护理专业小组在急救流程医护配合培训中的应用

目的 了解护理专业小组指导在急救流程医护配合培训中的作用,探讨护理专业小组对提高护士的理论知识水平和技术操作水平的影响.方法 对我院急救中心34名护士进行急救流程培训,采取护理专业小组和医师指导配合的培训方法,比较培训前后的护士理论和操作考核成绩,了解培训效果.结果 34名护士全部完成培训,无护理专业小组指导的理论考核成绩为（80.38 ±4.34）分,指导后为（87.03 ±4.50）分,差异有统计学意义（t=10.32,P＜0.01）.操作考核成绩,无护理专业小组指导为（79.12 ±4.50）分,指导后为（90.38 ±4.97）分,差异有统计学意义（t=17.28,P＜0.01）.100％的接受培训的护士认为培训增强了急救应变能力,97.1％的护士认为培养了团队协作精神,94.1％的护士认为培训能提高解决分析问题的能力和专业理解能力.结论 护理专业小组指导进行急救流程医护配合培训的方法优于传统培训方法,更加高效,值得推广.     

神经内科护士预见性护理能力培训及效果

目的探讨神经内科护士预见性护理能力培训的方法与效果,从而提高神经内科护士预见性护理能力,减少护理意外事件及并发症的发生。方法通过分析神经内科护士提高预见性护理能力需要具备的知识与技能,制定培训方案,对神经内科87名护士进行预见性护理意识培养、专科知识学习、专科护理流程学习、专科护理技能训练及临床实践指导后,实施统一的专科理论、操作及预见性护理能力综合考核,比较培训前后考核成绩。培训后护士对患者实施预见性护理,比较实施前后护理意外事件及并发症发生情况。结果经过为期10个月的培训,87名护士专科理论、操作及预见性护理能力综合评分较培训前明显提高[（57．2±3．8）分比（70．2±10．3）分,（92．2±15．6）分比（80．8±8．4）分,（90．8±4．6）分比（67．1±5．6）分],实施前后比较差异具有统计学意义（t值分别为31．50,15．65,58．57;P〈0．01）。实施预见性护理后护理意外事件发生率从2．13％降至0．81％,并发症发生率从2．49％降至0．93％,实施前后比较,差异具有统计学意义（χ2值分别为0．012,0．006;P〈0．01）。结论针对神经内科专科护理需求设置培训内容对护士进行系统性培训,能提高神经内科护士的预见性护理能力,对神经内科患者实施预见性护理能减少护理意外事件及并发症发生。     

口腔护理培训对新入职护理人员口腔护理认知度的影响

目的：调查新入职护理人员接受预防呼吸机相关性肺炎（ VAP）口腔护理知识培训前后对口腔护理认知度情况,以增强其对预防VAP的口腔护理认知度。方法选取某三级甲等综合医院新入职108名护理人员,自行设计问卷,调查培训前后其对预防VAP口腔护理知识认知情况并对结果进行统计分析。结果培训前后预防VAP口腔护理目标认知率分别为31．5％,100．0％,差异有统计学意义（χ2＝112．563,P＜0．01）;培训前口腔相关护理、吸痰护理、气管插管护理重要性评分分别为（5．9±2．7）,（7．9±2．0）,（7．6±2．8）分,培训后分别为（9．5±0．4）,（8．4±1．5）,（8．9±1．0）分,差异均有统计学意义（t值分别为16．438,32．165,11．147;P＜0．01）;培训前后0．12％氯己定使用频率分别为（53．8±3.1）％,（97．4±1．7）％,差异有统计学意义（t＝21．603,P＜0．01）。结论对新入职护理人员进行系统口腔护理理论知识培训可提高其对预防VAP口腔护理知识认知度。     

“集成共享”模式在社区糖尿病护理培训中的应用效果研究

目的：探讨“集成共享”模式应用于社区糖尿病护理培训后对社区护士糖尿病知识水平和患者满意度的影响。方法采用随机数字表法随机抽取30家社区卫生服务中心护士进行糖尿病培训,按照自愿原则分成2组,15家组成研究组参加构建“集成共享”模式,15家组成对照组采取常规培训方法。干预前和干预1年后对两组社区护士进行糖尿病知识水平调查,并对该社区糖尿病患者进行满意度调查。结果1年后研究组社区护士糖尿病知识得分从（29．29±5．91）分提高到（35．22±4．91）分,对照组从（29．39±6．33）分提高到（30．94±6．33）分,且干预后研究组得分高于对照组,差异均有统计学意义（Z分别为10．896,3．226,8．650;P＜0．01）。干预1年后研究组满意度（4．50±0．67）分,对照组（4．28±0．66）分,差异有统计学意义（t＝2．758,P＜0．01）。结论采用“集成共享”模式能够提高社区护士糖尿病知识水平,提高糖尿病患者满意度,提高社区糖尿病护理质量。     

