视网膜脱离手术前后的多焦视网膜电图比较

目的探讨视网膜脱离手术前后多焦视网膜电图(multifocal electroretinography, mERG)的改变及其临床应用价值。　方法应用VERIS Science ^TM4.0对18例(18只眼)裂孔源性视网膜脱离患者手术前后分别进行mERG检查,并对不同区域的mERG进行了比较。结果手术前脱离区a、b波的潜伏期比非脱离区明显延长,差异有显著性的意义(t＝4.541、t＝6.784,P<0.01),脱离区a、b波的振幅密度明显小于非脱离区,差异有显著性的意义(t=3.680、t＝4.257,P<0.01);手术后中心凹、黄斑区、黄斑外区及全测试区的a、b 波的振幅密度均比手术前明显提高(P<0.01),但是a、b波的潜伏期手术前后则无明显变化(P>0.05);手术后原脱离区a、b波的振幅密度均比术前有明显提高(P<0.05)。　结论视网膜脱离复位术后视网膜功能有一定提高,mERG是评价术后视网膜功能恢复的有用工具,振幅密度比潜伏期更敏感。(中华眼底病杂志,2001,17:264-267)     

我国正常人多焦视网膜电图的特征

目的　检测我国正常人多焦视网膜电图（electroretinogram,ERG）的特征,以探讨其正常参考值。方法　应用VERIS4.0视诱发反应图像系统检测42例(48只眼)正常人多焦ERG,检测对象年龄11～67岁,平均40.7岁。检测视野的水平视角为±26.6°,垂直视角为±22.1°,采用Burian-Allen接触镜电极,于8min(分16段)记录103个视网膜部位的反应。结果　随被检测者年龄增长,多焦ERG的N1波和P1波潜伏期延长,<50岁与≥50岁年龄组间比较差异有显著性(t值均>2.01,P值均<0.05);N1波和P1波振幅密度降低,个体间变异较大,在中央凹N1波和P1波的振幅密度最大,分别为(44.88±13.30)nV/deg     

多焦视网膜电图在视网膜病变中的应用

目的探讨和评价多焦视网膜电图(ERG)对视网膜病变的应用价值。方法应用VERIS4.0视诱发反应图像系统检测了11例(11眼)特发性黄斑裂孔,24例(25眼)视网膜脱离和15例(30眼)视网膜色素变性的多焦ERG。测试野的水平视角为±26.6°,垂直视角为±22.1°,采用Burian-Allen接触镜电极,在8min(分16段)记录103个视网膜部位的反应。结果与正常年龄组相比较,特发性黄斑裂孔,于1～2环N     

多焦视网膜电图的增龄变化

目的:探讨不同年龄正常人多焦视网膜电图(mul-ticalelectroretinogrammERG)在视网膜的分布特征,以获得正常参考值。方法:应用法国Metrovision公司生产的VisionMonitor视觉诱发系统检测20例(28眼)正常人mERG,分为2组,其中年龄≥50岁者,为10例(15眼),年龄<50岁者;为10例(13眼)。检测视野的水平视角±30°,垂直视角±23°,采用ERG-jet接触镜电极,于5min记录61个视网膜部位的反应。结果:黄斑中心凹第1环及第2环N1波、P1波、N2波的振幅密度值两组比较差异有显著意义(P<0.05),而潜伏期值P1波两组比较差异有显著意义(P<0.05)。第3、第4环N1波、P1波、N2波的潜伏期均较其他各区缩短。结论:随着年龄的增长mERG的各波振幅密度值及潜伏期值的变化,与视网膜感光细胞功能逐渐减低有关。     

挫伤眼球视功能的电生理评价

目的：研究挫伤眼球的多焦视网膜电图（MERG）改变，探讨多焦电生理检查在眼球挫伤中的应用价值。方法：视网膜挫伤患者44例47眼，应用国产多焦电生理系统国特GT2000NV进行MERG检查，对伤眼与正常眼的总体参数及各环的振幅和潜伏期进行比较。结果：受伤眼的矫正视力与中心凹区一环的b波振幅密度之间具有线性正相关关系：伤眼与正常眼之间多焦视网膜电图的a波及b波的潜伏期及一环b波振幅密度值的差异具有显著性。结论：国产多焦电生理系统能够客观反映挫伤眼球的视功能损害程度，是评价眼球挫伤患者视功能的客观有效工具。     

