重组人肝细胞生长因子真核表达载体的构建

目的构建重组人肝细胞生长因子(rhHGF)的真核表达载体,为后续毕赤酵母蛋白高效表达提供基础。方法根据酵母表达偏爱密码子合成rhHGFcDNA全长序列,将rhHGF和pGAPZαA质粒双酶切后行连接转化,构建穿梭载体pGAPZαA-rhHGF,并鉴定。结果重组真核表达载体pGAPZA-rhHGF经限制性内切酶分析,与理论值相符,测序结果未见碱基变异。结论成功构建了pGAPZαA-rhHGF真核表达载体,为后续毕赤酵母高效表达rhHGF蛋白提供了可行性。     

多拷贝水蛭素基因在毕赤酵母中的分泌型表达

目的:通过多拷贝克隆技术实现水蛭素(Hirudin)基因在巴斯德毕赤酵母中的高效分泌表达.方法:利用基因重组技术,从pPIC9-Hirudin中扩增α-facor-Hirudin插入到载体pA0815中,并构建pA0815-(α-Hirudin)n多拷贝重组质粒,转化毕赤酵母GS115后进行诱导表达,并鉴定表达产物活性.结果:PCR证实成功构建了水蛭素多拷贝毕赤酵母表达载体pA0815-(α-Hirudin)n,经SDS-聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳证实能成功高效分泌重组水蛭素,活性测定表明表达的水蛭素有良好的抗凝血活性.结论:成功构建了分泌型水蛭素多拷贝质粒,筛选出多拷贝稳定整合表达菌株,成功表达出具有抗凝血活性的1 600 ATU/mL重组水蛭素,为大规模表达纯化水蛭素蛋白及其临床应用奠定了基础.     

用酵母载体pPIC9k重组构建表达sCR1

目的采用酵母细胞分泌型载体pPIC9k表达人可溶性补体受体(sCR1),研究重组人sCR1融合蛋白的体外生物学活性。方法从人外周血中提取总RNA,应用RT-PCR获得人sCR1全长cDNA,然后将其克隆入毕赤酵母细胞分泌型表达载体pPIC9k中,构建含人sCR1的重组质粒(pPIC9k-sCR1),经测序鉴定正确,电转化入毕赤酵母细胞SMD1168中,将经G418抗性筛选出的重组sCR1酵母细胞株进行PCR鉴定,经甲醇诱导,表达产物经SDS-PAGE分析和Western Blot鉴定,通过Ni2+-NTA agarose亲和层析纯化后进行生物学活性鉴定。结果获得毕赤酵母细胞分泌型表达载体pPIC9k-sCR1,经G418筛选及PCR鉴定得到高拷贝整合的重组酵母细胞株,经甲醇诱导含pPIC9k-sCR1的酵母SMD1168细胞表达出重组sCR1融合蛋白。此蛋白在SDS-PAGE上表现为Mr约31000的蛋白区带,在Western Blot分析中可被sCR1的CD35单克隆单抗体(mAb)识别。经Ni2+-NTA agarose亲和层析纯化后得到较纯的sCR1融合蛋白及较高的生物学活性。结论人sCR1融合蛋白在酵母细胞表达系统中的高水平表达,并且有与人体天然蛋白相同的抗原性及其生物学活性。     

重组毕赤酵母生产干扰素α-2b的研究

目的为探求生产干扰素-α2b的方法。方法采用重组毕赤酵母发酵,纯化生产干扰素-α2b。结果重组毕赤酵母生产干扰素α-2b,产量高达70mg/L(发酵液),目标蛋白干扰素α-2b不需要复性,在纯化过程中,不需要价格昂贵的单抗柱,即可从发酵液中提取获得纯度达96%以上的目标蛋白,蛋白质比活性大于1.0×109IU/mg。结论PichiaPastoris高效酵母分泌表达系统取代大肠杆菌表达系统生产干扰素-α2b。结论采用重组毕赤酵母生产干扰素-α2b,能提高蛋白质比活性,简化生产工艺,降低生产成本。     

胞红蛋白酵母表达载体构建与表达纯化

胞红蛋白是脊椎动物珠蛋白超家族的一员,具有重要的生物学功能,已在大肠杆菌中成功表达。酵母表达系统作为常用的真核表达系统,具有外源蛋白表达蛋白量大且活性高等优点。该研究通过PCR扩增技术获得胞红蛋白编码基因并通过DNA重组技术构建并鉴定了胞红蛋白毕赤酵母分泌型表达载体CYGB-pGAPZαA。将重组载体经单酶切线性化后通过电转化法转入毕赤酵母GS115,利用梯度浓度的Zeocin抗生素和PCR技术筛选得到阳性转化子。工程菌经发酵培养后,发酵上清液经镍柱分离得到较高纯度的目的蛋白,并经电泳等方法验证鉴定。     