模块式护理计划对痛风患者疼痛及生活质量的影响

目的：探讨痛风模块式护理计划对痛风患者治疗过程中疼痛及生活质量的影响作用。方法选择痛风患者78例,按住院号随机分为观察组和对照组各39例。对照组患者接受常规护理,观察组采用痛风模块式护理计划,包括咨询、优化疼痛治疗、活动干预和放松治疗。采用五指疼痛评分表、自我护理能力问卷、生活质量问卷（ HRQOL）比较两组患者干预后疼痛强度、自我护理能力和生活质量。结果观察组患者住院第10天疼痛评分（2．43±0．98）分,疼痛缓解时间（1．79±0．65）d,对照组患者疼痛评分（3．57±0．97）分,疼痛缓解时间（3．40±1．02） d,差异均有统计学意义（t 分别为-2．191,-3．062;P＜0．05）;观察组患者自我护理处理（52．48±7．26）分,HRQOL得分（9．57±2．40）分,均高于对照组的（39．37±6．88）,（5．07±2．17）分,差异有统计学意义（t 分别为8．238,3．849;P＜0．05）。结论痛风模块式护理计划能够有效缓解痛风患者的疼痛程度,提高了患者自我护理认知和自我护理能力,同时也增强了护士的护理水平,提高了护理的有效性。     

自制护理操作视频片在新入职护士岗前技能培训中的应用

目的：探讨自制护理操作视频在新入职护士岗前技能培训中的应用效果。方法将常用无菌技术、口腔护理、鼻饲、心肺复苏等一系列临床护理基本操作制成视频,作为模板应用于新入职护士岗前技能培训中。选取2012年新入职护士42名按随机数字表法分为对照组和观察组,每组21名。对照组采用传统的老师示范后自己操作训练的培训方法;观察组采用反复观看护理操作视频后再进行自己操作训练的培训方法。比较两组护士操作考核成绩及护士长、医生、患者对护士综合能力评价情况。结果观察组护士无菌技术成绩为（92．5±2．5）分、口腔护理（91．0±2．0）分、鼻饲（92．7±5．2）分、静脉输液（93．0±2．6）分、导尿（90．2±3．4）分、吸痰（91．9±5．0）分、心肺复苏（94．1±2．4）分,均高于对照组,差异有统计学意义（t值分别为2．91,3．31,2．63,2．46,3．46,2．81,2．01;P＜0．05）;两组护士、患者满意度得分比较差异均有统计学意义（P＜0．05）。结论观看自制护理操作视频,有助于提高护士岗前培训质量,优化医院的操作培训流程,使受培训人员有效地掌握护理操作技能。     

医护一体化责任制合作模式对提高护士综合护理能力的影响

目的：探讨医护一体化责任制整体护理合作模式对护士床边综合护理能力的影响,使医生、护士、患者更加满意。方法制定出从入院时、住院期间、出院时一整套的医护一体化合作责任制护理模式,采用调查表,对医护人员对医护合作态度得分、床边综合能力考核结果、患者满意度、医生满意度和护士满意度进行问卷调查,同时采集护理质量及不良事件等数据,与实施医护一体化合作责任制护理模式前的调查结果进行比较。结果实施医护一体化合作责任制护理模式前,护士满意度、医生满意度及患者满意度分别为（4．06±0．39）,（4．18±0．41）,（4．03±0．36）分,实施后分别为（4．42±0．41）,（4．38±0．26）,（4．36±0．38）分,较实施前明显提高,差异有统计学意义（t值分别为7．5895,7．0062,3.5418;P＜0．01）。床边综合能力明显提高,差异具有统计学意义（ P＜0．01）;临床效果评分在病情掌握、并发症预防、理论知识、专业护理能力方面实施后分别为（4．81±0．31）,（3．59±0．24）,（3．92±0.44）,（3．91±0．40）分,较实施前的（3．04±0．55）,（2．91±0．31）,（3．29±0．26）,（3．67±0．47）分明显提高,差异有统计学意义（t值分别为30．711,19．000,13．503,4．260;P＜0．01）。结论实施医护一体化合作责任制护理模式,能有效提高护理质量及护士的专业护理能力,降低不良事件的发生率,充分发挥护士的优势,有效地促进医护合作,达到患者满意的目的。     