光凝所致糖尿病视网膜病变视网膜功能 改变的定量研究

目的探讨视网膜光凝术对糖尿病视网膜病变视网膜功能的早期影响。方法应用多焦视觉诱发反应图象系统(visual evoked response image system, VERIS )对21例30只眼Ⅲ～Ⅳ期糖尿病视网膜病变视网膜光凝术前、术后第3 d和术后第7 d的多焦视网膜电图(multifocal electroretinograms, MERG)进行了定量研究。结果与术前比较,光凝术后第3　d黄斑中央5°区域和鼻上象限N1波潜伏期显著延长,MERG各波反应密度均较术前显著降低。与接受光凝部位相应的视野鼻下象限N1波和P1波反应密度变化值大于其余三个象限,但仅在鼻下象限与颞上象限之间差异有显著性的意义。黄斑中央5°区域M ERG各波反应密度下降幅度最大,黄斑中央10°区域次之,均大于各象限。术后第3　d术眼视力的变化值与黄斑区各波反应密度的变化值呈显著的正相关。术后第7 d,MERG各波反应密度有所恢复,但N1波和P1波反应密度仍较术前降低。结论糖尿病视网膜病变视网膜光凝术后早期视网膜功能显著下降,光凝间接引起的黄斑区视网膜功能损害是术后早期部分患者中心视力下降的重要因素。(中华眼底病杂志,2001,17:181-183)     

遗传性视网膜劈裂症的多焦视网膜电图改变

目的应用多焦视网膜电图对正常对照 眼和视网膜劈裂眼进行检测并比较两者之间的差异。 方法用VERIS Science^TM 4.0视诱发反应图像系统对19例(21只眼)正常对照者和8例 (15只眼)视网膜劈裂者进行检测,并用全视野视网膜电图 (electroretinogram,ER G) 对其中3例 (6只眼) 视网膜劈裂者进行检测。结果正常对照组和视网膜劈裂组6个环形视网膜区域平均反应密度值或潜伏期比较均显示差异有非常显著性的意义,视网膜劈裂患者多焦ERG三维图皆表现为多处局部性振幅降低,中央高峰反应消失或降低,其6个环形视网膜区域反应密度值的P₁/N₁波比值不同于全视野ERG的b/a波比值。 结论多焦ERG和全视野ERG对视网膜劈裂的诊断各有其优点。(中华眼底病杂志,2001,17:268-270)     

先天性静止性夜盲的多焦ERG特征

目的探讨先天性静止性夜盲眼在不同离心度多焦视网膜电图(mERG)振幅和潜伏值改变与先天性静止性夜盲(CSNB)的关系.方法应用mERG技术对CSNB患者8人14眼进行检测,随机选用视力1.0以上、年龄匹配的正常人14眼作为对照.MERG检测选用103个六角形刺激成分,采用刺激频率75 Hz的短m序列对后极部30°视网膜进行刺激和同步记录,分析6个不同离心环一级反应的b波反应密度和a,b波潜伏值以及受刺激视网膜提取的b波反应密度和及各波潜伏值和.结果从CSNB提取的mERG反应的1环及2环的b波反应密度值与对照组相比轻度下降,但无统计学差异(P＞0.05),而3～6环各环b波反应密度值与对照组相比明显下降(P＜0.01).此外,患病组从1～6环各环提取的mERG反应的a,b波潜伏值较正常对照组严重下降(P＜0.01),且异常程度较b波反应密度值更严重.患病组后极部30°范围视网膜b波反应密度和及a,b波潜伏值和较对照组明显下降.结论MERG能客观评价CSNB局部视网膜功能损害程度,mERG潜伏值的延长较其振幅改变和心理物理学的视野检查更能揭示CSNB功能改变的特征.     

