依据，将本院抽取的80例肝纤维化患者分为试验组(肝爽颗粒治疗)与参照组(常规治疗)各40例，均于2020.1-2021.1期间在本院接受治疗，对干预效果进行分析比较。结果 治疗前参照组及试验组总胆红素(TBIL)、血清谷丙转氨酶(ALT)、谷草转氨酶(AST)水平无差异(P>0.05),治疗后试验组相较于参照组ALT、AST、TBil水平均较低(P<0.05),治疗前参照组及试验组透明质酸(HA)、层黏连蛋白(LN)、Ⅲ型前胶原(PCⅢ)、Ⅳ型胶原(Ⅳ-C)、肝脏硬度值(LMS)水平无差异(P>0.05),治疗后试验组相较于参照组PCⅢ、Ⅳ-C、HA、LN、LSM水平较低(P<0.05)。结论 将肝爽颗粒治疗应用于肝纤维化患者后，可有效改善患者肝功能，减少肝纤维化，具有较为理想的治疗意义，值得应用。     

拉米夫定联合干扰素治疗对慢性乙型肝炎纤维化指标的影响

目的观察拉米夫定联合干扰素治疗对慢性乙型肝炎纤维化指标的影响。方法将60例慢性乙型肝炎患者随机分为治疗组和对照组各30例。治疗组采用干扰素α-2b 500万U肌内注射,同时给拉米夫定0.1g口服;对照组仅给予拉米夫定,用法、疗程同治疗组。观察2组治疗前后肝纤维化指标、肝功能及血清病毒学标志物的变化情况。结果 2组治疗后透明质酸(HA)、层黏蛋白(LN)、Ⅲ型前胶原肽(PⅢP)、Ⅳ型胶原(C-Ⅳ)、丙氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT)及天冬氨酸氨基转移酶(AST)均明显降低,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05或P<0.01);治疗组治疗后HA和C-Ⅳ水平低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗组HBV-DNA转阴率高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论拉米夫定联合干扰素治疗能明显抑制慢性乙型肝炎患者乙型肝炎病毒复制,明显改善肝纤维化指标,减轻肝纤维化程度,值得临床推广应用。     

还原型谷胱甘肽对慢性乙型肝炎患者血清肝纤维化指标和细胞因子的影响

目的:探讨还原型谷胱甘肽(GSH)对慢性乙型肝炎(CHB)患者血清肝纤维化指标及细胞因子的影响。方法:96例CHB患者随机分为对照组和治疗组(GSH组),治疗前后采用酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)双抗体夹心法和放射免疫分析法(RIA)测定血清转化生长因子-β1(TGF-β1)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、玻璃酸(HA)、Ⅳ型胶原(C-Ⅳ)、层黏连蛋白(LN)以及丙氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT)、天门氡氨酸氨基转移酶(AST);另设30例健康体检者为健康组。结果:CHB患者血清ALT、AST、HA、C-Ⅳ、LN和TGF-β1、TNF-α水平较健康组显著升高(P<0.01)。采用GSH治疗8周后ALT、AST、HA、C-Ⅳ、LN和TGF-β1、TNF-α水平较治疗前及对照组均有显著降低(P<0.01)。结论:GSH能够降低CHB患者血清TGF-β1、TNF-α水平,具有抗炎及抗肝纤维化作用。     

复方甘草酸苷联合阿德福韦酯治疗慢性乙型肝炎肝纤维化观察

目的:探讨复方甘草酸苷联合阿德福韦酯治疗慢性乙型肝炎肝纤维化的临床疗效.方法:选择慢性乙型肝炎患者80例,随机分为治疗组和对照组.对照组给予口服阿德福韦酯抗病毒以及维生素等基础治疗,而治疗组在对照组的基础上加用复方甘草酸苷治疗.比较两组治疗前后肝功能谷丙转氨酶(ALT)、谷草转氨酶(AST)和血清中肝纤维化指标透明质酸(HA)、层粘蛋白(LN)、Ⅲ型胶原(PC-Ⅲ)、Ⅳ型胶原(Ⅳ-C)的变化情况.结果:治疗组总有效率ALT( 100.00％)、AST(97.50％)较对照组ALT(77.50％)、AST(74.36％)均明显增加(P＜0.05或0.01);治疗组血清HA、LN、Ⅳ-C、PC-Ⅲ水平较对照组显著下降(P＜0.01).结论:复方甘草酸苷联合阿德福韦酯治疗慢性乙型肝炎肝纤维化明显优于单独应用阿德福韦酯.     