脊柱外科患者的疼痛护理研究

目的：探讨疼痛护理对脊柱外科患者护理效果的影响。方法将148例脊柱外科患者分为常规护理组和疼痛护理组,疼痛护理组在常规护理的基础上给予疼痛教育、心理护理、镇痛治疗等疼痛护理,采用患者疼痛程度、住院时间、患者满意度等指标评估疼痛护理的临床效果。结果常规护理组患者术后12、24、48、72 h的疼痛国际视觉类比评分分别为（5．36±1．03）、（3．98±0．74）、（3．42±0．87）、（2．73±0．62）分;疼痛护理组患者分别为（2．33±0．85）、（2．06±0．61）、（1．71±0．97）、（1．79±0．64）分,两组相比差异有统计学意义（ P＜0．01）。疼痛护理组患者住院时间[（10．3±2．6）d ]较常规护理组患者住院时间[（14．7±3．4）d ]缩短,差异有统计学意义（ P＜0．01）。疼痛护理组患者满意度评分[（97．6±1．5）分]优于常规护理组[（91．7±1．4）分],差异有统计学意义（P＜0．05）。结论疼痛护理可有效缓解脊柱外科患者的疼痛不适,缩短住院时间,提高患者满意度,具有临床推广价值。     

护理绩效管理系统的应用与思考

目的：应用护理绩效管理的激励作用,引导更多的有专业知识、有能力且有丰富经验的护士留在临床一线工作。方法采用关键业绩指标方法（ KPI）对全院护理单元的绩效考核指标和权重分配进行专家论证,并与护理代表进行充分交流与沟通,最终选择可实际操作的指标纳入考核项目,建立护理绩效考评管理体系,并在实际工作中给予实践,比较绩效管理前后护士工作满意度和患者对护士工作满意度。结果实施前后护士工作满意度总均分分别为（3．02±0．32）,（4．28±0．38）分,差异有统计学意义（t＝2．02,P＜0．05）。患者对护士工作满意度实施前后总均分分别为（4．08±0．46）,（4．68±0．54）分,差异有统计学意义（t＝2．26,P＜0．05）。结论护理绩效管理是提高护士积极性、主动性、创造性的管理方法和科学工具,在实现医院战略目标的同时使护士实现自身价值,提高满意度。     

应用微技能培训法提高急诊年轻护士应急能力效果分析

目的：探讨微技能培训法对提高急诊年轻护士应急能力的作用效果。方法对31名急诊年轻护士使用微技能培训法进行专科培训,比较其培训前后应急能力考核成绩、急诊专科疾病知识得分、急诊抢救技能得分及急救护理过程的执行时间。结果培训前护士应急能力考核评分如监护理论、抢救技术、个案护理得分分别为（85．93±4．30）,（86．17±3．68）,（83．14±4．70）分;培训后相应得分分别为（90．74±4．72）,（92．55±4．21）,（90．25±4．58）分,差异有统计学意义（t 值分别为-2．484,-2．665,-2．956;P＜0．05）。培训后护士急诊专科疾病知识得分与培训前比较差异有统计学意义（t值为-2．848～-2．472;P ＜0．05）。培训后护士急诊抢救技能总分为（88．05±4．66）分,培训前为（74．50±4．74）分,差异有统计学意义（t＝-4．824,P＜0．05）。培训后护士在急救护理过程执行时间与培训前比较差异有统计学意义（ t值为2．470～2．662;P＜0．05）。结论微技能培训法运用积少成多的策略,实行每日限时教学、反复强化记忆的方法,有效提高了护士急诊理论知识及专科性操作技能,提高了年轻护士的应急反应能力。     

Fear of pain in orofacial pain patients

In the present study, we examined whether fear of pain, dental fear, general indices of psychological distress, and self-reported stress levels differed between 40 orofacial pain patients and 40 gender and age matched control general dental patients. We also explored how fear of pain, as measured by the Fear of Pain Questionnaire-III (J Behav Med 21 (1998) 389), relates to established measures of psychological problems in our sample of patients. Finally, we examined whether fear of pain uniquely and significantly predicts dental fear and psychological distress relative to other theoretically-relevant psychological factors. Our results indicate that fear of severe pain and anxiety-related distress, broadly defined, are particularly elevated in orofacial pain patients relative to matched controls. Additionally, fear of pain shares a significant relation with dental fear but not other general psychological symptomology, and uniquely and significantly predicts dental fear relative to other theoretically-relevant variables. Taken together, these data, in conjunction with other recent studies, suggest greater attention be placed on understanding the fear of pain in orofacial pain patients and its relation to dental fear and anxiety.     