白内障超声乳化吸出术后多焦视网膜电图变化

目的:采用多焦视网膜电图(multifocalelec-troretignroam,mfERG)评价年龄相关性白内障患者行超声乳化白内障吸出术后视网膜功能的改变。方法:应用法国Metrovision公司生产的VisionMonitor视觉诱发系统检测23例23眼年龄相关性白内障超声乳化术后及8例11眼同龄正常对照眼的mfERG,检测视野的水平视角±30°,垂直视角±23°,采用ERG-jet接触镜电极,于5min记录61个视网膜部位的反应。结果:与正常对照组比较,白内障术后组mfERG的N1波潜伏期在各视网膜半区、4个象限及第2～5环延长,差异有显著性意义;P1波潜伏期在视网膜上半区、颞侧区、颞上象限、颞下象限和第2～4环延长,差异有显著性意义;N2波潜伏期在视网膜下半区、颞下象限及第2～4环明显延长,差异亦有显著性意义。术后组N2波振幅密度在视网膜颞侧区、颞上和颞下象限降低,与对照组比较差异有显著性意义。结论:白内障术后眼mfERG的一阶kernal反应有明显改变,为进一步研究白内障患者视网膜的功能提供参考。     

正常眼多焦视网膜电图特征的初步探讨

目的 :初步分析正常人眼多焦视网膜电图 (m ERG)测量值 ,并探讨正常眼视网膜后极部不同部位的电生理功能。方法 :对 19例 (2 5眼 )散瞳正常眼作多焦视网膜电图检查 ,记录 6 1个部位反应波形图 ,分析视网膜后极部不同区域的a波 (第 1个负波 )和b波 (第 1个正波 )的潜伏期、振幅值及振幅密度。结果 :视网膜后极部中心环 (第 1环 )振幅密度为最高 ,a波为 (33.92± 18.95 )nV/deg2 ,b波为 (6 8.78±19.84 )nV/deg2 ,随着离心度的增加 ,各振幅密度逐渐下降 ,差异有显著性 (P <0 .0 1)。a波及b波潜伏期、振幅及振幅密度在四个象限的差异均无显著性 (P >0 .0 5 )。结论 :多焦视网膜电图能客观、定位、定量地测定视网膜后极部不同部位的视功能 ,其测定的正常值为临床研究提供了参考数值     

Biomicroscopic study of the vitreous in eyes with macular pucker after retinal detachment surgery

The posterior vitreous condition of 43 eyes with macular pucker following retinal detachment surgery was studied using the El Bayadi-Kajiura preset lens mounted on a slit lamp. The posterior vitreous was found to be attached in one eye (2%), completely detached in 29 eyes (68%), and partially detached with residual vitreoretinal adhesion to the macular area in 13 eyes (30%). Macular pucker with partial posterior vitreous detachment was significantly more frequent (P less than .05) in eyes with refractive errors of -4 diopters or less. That condition was also accompanied by a higher incidence of dye leakage in the macular area by fluorescein angiography, a shorter time lapse between retinal detachment surgery and development of macular pucker, and a worse visual outcome than was found in eyes with complete posterior vitreous detachment.     

Retinal detachment associated with macular hole surgery: characteristics, mechanism, and outcomes.

OBJECTIVE: To study the frequency, features, and outcomes of retinal detachment (RD) occurring after macular hole surgery. METHODS: Retrospective review of all cases of macular hole surgery. Cases with postoperative RD were identified for study. Outcome measures included baseline demographic and ocular characteristics, RD features, surgical procedure, macular hole status, and final visual and anatomic outcomes. RESULTS: Retinal detachment occurred in 8 (1.8%) of 438 eyes undergoing macular hole surgery. The rate of RD was 3.5% early in the course of the surgeon's experience (first 200 cases) and 0.4% later in the surgeon's experience (after 200 cases) (P = 0.026). Two of the eight eyes with RD had undergone previous macular hole surgery. All six primary cases occurred after repair of stage 3 macular holes, which had involved peeling of the posterior cortical face. The RD involved the inferior quadrants in seven eyes and the macula in two eyes. The pathogenic retinal break was in the equatorial region in four eyes, was anterior to the equator in two eyes, and remained undetermined in two eyes. The retina was attached and the macular hole was closed in all cases at the final follow-up examination (mean 30 months). The macular hole reopened 2 years following successful reattachment of the RD in one eye. Final visual acuity was > or =20/60 in four eyes and <20/200 in one eye. CONCLUSION: Retinal detachment after macular hole surgery is uncommon, and may be related to posterior cortical vitreous stripping. Early detection of RD minimizes adverse visual and anatomic outcomes.     