螺旋藻对大鼠实验性肝纤维化的预防作用

目的 :研究螺旋藻对大鼠实验性肝纤维化的预防作用。方法 :实验分正常对照组、四氯化碳组、螺旋藻组 (均n =8)。后 2组分别用 4 0 %四氯化碳 (橄榄油溶液 )制备大鼠肝纤维化模型 ,螺旋藻组给予含螺旋藻精粉的指状饲料条 ,共 12wk。观察肝脏组织学、肝羟脯氨酸 (HYP)含量、血清PC Ⅲ及HA水平。结果 :螺旋藻组肝纤维化程度明显轻于四氯化碳组 ,螺旋藻组PC Ⅲ [(140±s 37) μg·L- 1]和HA[(2 6 2± 92 ) μg·L- 1]显著低于四氯化碳组 [(2 74± 6 9) μg·L- 1]和 [(4 84± 114) μg·L- 1](P<0 .0 1) ,肝HYP含量螺旋藻组 [(174± 37) μg·g- 1]亦显著低于四氯化碳组 [(2 4 3± 4 9) μg·g- 1](P <0 .0 5)。结论 :螺旋藻对实验性肝纤维化有预防作用。     

声辐射力脉冲成像技术指导恩替卡韦、复方鳖甲软肝片治疗肝纤维化的效果分析

目的：探讨声辐射力脉冲成像技术指导恩替卡韦联合复方鳖甲软肝片治疗肝纤维化的临床疗效。方法选择2012年6月—2014年5月在该院接受治疗的肝纤维化患者90例,随机分成观察组及对照组,各45例,对照组给予恩替卡韦治疗,观察组给予恩替卡韦联合复方鳖甲软肝片治疗,疗程48周,分别于治疗前、治疗24周、治疗48周行声辐射力脉冲成像技术（ ARFI）检查,评价两组治疗效果。结果观察组临床有效率为95．6％,对照组临床有效率为91．1％,两组比较无统计学差异（P＞0．05）。治疗前两组患者横向剪切波速值（VTQ）、丙氨酸转肽酶（ALT）、天冬氨酸转肽酶（AST）比较无统计学差异（P＞0．05）,治疗后24周、48周两组患者VTQ速度、ALT及AST均显著降低（P＜0．05）,观察组VTQ速度、ALT及AST显著低于对照组（P＜0．05）。治疗前两组患者血清透明质酸（HA）、层黏蛋白（LN）、Ⅲ型前胶原肽（PCⅢ）、Ⅳ型胶原（CⅣ）比较无统计学差异（P＞0．05）,治疗后24周、48周两组患者血清HA、LN、PCⅢ、CⅣ均显著降低（P＜0．05）,观察组血清HA、LN、PCⅢ、CⅣ显著低于对照组（ P＜0．05）。结论恩替卡韦联合复方鳖甲软肝片治疗肝纤维疗效更佳,通过ARFI检测可以有效的评价治疗方法,指导治疗,对于进一步提高肝纤维治疗效果有积极意义,值得在临床上进行推广应用。     

生姜油治疗大鼠肝纤维化实验研究

目的研究生姜油对肝脏的保护作用。方法通过皮下注射四氯化碳复制慢性肝纤维化模型,观察生姜油的抗肝纤维化作用。采用比色法测定丙氨酸转氨酶(ALT)、天冬氨酸转氨酶(AST)、血清总蛋白(TP)和白蛋白(Alb)含量,酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)法测定血清透明质酸(HA)和层黏连蛋白(LN)含量,光镜观察急性肝损伤和慢性肝纤维化肝组织的形态学改变。结果生姜油可显著降低皮下注射四氯化碳致大鼠慢性肝纤维化的ALT和AST水平(P<0.05,P<0.01);明显降低肝纤维化大鼠血清HA和LN含量(P<0.01);明显升高肝纤维化大鼠TP、Alb水平(P<0.01);光镜下生姜油给药组与模型组比较,可抑制慢性肝纤维化时肝假小叶的形成和胶原纤维沉积(P<0.05,P<0.01)。结论生姜油可抑制四氯化碳造成的大鼠慢性肝纤维化形成。     

