附子的化学成分研究（Ⅱ）

目的 研究毛茛科植物乌头子根的化学成分。方法 附子以95%乙醇回流提取、浓缩,采用硅胶、凝胶柱色谱等多种柱色谱技术以及重结晶等方法进行分离,并根据理化性质和波谱数据进行结构鉴定。结果 从附子中共分离鉴定了5个C19-二萜生物碱和4个C20-二萜生物碱,分别为苯甲酰乌头原碱benzoylaconine (1)、苯甲酰新乌头原碱benzoylmesaconine (2)、苯甲酰次乌头碱benzoylhypaconine (3)、8-OEt-14-benzoylmesaconine (4)、塔拉地萨敏talatizamine (5)、chuanfumine (6)、异叶乌头碱hetisine (7)、3-epiignavinol (8)、关附辛素guan fu base H (9)。结论 化合物6、8和9为首次从附子中分得。     

黄花乌头茎叶化学成分的研究

目的:对毛茛科植物黄花乌头Aconitum coreanum的茎叶进行化学成分研究.方法:黄花乌头茎叶的醇提物用各种柱色谱分离和纯化,根据化合物的理化性质和波谱学数据鉴定其结构.结果:分离得到5个化合物,关附壬素(1),关附未素(2),β-谷甾醇(3),D-甘露醇(4),胡萝卜苷(5).结论:化合物2为新化合物,其余化合物皆为首次从黄花乌头茎叶中获得.     

大豆胚芽中新异黄酮化合物的研究

目的 分离鉴定大豆胚芽中异黄酮的组成。方法 利用柱色谱技术从大豆胚芽中分离异黄酮，利用MS，^1H—NMR，^13C—NMR鉴定得到的异黄酮化合物的结构。结果 分离到两个新异黄酮化合物，这2个异黄酮化合物互为同分异构体，相对分子质量为564，经鉴定为6″-β-D-阿拉伯糖-染料木素葡萄糖苷(I)，6″-β-D-木糖-染料木素葡萄糖苷(Ⅱ)。结论 这两个化合物在大豆中为首次分离到，也是两个新化合物。     

甘遂中巨大戟萜醇型二萜酯类化学成分的研究

目的 分离鉴定甘遂Euphorbia kansui中巨大戟萜醇(ingenol)型二萜酯类化学成分。方法 运用波谱技术，尤其是2DNMR技术(^1H-^1HCOSY,HSQC,HMBC和NOESY实验)进行结构鉴定。结果 分离得到6个巨大戟萜醇型二萜酯，确定了其中两个主要化合物的结构，分别为巨大戟萜醇—3—2’E，4‘Z癸二烯酯—20—乙酸酯[3—O—(2’E，4‘Z—decadienoyl)—20—O—acetylingenol](Ⅰ)和甘遂大戟萜酯C(kansuiphorin C)(Ⅱ)。结论 首次报道了I的全部NMR数据和Ⅱ的碳谱数据，并利用多种2DNMR技术对Ⅰ和Ⅱ的全部NMR数据进行了归属。     

黄花乌头植物化学成分的研究

从黄花乌头Ａｃｏｎｉｔｕｍ ｃｏｒｅａｎｎｍ（Ｌｅｖｌ．）Ｒａｐａｉｃｓ中分得１２个化合物（其中地下部分１０个，地上部分２个），经理化常数及波谱分析，分别鉴定为（地下部分）：β－ｓｉｔｏｏｓｔｅｒｏｌ（Ⅰ），ｄａｕｃｏｓｔｅｒｏｌ（Ⅱ），关附甲素（Ⅲ），关附庚素（Ⅳ），ｃｏｎｄｅｌｐｈｉｎｅ（Ⅴ），关附壬素（Ⅵ），ｈｅｔｉｓｉｎｏｎｅ（Ⅶ），ｉｓｏａｔｉｓｉｎｕｍ ｃｈｌｏｒｉｄｅ（Ⅷ），ａｔｉｓ     

刺柏中两个新的含氧二萜化合物

目的 研究了柏科刺柏属植物刺柏Juniperus formosana果实的化学成分。方法 通过液-液分配，硅胶及氧化铝柱色谱分离和纯化，运用质谱、核磁共振氢谱、碳谱及二维碳氢相关谱鉴定结构。结果 从其醋酸乙酯部分得到两个二萜化合物：19-羧基-8(17)-13(16)-14-赖伯当三烯(Ⅰ)；15，19—二羟基—8(17)—13(E)—赖伯当二烯(Ⅱ)。结论 化合物Ⅰ和Ⅱ是两个新化合物。     

