脊柱原发恶性外周神经鞘膜瘤的诊断与治疗

目的:探讨脊柱原发恶性外周神经鞘膜瘤(malignant peripheral nerve sheat tumor,MPNST)的诊断和治疗方法。方法:1998年1月~2008年1月我科收治3例表现为椎体内病变的脊柱MPNST患者,均为女性,年龄分别为24、41、42岁。从出现症状到临床确诊的时间1～12个月,平均5个月。累及胸椎1例,腰椎2例。术前均行CT引导下病灶穿刺活检明确诊断为MPNST。均采用肿瘤包膜外分离、分块切除术。结果:3例患者术中平均出血4000ml,平均手术时间482min,2例患者肿物完全切除,1例患者肿物次全切除。术后症状均缓解。分别于术后3、4、30个月复发,2例复发后未再行手术治疗,其中1例行序贯放疗,分别于术后5个月、11个月死亡;1例复发后3次行肿瘤刮除术,末次术后行肿瘤疫苗治疗,末次术后随访20个月无复发。结论:脊柱原发MPNST罕见,影像学表现缺乏特异性,病灶穿刺取活组织行组织学及免疫组化检查是术前诊断的主要方法。手术可以缓解症状,但易复发,放疗对控制肿瘤复发效果不确切。     

射频消融联合外科手术治疗脊柱转移瘤临床报道

目的探讨射频消融术(RFA)联合外科病灶刮除术在治疗脊柱转移瘤方面的临床价值。方法对26例脊柱转移瘤患者32个病变椎体采用RFA联合外科后路椎体病灶刮除减压内固定术比较患者术前、术后1周、3个月、6个月、1年的JOA、VAS及Oswestry疼痛评分(2.0版本),对患者手术前后病灶磁共振成像的扫描结果进行对比。结果术中未出现死亡者,且术后未出现瘫痪的加重患者。术后随访中(时间为8-20个月,平均12.8个月),术前腰背部疼痛程度JOA评分较术前显著提高,VAS评分及Oswestry评分较术前显著降低,比较差异有统计学意义,术后3个月磁共振成像检查总显效率为72.9%。结论射频消融术(RFA)联合外科手术可缩短手术时间、减少出血、减轻术后疼痛、降低术后复发率,获得较好的治疗效果,值得临床借鉴。     

胫骨造釉细胞瘤手术方法选择

目的:探讨胫骨造釉细胞瘤手术方法选择的应用价值。方法:胫骨造釉细胞瘤患者5例,男4例,女1例;年龄14~61岁,平均37.8岁。5例行手术治疗,先后多次复发。早期行病灶刮除、自体骨、异体骨或人工骨植骨术,全部复发。复发后又先后行瘤段切除、自体游离腓骨移植术,瘤段切除、异体骨移植术。最终4例行截肢术。结果:术后随访10个月~3年,平均12.4个月。病灶刮除植骨术后复发5例,3例再行瘤段切除、自体游离腓骨髂骨移植术,其中2例复发;2例再行瘤段切除、异体骨移植术,均复发。复发的4例均采取截肢治疗。出现肺转移1例,行肺转移灶切除术;出现骨转移1例,行髋关节离断术,随访末期死亡0例。结论:虽然胫骨造釉细胞瘤有很高的复发率,但经过积极正确的手术方法治疗,预后尚好。     

股骨头颈部肿瘤及瘤样病变的手术治疗

目的探讨股骨头颈部肿瘤及瘤样病变的手术治疗效果.方法对19例股骨头颈部瘤样病变及良性肿瘤患者行病灶刮除＋自体髂骨植骨术.结果 19例均获随访,时间1年3个月～4年,平均2.7年.患者术后6～9个月植骨融合,无股骨头坏死或塌陷,肿瘤无复发征象.结论对股骨头颈部良性肿瘤及瘤样病变采用病灶清除＋植骨可取得良好效果.     