The multifocal electroretinogram in retinal detachment

We evaluated the retinal electrophysiologic function in both the detached and attached areas of eyes with retinal detachment, and assessed the functional recovery of these areas after surgery by quantifying the results, obtained from multifocal electroretinograms. Multifocal electroretinographic recordings and central 0°, to 30°, visual field tests were performed preoperatively and 2 weeks 1, 3 and 6 months postoperatively in 12 patients with unilateral retinal detachment. Each patient's response to the multifocal electroretinogram and the visual field test was classified into two groups: group A, the response from the attached area; and group B, that from the detached retinal area. Individual mean deviation and percentage mean deviation were calculated for each group. All retinal detachments were successfully reattached by the conventional scleral buckling method. The retinal sensitivity in the visual field test of all the patients in group B greatly improved. However, the percentage mean deviation in the response density of the multifocal electroretinogram in group B was −81% preoperatively and −63% at 6 months postoperatively. Thus, the improvement was confined within narrow limits. The response density of the multifocal electroretinogram in group A was very low, and never improved beyond −50% of percentage mean deviation. In the eyes with retinal detachment, electroretinogram response in both the attached and detached areas was more disturbed, than predicted by means of the visual field test during the course of this study.     

Visual and anatomical outcomes after silicone oil removal in patients with complex retinal detachment

To evaluate outcomes of temporary silicone oil (SO) tamponade in patients with complex retinal detachment. A retrospective study of 184 eyes of 177 consecutive patients who underwent SO removal (SOR) by one surgeon between 2000 and 2010. Indications for the use of SO were proliferative vitreoretinopathy (56 eyes), difficult rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD) (58 eyes), diabetic traction retinal detachment (DTRD) (29 eyes), RRD due to macular hole in highly myopic eyes (16 eyes), giant retinal tears (13 eyes), and RRD after penetrating trauma (12 eyes). All eyes underwent prophylactic 360° laser retinopexy and encircling buckle at the time of primary surgery. The mean duration of SO tamponade was 47 weeks, with a mean follow-up of 66.9 weeks after SOR. Anatomical success after SOR was achieved in 96.73 %. Final visual outcome of ≥20/200 was significantly higher in eyes with RRD compared to eyes with DTRD. Young age (≤16 years), performance of pars plana lensectomy at primary procedure and presence of pseudophakia at last follow-up were factors associated with good visual outcome in eyes with RRD. Factors predicting attached retina at last follow-up were older age (>16 years), normal intraocular pressure (IOP) at initial presentation and no relaxing retinotomy performed during the primary procedure in eyes with RRD. Complications were cataract (100 %) in phakic eyes, increased IOP (15.7 %), keratopathy (3.8 %), and hypotony (2.1 %). The low redetachment rate after SOR in the present study might be due to prophylactic 360° retinopexy and use of encircling buckles at time of primary retinal reattachment.     

多焦视网膜电图在糖尿病视网膜病变不同病期诊断的应用

目的：评价多焦视网膜电图（ＭＥＲＧ）在糖尿病性视网膜病变（ＤＲ）不同期诊断的应用价值。方法：对２４名（３５眼）正常人及６３名（９６眼）糖尿病患者分别进行眼科常规检查、眼压测定、眼底荧光血管造影（ＦＦＡ）、Ｏｃｔｏｐｕｓ视野及ＭＥＲＧ检测,并对ＭＥＲＧ与视野进行相关性分析,对比ＭＥＲＧ与其他视网膜功能检查方法的异常检出率。结果：ＭＥＲＧ总反应波的Ｐ１波反应密度在临床未见ＤＲ（ＮＤＲ）的糖尿病患者低于     