Pharmacological treatment of COVID-19: an opinion paper

The precocity and efficacy of the vaccines developed so far against COVID-19 has been the most significant and saving advance against the pandemic. The development of vaccines has not prevented, during the whole period of the pandemic, the constant search for therapeutic medicines, both among existing drugs with different indications and in the development of new drugs. The Scientific Committee of the COVID-19 of the Illustrious College of Physicians of Madrid wanted to offer an early, simplified and critical approach to these new drugs, to new developments in immunotherapy and to what has been learned from the immune response modulators already known and which have proven effective against the virus, in order to help understand the current situation.     

Efficacy of gut lavage,hemodialysis, and hemoperfusion in the therapy of paraquat or diquat intoxication

Clinical and in vitro investigations were carried out to test the efficacy of gut lavage, hemodialysis, and hemoperfusion in the treatment of poisoning with paraquat or diquat. In a patient suffering from diquat intoxication 130 times more diquat was removed by gut lavage 30 h after ingestion than was removed by complete aspiration of the gastric contents.Determination of in vitro clearances for paraquat and diquat by hemodialysis showed that, at serum concentrations of 1–2 ppm, such as are frequently encountered in poisoning in man, toxicologically relevant quantities of herbicide cannot be removed from the body. At a concentration of 20 ppm, on the other hand, hemodialysis proved to be effective, the clearance being 70 ml/min at a blood flow rate of 100 ml/min. The efficacy of hemoperfusion with coated activated charcoal was on the whole better. Especially at concentrations around 1–2 ppm, the clearance values for hemoperfusion were some 5–7 times higher than those for hemodialysis.In a patient suffering from paraquat poisoning, both hemodialysis as well as hemoperfusion were carried out. The in vitro results could be confirmed: At serum concentrations of paraquat less than 1 ppm no clearance could be obtained by hemodialysis while by hemoperfusion with activated charcoal quite high clearance values were measured and the serum level dropped down to zero.

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Zusammenfassung Klinische Untersuchungen und Laboratoriumsversuche wurden durchgeführt, um die Wirksamkeit von Darmspülung, Hämodialyse und Hämoperfusion bei Paraquat- und Deiquat-Vergiftungen zu prüfen.Bei einem Patienten wurde 30 Std nach Deiquat-Aufnahme durch Darmspülung 130mal mehr Deiquat entfernt als durch vollständige Aspiration des Mageninhaltes. In vitro-Versuche ergaben, daß bei Blutserumkonzentrationen von 1–2 ppm, die bei Vergiftungen oft gemessen werden, durch Hämodialyse keine toxikologisch relevanten Paraquat- oder Deiquat-Mengen entfernt werden können. Dagegen erwies sich die Hämodialyse bei 20 ppm und einer Blutumlaufgeschwindigkeit von 100 ml/min mit einer Clearance von 70 ml/min als wirksam. Die Hämoperfusion mit beschicheter Aktivkohle war in diesen Versuchen aber eindeutig überlegen, denn insbesondere bei Konzentrationen um 1–2 ppm waren die Clearance-Werte 5–7mal höher als bei der Hämodialyse.Die in vitro-Ergebnisse wurden bei einem Patienten mit einer Paraquat-Vergiftung bestätigt: Bei Konzentrationen unter 1 ppm war die Hämodialyse wirkungslos, während durch Hämoperfusion relativ hohe Clearance-Werte erreicht wurden, so daß der Serumspiegel rasch unter die Nachweisgrenze abfiel.