超声引导下射频消融治疗肝转移瘤的疗效观察

目的评价超声引导下射频消融（RFA）治疗结直肠癌肝转移瘤（MLC）的疗效。方法采用超声引导下RFA治疗结直肠癌MLC患者60例134个病灶,其中91个病灶≤3.0 cm,43个〉3.0 cm。术前39例血清癌胚抗原（CEA）增高,21例正常。采用CEUS检查结合增强CT、穿刺活检及CEA值的动态变化综合评价肿瘤治疗效果。结果术后3个月复查CEA,37例增高,23例正常。术后30 min CEUS检查显示127个射频消融病灶呈无灌注区,近期有效率达94.78%（127/134）。术后1个月CEUS检查显示8个病灶局部增强,考虑复发,经超声引导下穿刺活检及细胞学检查证实而行第2次治疗。术后1个月增强CT复查显示126个（126/134,94.03%）射频消融病灶呈无灌注区,为完全坏死的转移病灶;部分坏死病灶为8个,与CEUS结果一致。结论超声引导下RFA是治疗MLC的一种安全有效的局部微创治疗方法。     

四肢长骨骨巨细胞瘤手术治疗

目的比较不同手术方法治疗四肢长骨骨巨细胞瘤的临床效果。方法回顾分析1998年11月至2006年4月手术治疗的37例四肢长骨骨巨细胞瘤。结果37例患者均获得随访，随访时间8个月至7年2个月，平均2年11个月。病灶刮除＋酒精灭活＋骨水泥填充术21例，肿瘤复发3例；病灶刮除＋酒精灭活＋骨水泥填充植骨术12例，肿瘤复发3例；瘤段切除人工假体置换术4例，肿瘤复发0例。病灶刮除组总复发率18．2％，瘤段切除组织复发率为0。结论病灶刮除＋酒精灭活＋骨水泥填充术和肿瘤瘤段切除术均是治疗骨巨细胞瘤的可靠方法。     

胫骨造釉细胞瘤手术方法选择

目的:探讨胫骨造釉细胞瘤手术方法选择的应用价值。方法:胫骨造釉细胞瘤患者5例,男4例,女1例;年龄14⁶1岁,平均37.8岁。5例行手术治疗,先后多次复发。早期行病灶刮除、自体骨、异体骨或人工骨植骨术,全部复发。复发后又先后行瘤段切除、自体游离腓骨移植术,瘤段切除、异体骨移植术。最终4例行截肢术。结果:术后随访10个月³年,平均12.4个月。病灶刮除植骨术后复发5例,3例再行瘤段切除、自体游离腓骨髂骨移植术,其中2例复发;2例再行瘤段切除、异体骨移植术,均复发。复发的4例均采取截肢治疗。出现肺转移1例,行肺转移灶切除术;出现骨转移1例,行髋关节离断术,随访末期死亡0例。结论:虽然胫骨造釉细胞瘤有很高的复发率,但经过积极正确的手术方法治疗,预后尚好。     

经皮椎体后凸成形术联合射频消融术治疗脊柱转移瘤的临床疗效分析

目的 探讨经皮椎体后凸成形术（percutaneous kyphoplasty,PKP）联合射频消融术（radiofrequency ablation,RFA）治疗脊柱转移肿瘤的安全性与临床疗效.方法 2011年1月～2012年3月,对21例脊柱转移瘤28个椎体行PKP联合RFA治疗,采用术前、术后当天、1周视觉疼痛评分（VAS）和患者术前后服用止痛药的剂量对临床效果进行评价.结果 术后疼痛均缓解,术前VAS评分（7.5±0.5）分,术后当天VAS评分（3.0±0.5）分,术后1周VAS评分（4.0±0.5）分,术前后比较有显著性差异（F=446.67,P=0.000）.术中每个椎体填充骨水泥3.0～7.5 ml,平均4.5 ml.术后无皮肤灼伤、血管神经损伤等并发症.1例术后并发肺部感染死亡,余20例均入住肿瘤科行放疗及化疗.20例术后3个月VAS评分（4.5±0.5）分,15例术后6个月VAS评分（5.0±0.5）分.结论 PKP联合RFA对脊柱转移瘤具有良好的止痛效果,增强脊柱的稳定性.     