人sCR1酵母分泌型表达载体构建及其高拷贝转化子的快速筛选

目的采用酵母分泌型载体表达人可溶性补体受体1型(sCR1),研究人sCR1高拷贝重组阳性转化子的快速筛选及鉴定。方法从人外周血中提取总RNA,应用RT-PCR获得人sCR1全长cDNA,然后将其克隆入毕赤酵母细胞分泌型表达载体pPIC9k中,构建含人sCR1的重组质粒(pPIC9k-sCR1),经测序鉴定正确,电转化入毕赤酵母细胞SMD1168中,将经G418抗性筛选出的重组sCR1酵母细胞株进行PCR鉴定,经甲醇诱导,表达产物经SDS-PAGE分析和Western blot鉴定,通过Ni2+-NTA agarose亲和层析纯化。结果获得毕赤酵母细胞分泌型表达载体pPIC9k-sCR1,经G418筛选及PCR鉴定得到高拷贝整合的重组酵母细胞株,经甲醇诱导含pPIC9k-sCR1的酵母SMD1168细胞表达出重组sCR1融合蛋白。此蛋白在SDS-PAGE上表现为Mr约31000的蛋白区带,在Western blot分析中可被sCR1的CD35单克隆抗体(mAb)识别。经Ni2+-NTA agarose亲和层析纯化后得到较纯的sCR1融合蛋白。结论人sCR1融合蛋白在酵母细胞表达系统中的高水平表达,并且有与人体天然蛋白相同的抗原性。     

双表达盒人骨唾液酸蛋白毕赤酵母工程细胞的构建

目的构建含人骨唾液酸蛋白(hBSP)双表达盒的毕赤酵母工程细胞,为hBSP在毕赤酵母中的高效非融合分泌表达奠定基础。方法用PCR方法扩增hBSP基因,将其亚克隆到毕赤酵母表达载体pPICZαA中,并在此基础上构建含有双表达盒的重组pPICZαAN-2×hBSP载体,电转化毕赤酵母GS115,通过Zeocin高抗性筛选转化子并对其表型进行PCR鉴定。结果得到GS115/pPICZαAN-hBSP和GS115/pPICZαAN-2×hBSP毕赤酵母工程细胞。结论GS115/pPICZαAN-2×hBSP毕赤酵母工程细胞中含双表达盒hBSP。     

人骨保护素成熟肽表达载体的构建、表达及重组蛋白免疫学鉴定

目的：构建人骨保护素(OPG)成熟肽cDNA重组表达载体，实现其在毕赤酵母中的高效表达。方法：由人成骨细胞提取总RNA，经RT—PCR扩增得到人0PG成熟肽cDNA，克隆入分泌型表达载体pPIC9K，转化酵母细胞，G418筛选多拷贝整合的重组子进行甲醇诱导表达，产物行Western blottmg鉴定。结果：成功构建了人OPG成熟肽表达载体，该载体能在酵母细胞中获得分泌表达，诱导96h的表达量占上清总蛋白的30％。重组蛋白相对分子质量约55ku，可被0PG抗体识别。结论：重组人OPG成熟肽在酵母表达系统获得较高水平表达，为进一步研究开发基因工程药物准备了条件。     

毕赤酵母N-糖基化改造的研究进展

毕赤酵母表达系统具有诸多优点,广泛用于生产重组蛋白.由于其糖基化途径与人不同,表达的糖蛋白为高甘露糖型,改变了糖蛋白的结构,影响其特性和功能,且具有免疫原性,限制了以毕赤酵母为表达系统大量生产重组蛋白的应用.在过去的20多年里,很多研究集中在毕赤酵母N-糖基化人源化改造研究上,希望产生类人的糖链结构,但进展缓慢.近期,毕赤酵母N-糖基化改造研究已经取得了重大进展,产生了类人的末端为唾液酸的糖链结构,为应用毕赤酵母表达系统大量生产重组蛋白铺平了道路.现对毕赤酵母N-糖基化的研究进展进行简述.     