     

In vitro studies on sterically stabilized liposomes (SL) as enzyme carriers in organophosphorus (OP) antagonism

This study describes a new approach for organophosphorous (OP) antidotal treatment by encapsulating an OP hydrolyzing enzyme, OPA anhydrolase (OPAA), within sterically stabilized liposomes. The recombinant OPAA enzyme was derived from Alteromonas strain JD6. It has broad substrate specificity to a wide range of OP compounds: DFP and the nerve agents, soman and sarin. Liposomes encapsulating OPAA (SL)* were made by mechanical dispersion method. Hydrolysis of DFP by (SL)* was measured by following an increase of fluoride ion concentration using a fluoride ion selective electrode. OPAA entrapped in the carrier liposomes rapidly hydrolyze DFP, with the rate of DFP hydrolysis directly proportional to the amount of (SL)* added to the solution. Liposomal carriers containing no enzyme did not hydrolyze DFP. The reaction was linear and the rate of hydrolysis was first order in the substrate. This enzyme carrier system serves as a biodegradable protective environment for the recombinant OP-metabolizing enzyme, OPAA, resulting in prolongation of enzymatic concentration in the body. These studies suggest that the protection of OP intoxication can be strikingly enhanced by adding OPAA encapsulated within (SL)* to pralidoxime and atropine.     

Steroidal sapogenin contents in some domestic plants

In order to find out the values of the steroid resources for the future use. the compositions and contents of steroidal sapogenins from 13 domestic plants have been investigated. As a result,Dioscorea nipponica, D. quinqueloba andSmilax china were found to have large amount of diosgenin. And pennogenin inTrillium kamtschaticum andParis verticillata, yuccagenin inAllium fistulosum, hecogenin inAgave americana and neochlorogenin inSolanum nigum were appeared to be major steroidal sapogenins.     

Synthesis,Cytotoxicity and Antileishmanial Activity of Some N-(2-(indol-3-yl)ethyl)-7-chloroquinolin-4-amines

We report herein the condensation of 4,7-dichloroquinoline (1) with tryptamine (2) and D-tryptophan methyl ester (3) . Hydrolysis of the methyl ester adduct (5) yielded the free acid (6) . The compounds were evaluated in vitro for activity against four different species of Leishmania promastigote forms and for cytotoxic activity against Kb and Vero cells. Compound (5) showed good activity against the Leishmania species tested, while all three compounds displayed moderate activity in both Kb and Vero cells.     

Aquatic Insects and Trace Metals: Bioavailability,Bioaccumulation, and Toxicity

Abstract

The uptake of metals from food and water sources by insects is thought to be additive. For a given metal, the proportions taken up from water and food will depend both on the bioavailable concentration of the metal associated with each source and the mechanism and rate by which the metal enters the insect. Attempts to correlate insect trace metal concentrations with the trophic level of insects should be made with a knowledge of the feeding relationships of the individual taxa concerned. Pathways for the uptake of essential metals, such as copper and zinc, exist at the cellular level, and other nonessential metals, such as cadmium, also appear to enter via these routes. Within cells, trace metals can be bound to proteins or stored in granules. The internal distribution of metals among body tissues is very heterogeneous, and distribution patterns tend to be both metal and taxon specific. Trace metals associated with insects can be both bound on the surface of their chitinous exoskeleton and incorporated into body tissues. The quantities of trace meals accumulated by an individual reflect the net balance between the rate of metal influx from both dissolved and particulate sources and the rate of metal efflux from the organism. The toxicity of metals has been demonstrated at all levels of biological organization: cell, tissue, individual, population, and community. Much of the literature pertaining to the toxic effects of metals on aquatic insects is based on laboratory observations and, as such, it is difficult to extrapolate the data to insects in nature. The few experimental studies in nature suggest that trace metal contaminants can affect both the distribution and the abundance of aquatic insects. Insects have a largely unexploited potential as biomonitors of metal contamination in nature. A better understanding of the physico-chemical and biological mechanisms mediating trace metal bioavailability and exchange will facilitate the development of general predictive models relating trace metal concentrations in insects to those in their environment. Such models will facilitate the use of insects as contaminant biomonitors.