手术切除联合射频消融治疗多发性肝癌合并肝硬化

目的探讨手术切除联合射频消融(radiofrequencyablation,RFA)治疗多发性肝癌合并肝硬化的可行性及疗效。方法2003年8月~2006年1月我院收治多发性肝癌合并肝硬化18例,术前经超声、螺旋CT或MRI共发现瘤体46个,其中2个病灶10例,3个病灶6例,4个病灶2例,全麻下距瘤体2cm做包括瘤体的不规则肝段切除、次病灶RFA治疗。结果18例均顺利完成手术切除及RFA治疗。同时行胆囊切除术2例,脾切除及食管胃底周围血管离断术1例。手术切除时间(37.4±8.8)min;单个病灶RFA时间(25.6±8.9)min,总RFA时间(39.8±14.7)min;总手术时间(152.6±30.8)min;总术中出血量(465.6±171.0)ml。未出现腹腔出血、胃肠道损伤、膈肌损伤及肝功能衰竭等严重并发症。术后1个月螺旋CT增强扫描证实,18例手术切除边缘未见残余肿瘤组织,RFA治疗病灶均完全坏死。随访6~31个月,5例发现肝内新病灶,采用经皮RFA进行治疗,其中1例术后15个月死于肝内再复发及肺转移;2例分别于术后7、16个月死于肝功能衰竭。结论手术切除联合RFA治疗多发性肝癌合并肝硬化安全可行,近期治疗效果肯定,最大程度保存受损的肝功能,但应根据病灶的位置及肝功能的状况选择合适的病人进行治疗。     

脊柱原发肿瘤术后复发的早期诊断及再手术的意义

目的 探讨脊柱原发肿瘤术后复发的早期诊断并及时再手术治疗的意义。方法对1989年3月至2005年9月以大块切除及刮除的方式实施全椎切除、全椎体切除或全椎弓切除治疗骨巨细胞瘤、骨母细胞瘤、软骨肉瘤和脊索瘤55例患者的相关临床资料进行分析。结果55例患者中,43例（78．2％）获得完整随访资料。随访时间1．6～16．5年,平均随访5．8年。34例患者术后按要求定期复查,发现肿瘤复发12例,1例术后3个月复查时发现肿瘤复发且范围广泛,行姑息刮除手术,最后一次复查时带瘤生存。11例患者肿瘤范围局限,再次实施肿瘤彻底切除手术,术后6例患者随访1～9．5年未见肿瘤复发;1例患者术后半年发现复发,但因经济困难放弃手术,最后一次复查时带瘤生存;另外4例患者再手术后又多次复发,经反复切除,除1例患者死于其他系统疾病以外,其余3例患者于最后一次术后随访1～3年肿瘤无复发。未定期复查者9例,待出现症状再行检查时均发现肿瘤复发且病灶范围广泛。其中2例因发生在相对容易显露的部位,实施彻底切除后继续随访1年和6．8年肿瘤无复发。余下7例仅实施姑息性刮除手术,至末次随访时均已死亡。结论术后定期复查、早期发现肿瘤复发并及时再次手术是脊柱肿瘤外科治疗的重要方法,有助于肿瘤的长期控制,延长患者生存时间。     

射频消融联合经皮椎体成形术治疗脊柱转移瘤

目的探讨射频消融(RFA)联合经皮椎体成形术(PVP)治疗脊柱转移瘤的临床疗效。方法将62例脊柱转移瘤患者按治疗方法不同分为对照组(行单纯PVP治疗,30例)和观察组(行RFA联合PVP治疗,32例)。比较两组疼痛VAS评分、ODI、KPS评分、骨水泥渗漏率。结果患者均获得随访,时间3~12个月。两组术后各时间点VAS评分、ODI、KPS评分均明显优于术前(P<0.05);术后7 d及1、3个月VAS评分及ODI观察组均明显低于对照组(P<0.05);骨水泥渗漏率观察组明显低于对照组(P<0.05)。结论RFA联合PVP较单纯PVP治疗脊柱转移瘤能更有效地缓解患者疼痛、减轻其功能障碍并降低骨水泥的渗漏率。     

射频消融联合经皮椎体后凸成形术治疗脊柱转移癌的临床初步研究

目的 初步探讨射频消融(radiofrequency ablation,RFA)联合经皮椎体后凸成形术(percu-taneous kyphoplasty,PKP)治疗脊柱转移癌的临床疗效.方法 对2013年9月至2015年9月于广元市中心医院骨科行RFA联合PKP治疗脊柱转移癌的18例(24椎)病人的临床资料进行回顾性分析,比较其术前、术后1 d、1周及1、2、3、6个月的疼痛视觉模拟量表(visual analogue scales,VAS)评分、日本骨科协会(Japanese Orthopaedic Association,JOA)评估治疗分数、罗兰-莫里斯生活障碍问卷(Rolando-Morris dis-ability questionnaire,RMDQ)评分,同时通过术后随访复查的X线片,测量椎体前缘高度,记录骨水泥渗漏情况.结果 全部病人术后24 h内疼痛明显缓解,技术成功率为100%,均得到3个月以上随访,平均随访时间为5.2个月.术后3个月,9例(50.0%)疼痛完全缓解,7例(38.9%)止痛药用量减少或止痛药级别降低,2例(11.1%)止痛药维持原量.治疗后(术后1 d、1周及1、2、3、6个月)的VAS、JOA、RMDQ评分及椎体前缘高度均较治疗前显著改善,差异均有统计学意义(P均<0.05).结论 RFA联合PKP可明显提高病人生活质量,手术方式安全,对脊柱转移癌病人微创、有效.     