人凝血因子IX在毕赤酵母中的表达及活性测定

目的人凝血因子Ix（hFIX蛋白）在人类内源性凝血过程中起着非常重要的作用。hFIX表达量绝对或相对不足会导致B型血友病。本研究用毕赤酵母生产重组hFIX。方法首先用RT-PCR将人肝脏hFIX的mRNA进行扩增、测序并插入到pPIC9K中载体,构建pPIC9K—hFIX酵母分泌表达载体,再将pPIC9K—hFIX电转化进入毕赤酵母SMDl168,然后通过G418抗药性能力的大小筛选获得高拷贝且表达量高的重组菌株。结果通过SDS—PAGE和免疫印迹分析表明本研究获得的重组毕赤酵母hFIX表达量达到100mg／L;经过阴离子交换和半透膜扩散透析得到纯化的蛋白。检测重组hFIX的比活力,约为天然hFIX凝血活性的5．5％。结论我们可以优化找到更好的生产条件,使用其他比SMDll68更好的菌株,以获取更好生产量和质量;另外,我们也有很多可以增强在酵母生产的hFIX的活性。     

Synthesis,Cytotoxicity and Antileishmanial Activity of Some N-(2-(indol-3-yl)ethyl)-7-chloroquinolin-4-amines

We report herein the condensation of 4,7-dichloroquinoline (1) with tryptamine (2) and D-tryptophan methyl ester (3) . Hydrolysis of the methyl ester adduct (5) yielded the free acid (6) . The compounds were evaluated in vitro for activity against four different species of Leishmania promastigote forms and for cytotoxic activity against Kb and Vero cells. Compound (5) showed good activity against the Leishmania species tested, while all three compounds displayed moderate activity in both Kb and Vero cells.     

Efficacy of gut lavage,hemodialysis, and hemoperfusion in the therapy of paraquat or diquat intoxication

Clinical and in vitro investigations were carried out to test the efficacy of gut lavage, hemodialysis, and hemoperfusion in the treatment of poisoning with paraquat or diquat. In a patient suffering from diquat intoxication 130 times more diquat was removed by gut lavage 30 h after ingestion than was removed by complete aspiration of the gastric contents.Determination of in vitro clearances for paraquat and diquat by hemodialysis showed that, at serum concentrations of 1–2 ppm, such as are frequently encountered in poisoning in man, toxicologically relevant quantities of herbicide cannot be removed from the body. At a concentration of 20 ppm, on the other hand, hemodialysis proved to be effective, the clearance being 70 ml/min at a blood flow rate of 100 ml/min. The efficacy of hemoperfusion with coated activated charcoal was on the whole better. Especially at concentrations around 1–2 ppm, the clearance values for hemoperfusion were some 5–7 times higher than those for hemodialysis.In a patient suffering from paraquat poisoning, both hemodialysis as well as hemoperfusion were carried out. The in vitro results could be confirmed: At serum concentrations of paraquat less than 1 ppm no clearance could be obtained by hemodialysis while by hemoperfusion with activated charcoal quite high clearance values were measured and the serum level dropped down to zero.

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Zusammenfassung Klinische Untersuchungen und Laboratoriumsversuche wurden durchgeführt, um die Wirksamkeit von Darmspülung, Hämodialyse und Hämoperfusion bei Paraquat- und Deiquat-Vergiftungen zu prüfen.Bei einem Patienten wurde 30 Std nach Deiquat-Aufnahme durch Darmspülung 130mal mehr Deiquat entfernt als durch vollständige Aspiration des Mageninhaltes. In vitro-Versuche ergaben, daß bei Blutserumkonzentrationen von 1–2 ppm, die bei Vergiftungen oft gemessen werden, durch Hämodialyse keine toxikologisch relevanten Paraquat- oder Deiquat-Mengen entfernt werden können. Dagegen erwies sich die Hämodialyse bei 20 ppm und einer Blutumlaufgeschwindigkeit von 100 ml/min mit einer Clearance von 70 ml/min als wirksam. Die Hämoperfusion mit beschicheter Aktivkohle war in diesen Versuchen aber eindeutig überlegen, denn insbesondere bei Konzentrationen um 1–2 ppm waren die Clearance-Werte 5–7mal höher als bei der Hämodialyse.Die in vitro-Ergebnisse wurden bei einem Patienten mit einer Paraquat-Vergiftung bestätigt: Bei Konzentrationen unter 1 ppm war die Hämodialyse wirkungslos, während durch Hämoperfusion relativ hohe Clearance-Werte erreicht wurden, so daß der Serumspiegel rasch unter die Nachweisgrenze abfiel.