From past pain to future pain through the pain of others: Information about other people's pain ratings can alleviate our subsequent pain

Background

Previous studies have shown that pain memories have a profound impact on subsequent pain experiences. This study investigated whether pain ratings derived from other people can modify an individual's memory of past pain. This study also examined whether pain memory modified by others' pain ratings determines subsequent pain experiences.

Methods

Participants were divided into two groups: an experimental group and a control group. Participants in both groups were exposed to pain stimulation; then, they recalled its intensity twice over a period of time; after a break, they were again exposed to pain stimulation of the same intensity. The final sample consisted of 53 participants. The only difference between the experimental group and the control group was that in the former the pain ratings of other alleged participants were presented between the two consecutive pain recalls. These ratings suggested that other people experienced the same pain as less intense.

Results

The pain ratings derived from other people did not alter the pain memory; nevertheless, they affected an individual's next pain experience even for a certain period of time after their presentation. This type of pain-related information shaped participants' subsequent pain experiences regardless of their empathy, conformity, and susceptibility to social influence.

Conclusions

Information on pain derived from other people not only shapes the response to a novel stimulation but also substantially modifies the subsequent experience of that stimulation.

Significance

The study demonstrates the importance of social information on pain and provides evidence that this type of information substantially modifies the subsequent experience of the same pain. These results suggest that social information on pain can be used to alleviate pain associated with recurring medical procedures and thus increase patients' willingness to continue treatment.     

Electronic momentary assessment in chronic pain II: pain and psychological pain responses as predictors of pain disability

OBJECTIVES AND METHODS: More than 7,100 electronic diaries from 80 patients with chronic pain (mean: 89.3, range 30-115) entered multilevel analyses to establish the statistical prediction of disability by pain intensity and by psychological functioning (fear avoidance, cognitive, and spousal pain responses). We also tested the differences between pre-chronic, recently chronic, and persistently chronic pain in the prediction of disability (impaired physical and mental capacity, pain interference with activities, immobility due to pain). RESULTS: Pain intensity explained 8% to 19% of the disability variance. Beyond this psychological functioning explained 7% to 16%: particularly fear-avoidance and cognitive pain responses predicted chronic pain disorder disability; spousal responses predicted immobility better than other aspects of disability. Immobility due to actual pain occurred infrequently. When it did, however, it was better predicted by avoidance behavior in the patient and by spousal discouragement of movement than by actual pain intensity. The prediction of immobility due to pain by, respectively, avoidance behavior and catastrophizing was better in chronic pain (>6 months) and that of physical impairment by catastrophizing better in persistently chronic pain (>12 months) than in pain of shorter duration. DISCUSSION: The psychological prediction of chronic pain disorder disability was determined beyond that accounted for by pain intensity. Nonetheless, psychological functioning explained substantial variance in chronic pain disorder disability. The psychological prediction of immobility and physical impairment was stronger with longer pain duration. Patient characteristics and momentary states of disability-and in particular of immobility-should be carefully distinguished and accounted for in chronic pain disorder.     

无痛静脉穿刺技术的研究进展

静脉穿刺技术是临床上常用的基础护理操作技术，可通过静脉给药而达到治疗疾病的目的，而穿刺同时引起的疼痛同样令人难以忍受。疼痛是人的一种生理、心理感受，是在实际上或潜在因素造成组织损伤的情感经历。疼痛不只是主观上使人感觉不适，客观上还能引起病人生命体征的改变，打针痛已成为人们脑海里固有的概念，患儿则常以哭闹的方式拒绝穿刺。因此，如何减轻静脉穿刺引起的疼痛，一直成为护理同仁们研究的课题，现就无痛静脉穿刺的方法及技术进展综述如下。     

Role of pain management programmes in chronic pain

Many people in the UK experience chronic pain. This can have a huge effect on a person's life, including their mood, work and family. Pain management programmes are proving effective in helping people to cope with pain and improve their quality of life.