Combined Resection and Radiofrequency Ablation for Advanced Hepatic Malignancies: Results in 172 Patients

Background: Resection combined with radiofrequency ablation (RFA) is a novel approach in patients who are otherwise unresectable. The objective of this study was to investigate the safety and efficacy of hepatic resection combined with RFA.Methods: Patients with multifocal hepatic malignancies were treated with surgical resection combined with RFA. All patients were followed prospectively to assess complications, treatment response, and recurrence.Results: Seven hundred thirty seven tumors in 172 patients were treated (124 with colorectal metastases; 48 with noncolorectal metastases). RFA was used to treat 350 tumors. Combined modality treatment was well tolerated with low operative times and minimal blood loss. The postoperative complication rate was 19.8% with a mortality rate of 2.3%. At a median follow-up of 21.3 months, tumors had recurred in 98 patients (56.9%). Failure at the RFA site was uncommon (2.3%). A combined total number of tumors treated with resection and RFA >10 was associated with a faster time to recurrence (P = .02). The median actuarial survival time was 45.5 months. Patients with noncolorectal metastases and those with less operative blood loss had an improved survival (P = .03 and P = .04, respectively), whereas radiofrequency ablating a lesion >3 cm adversely impacted survival (HR = 1.85, P = .04).Conclusions: Resection combined with RFA provides a surgical option to a group of patients with liver metastases who traditionally are unresectable, and may increase long-term survival.     

射频消融辅助椎体次全切除术在脊柱转移瘤中的应用

 目的探讨射频消融(radiofrequency ablation, RFA)辅助椎体次全切除术治疗脊柱转移瘤的安全性和临床疗效。方法 2009年 4月至 2010年 3月采用椎体次全切除术治疗并获得随访的脊柱转移瘤患者 29例。 RFA辅助椎体次全切除术(RFA辅助组)13例,男 7例,女 6例; 年龄 47~72岁,平均 58.3岁。椎体次全切除术(单纯切除组)16例,男 7例,女 9例; 年龄 46~71岁,平均 57.8岁。两组年龄、性别、Tomita分型差异无统计学意义。术后 1个月及 6个月评估疼痛视觉模拟评分(visual analogue scale, VAS),术后 6个月评估 Frankel脊髓损伤分级。结果 RFA辅助组术前、术后 1个月、6个月 VAS分别为(8.88±0.36)、( 3.76±0.33)、( 3.35±0.38)分,单纯切除组分别为(8.96±0.39)、( 3.81±0.48)、( 3.41± 0.42)分,术后 1个月、6个月与术前比较差异均有统计学意义,两组间差异均无统计学意义。 RFA辅助组手术时间、术中出血量、复发率分别为(216.54±113.77) min、(1084.62±539.82) ml、30.8%,单纯切除组分别为(302.50±80.44) min、(1625.00±724.34) ml、75.0%,差异均有统计学意义。两组 Frankel脊髓损伤分级与术前比较平均改善 1级。结论应用 RFA辅助能够缩短椎体次全切除术的手术时间,减少术中出血量和降低复发率。     