兔视网膜脱离后出现神经感觉层细胞凋亡

目的:研究实验性视网膜脱离(retinal detachment,RD)及脱离复位后神经感觉层细胞凋亡情况,探讨RD后视功能损害的机制为临床治疗提供理论基础。方法:健康成年无眼部疾病青紫兰兔40只,采用计算机随机数字表法分为RD后1,3h;1,3,7,14,28d组及正常对照组,共8组,每组5只,选取右眼为致伤眼,视网膜下注射透明质酸钠建立RD模型;分别于建立模型后按时获取兔眼标本,以TUNEL法观察视网膜神经感觉层细胞的凋亡情况。结果:视网膜脱离复位后存在着神经感觉层细胞凋亡现象,正常对照组、14d和28d组几乎不见凋亡细胞,脱离后1,3h;3,7d组在视网膜各细胞层均出现较多的、具有凋亡形态学与生化改变特征的凋亡细胞,其中在3d组视网膜感觉层细胞凋亡细胞数量达到高峰。视网膜神经感觉层凋亡细胞数目在1,3h;3,7d组之间两两比较均有显著性差异(P<0.01);1,3h;3,7d组与正常对照组、1h;1,28d组之间两两比较均有显著性差异(P<0.01);正常对照组、1h;14,28d组之间两两比较无显著性差异。结论:RD复位后,神经感觉层细胞发生凋亡。     

影响孔源性视网膜脱离术后视力的因素分析

目的:探讨孔源性视网膜脱离(rhegmatogenous retinalde-tachment,RRD)术后视力的恢复情况及其影响因素。方法:回顾性分析我院眼科2002-01/2007-10期间,以孔源性视网膜脱离为第一诊断并经手术治疗视网膜复位成功的病历资料,共99例102眼。其中采用巩膜外路手术81眼、玻璃体联合视网膜手术21眼。观察RRD患者的发病年龄、视网膜脱离范围、视网膜脱离时间、增生性玻璃体视网膜病变(proliferative vitreoretinopathy,PVR)程度、黄斑状态、屈光状态、裂孔位置、手术前后视力、术后裂孔封闭及视网膜复位情况,用卡方检验对不同年龄、视网膜脱离范围、视网膜脱离时间、PVR分级、黄斑状态及屈光状态的患者术后视力变化情况进行分析,根据结果选择差异有统计学意义的因素进行Spearman等级相关检验。结果:视网膜复位术后视力提高53眼(52.0%),视力不变33眼(32.3%),视力下降16眼(15.7%)。不同PVR分级、黄斑状态、视网膜脱离范围、视网膜脱离时间及年龄的术后视力恢复情况有显著差别(P<0.05),不同屈光状态的术后视力恢复情况无明显差别。对上述因素进行Spearman等级相关检验,发现上述术前因素与术后视力关联程度从大到小为:PVR分级(rs=-0.521,P=0.000)、黄斑是否脱离(rs=-0.446,P=0.000)、视网膜脱离时间(rs=-0.423,P=0.000)、视网膜脱离范围(rs=-0.411,P=0.000)、患者年龄(rs=-0.267,P=0.007)。结论:RRD患者的术后视力恢复与术前PVR分级、黄斑状态、视网膜脱离时间、视网膜脱离范围、年龄有关,其中术前PVR分级、黄斑状态、视网膜脱离时间对术后视力的恢复影响最为显著。     

Tomographic features and surgical outcomes of vitreomacular traction syndrome

PURPOSE: To study the relation between preoperative macular changes and surgical outcomes in vitreomacular traction syndrome. DESIGN: Prospective study. METHODS: We prospectively examined 14 eyes of 13 patients (aged 48 to 82 years; mean 66.1) with vitreomacular traction syndrome using optical coherence tomography (OCT) before and after vitreous surgery. RESULTS: OCT demonstrated two types of partial posterior vitreous detachment: incomplete V-shaped detachment in 10 eyes (group 1) and partial detachment temporal to the fovea but attached nasally in 4 eyes (group 2). Preoperative OCT showed foveal retinal detachment in all eyes in group 1; the detached retina was intact in 2 eyes and edematous with (6 eyes) or without (2 eyes) cystic changes. After surgery, these 10 eyes had a normal foveal configuration accompanied by visual improvement. In group 2, 3 of the 4 eyes had prominent cystoid macular edema (CME) without foveal retinal detachment before surgery. After surgery, 2 eyes developed a full-thickness macular hole, 1 had persistent CME, and 1 developed macular atrophy. The visual acuity decreased in 2 eyes and remained the same in 2 eyes. CONCLUSIONS: Two types of vitreous traction develop in vitreomacular traction syndrome: an incomplete V-shaped posterior vitreous detachment that leads to foveal retinal detachment, the surgical outcome of which is favorable, and partial posterior vitreous detachment temporal to the fovea in which prominent CME developed, which may result in a macular hole or macular atrophy postoperatively.