     

Lung disease and PKCs

The lung offers a rich opportunity for development of therapeutic strategies focused on isozymes of protein kinase C (PKCs). PKCs are important in many cellular responses in the lung, and existing therapies for pulmonary disorders are inadequate. The lung poses unique challenges as it interfaces with air and blood, contains a pulmonary and systemic circulation, and consists of many cell types. Key structures are bronchial and pulmonary vessels, branching airways, and distal air sacs defined by alveolar walls containing capillaries and interstitial space. The cellular composition of each vessel, airway, and alveolar wall is heterogeneous. Injurious environmental stimuli signal through PKCs and cause a variety of disorders. Edema formation and pulmonary hypertension (PHTN) result from derangements in endothelial, smooth muscle (SM), and/or adventitial fibroblast cell phenotype. Asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and lung cancer are characterized by distinctive pathological changes in airway epithelial, SM, and mucous-generating cells. Acute and chronic pneumonitis and fibrosis occur in the alveolar space and interstitium with type 2 pneumocytes and interstitial fibroblasts/myofibroblasts playing a prominent role. At each site, inflammatory, immune, and vascular progenitor cells contribute to the injury and repair process. Many strategies have been used to investigate PKCs in lung injury. Isolated organ preparations and whole animal studies are powerful approaches especially when genetically engineered mice are used. More analysis of PKC isozymes in normal and diseased human lung tissue and cells is needed to complement this work. Since opposing or counter-regulatory effects of selected PKCs in the same cell or tissue have been found, it may be desirable to target more than one PKC isozyme and potentially in different directions. Because multiple signaling pathways contribute to the key cellular responses important in lung biology, therapeutic strategies targeting PKCs may be more effective if combined with inhibitors of other pathways for additive or synergistic effect. Mechanisms that regulate PKC activity, including phosphorylation and interaction with isozyme-specific binding proteins, are also potential therapeutic targets. Key isotypes of PKC involved in lung pathophysiology are summarized and current and evolving therapeutic approaches to target them are identified.     

In vitro studies on sterically stabilized liposomes (SL) as enzyme carriers in organophosphorus (OP) antagonism

This study describes a new approach for organophosphorous (OP) antidotal treatment by encapsulating an OP hydrolyzing enzyme, OPA anhydrolase (OPAA), within sterically stabilized liposomes. The recombinant OPAA enzyme was derived from Alteromonas strain JD6. It has broad substrate specificity to a wide range of OP compounds: DFP and the nerve agents, soman and sarin. Liposomes encapsulating OPAA (SL)* were made by mechanical dispersion method. Hydrolysis of DFP by (SL)* was measured by following an increase of fluoride ion concentration using a fluoride ion selective electrode. OPAA entrapped in the carrier liposomes rapidly hydrolyze DFP, with the rate of DFP hydrolysis directly proportional to the amount of (SL)* added to the solution. Liposomal carriers containing no enzyme did not hydrolyze DFP. The reaction was linear and the rate of hydrolysis was first order in the substrate. This enzyme carrier system serves as a biodegradable protective environment for the recombinant OP-metabolizing enzyme, OPAA, resulting in prolongation of enzymatic concentration in the body. These studies suggest that the protection of OP intoxication can be strikingly enhanced by adding OPAA encapsulated within (SL)* to pralidoxime and atropine.     

Gender-related symptoms and correlates of alcohol dependence among men and women with a lifetime diagnosis of alcohol use disorders

This study explored gender-related symptoms and correlates of alcohol dependence in a crosssectional study of 150 men and 150 women with a lifetime diagnosis of alcohol use disorders (AUD). Participants were recruited in equal numbers from treatment settings, correctional centres and the general community. Standardized measures were used to determine participants' use of substances, history of psychiatric disorders and psychosocial stress, their sensation seeking and family history of substance use and mental health disorders. Multivariate analyses were used to detect patterns of variables associated with gender and the lifetime severity of AUD. Men had a longer history of severe AUD than women. Women had similar levels of alcohol dependence and medical and psychological sequelae as men, despite 6 fewer years of AUD. More women than men had a history of severe psychosocial stress, severe dependence on other substances and antecedent mental health problems, especially mood and anxiety disorders. There were differences in family history of alcohol-related problems approximating same-gender aggregation. The severity of a lifetime AUD was predicted by its earlier age at onset and the occurrence of other disorders, especially anxiety, among both men and women. The limitations in the generalizability of these findings due to sample idiosyncrasies are discussed.     

Steroidal sapogenin contents in some domestic plants

In order to find out the values of the steroid resources for the future use. the compositions and contents of steroidal sapogenins from 13 domestic plants have been investigated. As a result,Dioscorea nipponica, D. quinqueloba andSmilax china were found to have large amount of diosgenin. And pennogenin inTrillium kamtschaticum andParis verticillata, yuccagenin inAllium fistulosum, hecogenin inAgave americana and neochlorogenin inSolanum nigum were appeared to be major steroidal sapogenins.