Radiofrequency ablation treatment of refractory carcinoid hepatic metastases

BACKGROUND: Our institution has experienced excellent success using hepatic artery embolization for treating symptoms and slowing tumor progression for patients with unresectable hepatic metastases for carcinoid tumors. Our previous treatment strategies used hepatic artery embolization alone, examining control of symptoms and dependence on octreotide therapy. However, some patients exhibit hepatic metastases that are unresponsive to embolization. This report describes the use of radiofrequency ablation (RFA) as salvage treatment for these refractory metastases. METHODS: Thirteen patients with unresectable bilobar hepatic metastases from biochemically confirmed carcinoid tumors were treated with selective hepatic artery embolization using Lipiodol/Gelfoam between 1994 and 2000. Three patients developed symptoms resistant to embolization treatment resulting from progression of existing metastases or development of new metastases. These patients underwent surgical exploration and intraoperative ultrasound of their refractory lesions, followed by treatment with RFA. Tumor size, symptoms of carcinoid syndrome, and octreotide requirements were monitored postoperatively. RESULTS: Median follow-up for the three patients treated with RFA was 6 months. During the first 3-month interval following RFA, all three patients demonstrated decrease in the size of treated lesions. Using our previously developed symptom scoring system, all three patients demonstrated decreased symptoms following treatment. One patient was able to discontinue octreotide treatment, and the other two patients required decrease octreotide dosages. CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrates that utilization of RFA treatment for carcinoid metastases refractory to hepatic artery embolization may represent a useful adjunct for symptomatic control, decreased octreotide dependence, and slowing of disease progression.     

Radiofrequency ablation and percutaneous ethanol injection treatment for recurrent local and distant well-differentiated thyroid carcinoma

OBJECTIVE: To assess the long-term efficacy of radiofrequency ablation (RFA) and percutaneous ethanol (EtOH) injection treatment of local recurrence or focal distant metastases of well-differentiated thyroid cancer (WTC). BACKGROUND: RFA and EtOH injection techniques are new minimally invasive surgical alternatives for treatment of recurrent WTC. We report our experience and long-term follow-up results using RFA or EtOH ablation in treating local recurrence and distant focal metastases from WTC. METHODS: Twenty patients underwent treatment of biopsy-proven recurrent WTC in the neck. Sixteen of these patients had lesions treated by ultrasound-guided RFA (mean size, 17.0 mm; range, 8-40 mm), while 6 had ultrasound-guided EtOH injection treatment (mean size, 11.4 mm; range, 6-15 mm). Four patients underwent RFA treatment of focal distant metastases from WTC. Three of these patients had CT-guided RFA of bone metastases (mean size, 40.0 mm; range, 30-60 mm), and 1 patient underwent RFA for a solitary lung metastasis (size, 27 mm). Patients were then followed with routine ultrasound, I whole body scan, and/or serum thyroglobulin levels for recurrence at the treatment site. RESULTS: No recurrent disease was detected at the treatment site in 14 of the 16 patients treated with RFA and in all 6 patients treated with EtOH injection at a mean follow-up of 40.7 and 18.7 months, respectively. Two of the 3 patients treated for bone metastases are free of disease at the treatment site at 44 and 53 months of follow-up, respectively. The patient who underwent RFA for a solitary lung metastasis is free of disease at the treatment site at 10 months of follow-up. No complications were experienced in the group treated by EtOH injection, while 1 minor skin burn and 1 permanent vocal cord paralysis occurred in the RFA treatment group. CONCLUSIONS: RFA and EtOH ablation show promise as alternatives to surgical treatment of recurrent WTC in patients with difficult reoperations. Further long-term follow-up studies are necessary to determine the precise role these therapies should play in the treatment of recurrent WTC.     

结直肠癌切除同期射频消融联合化疗治疗肝转移

目的：探讨结直肠癌切除同期射频消融联合化疗治疗肝转移的临床疗效。方法：对39例病人先行原发肿瘤的切除，同期行射频消融联合化疗治疗肝转移，以螺旋CT增强扫描为主结合彩超综合评价治疗效果。结果：39例共82个肝转移病灶，完全坏死率85％。随访时间〉6个月者3l例，生存27例；随访时间〉12个月11例，生存8例。结论：结直肠癌切除同期射频消融联合化疗治疗肝转移的疗效较好，值得临床推广。     

Percutaneous radiofrequency ablation of pulmonary metastases in patients with colorectal cancer

INTRODUCTION: This study aimed to assess the safety and efficacy of imaging-guided percutaneous radiofrequency ablation (RFA) for local control of lung metastases from colorectal cancer (CRC). METHODS: Twenty patients with lung metastases from CRC were treated with a RITA Starburst XL electrode and RITA 1500 generator using temperature control and impedance monitoring. Patients received intravenous sedation and analgesia, or local anaesthetic, and stayed in hospital for at least 24 h after treatment. RFA was assessed with computed tomography (CT) at 1 week and 1 month, and then every 3 months. RESULTS: Forty-four CRC lung metastases in 19 patients were treated successfully at 25 treatment sessions. Five of 19 patients were retreated for new lesions. There were 13 pneumothoraces following the 25 treatments, and six patients required drainage. The median length of follow-up was 730 (range 148-924) days. Six months after treatment CT demonstrated that three lesions had progressed, 25 metastases were stable or smaller, and 11 were no longer visible. At 12 months five metastases had progressed, 11 were smaller or stable, and nine were not visible. CONCLUSION: Percutaneous imaging-guided RFA was associated with modest morbidity. RFA can achieve local control of CRC lung metastases: nine of 25 metastases were not visible on CT at 12 months after treatment.     

Surgical strategy for spinal metastases

STUDY DESIGN: A new surgical strategy for treatment of patients with spinal metastases was designed, and 61 patients were treated based on this strategy. OBJECTIVES: To propose a new surgical strategy for the treatment of patients with spinal metastases. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: A preoperative score composed of six parameters has been proposed by Tokuhashi et al for the prognostic assessment of patients with metastases to the spine. Their scoring system was designed for deciding between excisional or palliative procedures. Recently, aggressive surgery, such as total en bloc spondylectomy for spinal metastases, has been advocated for selected patients. Surgical strategies should include various treatments ranging from wide or marginal excision to palliative treatment with hospice care. METHODS: Sixty-seven patients with spinal metastases who had been treated from 1987-1991 were reviewed, and prognostic factors were evaluated retrospectively (phase 1). A new scoring system for spinal metastases that was designed based on these data consists of three prognostic factors: 1) grade of malignancy (slow growth, 1 point; moderate growth, 2 points; rapid growth, 4 points), 2) visceral metastases (no metastasis, 0 points; treatable, 2 points: untreatable, 4 points), and 3) bone metastases (solitary or isolated, 1 point; multiple, 2 points). These three factors were added together to give a prognostic score between 2-10. The treatment goal for each patient was set according to this prognostic score. The strategy for each patient was decided along with the treatment goal: a prognostic score of 2-3 points suggested a wide or marginal excision for long-term local control; 4-5 points indicated marginal or intralesional excision for middle-term local control; 6-7 points justified palliative surgery for short-term palliation; and 8-10 points indicated nonoperative supportive care. Sixty-one patients were treated prospectively according to this surgical strategy between 1993-1996 (phase 2). The extent of the spinal metastases was stratified using the surgical classification of spinal tumors, and technically appropriate and feasible surgery was performed, such as en bloc spondylectomy, piecemeal thorough excision, curettage, or palliative surgery. RESULTS: The mean survival time of the 28 patients treated with wide or marginal excision was 38.2 months (26 had successful local control). The mean survival time of the 13 patients treated with intralesional excision was 21.5 months (nine had successful local control). The mean survival time of the 11 patients treated with palliative surgery and stabilization was 10.1 months (eight had successful local control). The mean survival time of the patients with terminal care was 5.3 months. CONCLUSIONS: A new surgical strategy for spinal metastases based on the prognostic scoring system is proposed. This strategy provides appropriate guidelines for treatment in all patients with spinal metastases.     

Feasibility of adjuvant hepatic arterial infusion of chemotherapy after radiofrequency ablation with or without resection in patients with hepatic metastases from colorectal cancer

Background: The safety of combined hepatic artery infusion chemotherapy (HAI) and radiofrequency ablation (RFA) for liver metastases has not been assessed. We conducted a study to determine the feasibility of using HAI after RFA for colorectal cancer (CRC) liver metastases.Methods: Between 1996 and 2001, patients with hepatic metastases from CRC were enrolled onto a prospective study of RFA plus HAI consisting of continuous-infusion floxuridine and bolus fluorouracil. Surgical complications, treatment-related toxicities, and patient outcomes were recorded.Results: Fifty patients were treated with RFA and HAI with or without resection. A median of two lesions per patient, with a median greatest diameter of 2.0 cm, were treated with RFA. Postoperative complications, including 1 death, occurred in 11 of 50 patients. Toxicity from HAI was relatively mild. At 20 months median follow-up, 32% of patients remained disease free. Ten percent of patients had recurrences at the site of RFA, 30% developed new liver metastases, and 48% developed extrahepatic disease.Conclusions:RFA of CRC liver metastases followed by HAI is feasible and is associated with acceptable complication and toxicity rates. The high rate of disease recurrence in our patients indicates that novel combinations of regional and systemic therapies are needed to improve patient outcomes.