瓜蒌的抗血小板聚集活性成分研究

目的研究瓜蒌的抗血小板聚集活性成分。方法利用抗血小板聚集的活性追踪方法，采用Sephadex LH-20柱色谱、反复硅胶柱色谱分离，通过IR、^1H—NMR、^13C-NMR、MS等波谱分析手段研究化学结构。结果分离得到7个化合物，分别鉴定为棕榈酸(Ⅰ)，5，5‘-双氧甲基呋喃醛(Ⅱ)，N-苯基苯二甲酰亚胺(Ⅲ)，4-羟基-2-甲氧基苯甲酸(Ⅳ)，4-羟基-烟酸(Ⅴ)，香叶木素-7-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷(Ⅵ)，腺苷(Ⅶ)。结论化合物Ⅳ、Ⅵ、Ⅵ均具有很强的抗血小板聚集作用，化合物Ⅲ为首次从植物中分离得到的天然产物，化合物Ⅴ～Ⅵ为首次从该属植物中分离获得，化合物Ⅱ、Ⅳ为首次从该种植物中分离得到。     

黄花香茶菜二萜化学成分研究

目的研究产自云南中甸的黄花香茶菜Isodon sculponeatus(Vaniot)Kudo茎叶的二萜化学成分。方法采用硅胶色谱、HPLC制备色谱分离、纯化化学成分,通过波谱数据鉴定化合物结构。结果从产自云南中甸的黄花香茶菜茎叶中分离得到了14个二萜化合物,分别鉴定为延命草素(enmein,1),表诺多星(epinodosin,2),黄花香茶菜甲素(sculponeatin A,3),黄花香茶菜乙素(sculponeatin B,4),诺多星(nodosin,5),sculponin F(6),大鄂变形甲素(macrocalyxoformin A,7),isodocarpin(8),sculponin B(9),皱叶香茶菜素(rugosanin,10),黄花香茶菜素D(sculponeatin D,11),黄花香茶菜素K(sculponeatin K,12),黄花香茶菜丙素(sculponeatin C,13),显脉香茶菜新素(rabdonervosin A,14)。结论化合物7、8、10、12和14为首次从黄花香茶菜中分离得到。     

金莲花化学成分研究

目的：对毛茛科植物短瓣金莲花（Trollius Ledebourii）提取物的化学成分进行分离鉴定。方法：金莲花的乙醇提取物经硅胶柱色谱用氯仿-乙醇不同比例进行梯度洗脱，通过波谱（^1H—NMR，^13C—NMR）分析和化学方法鉴定其结构。结果：分离得到5个化合物，分别鉴定为藜芦酸（veratric acid，1）、香草酸（vanillic acid，2）、胡萝卜苷（daucosterol，3）、槲皮素（quercetin，4）、荭草素（orietin，5），化合物（4）系首次从本植物中分离得到。     

大高良姜的化学成分研究

目的：对大高良姜的根茎部位化学成分进行系统研究。方法：采用硅胶和Sephadex LH-20柱色谱等手段进行分离纯化，运用UV、IR、^1H—NMR13C—NMR、MS等谱学方法进行结构鉴定。结果：共分离鉴定了11个化合物，分别为4-[（E）-3-hydroxyprop-1-enyl]phenylacetate（1），反式对羟基桂皮醛乙酯（2），5-hydroxy-7-（4″-hydroxy-3″-methoxyphenyl）-1-phenyl-3-heptanone（3），7-（4″-hydroxy-3″-methoxy—phenyl）-1-phenylhep-4-en-3-one（4），[1′S]-1′-乙酰氧丁香酚乙酯（5），反式对羟基桂皮醛（6），对羟基苯甲醛（7），1-（4-hydroxyphenyl）propan．1-one（8），高良姜素（9），trans—P—coumaryl diacetate（10），β-谷甾醇（11）。结论：化合物1是首次从自然界分离得到的天然产物，化合物2为首次从该属植物中分离得到的苯丙素类化合物，化合物3和4是首次从该种植物中分离得到的双苯庚烷类化合物。     

Quirogane,prenopsane, and patzcuarane skeletons obtained by photochemically induced molecular rearrangements of longipinene derivatives

Ultraviolet irradiation of (1R,3S,4S,5S,10R,11R)-1-acetyloxy-7-oxolongipin-8-ene (6), prepared from longipinene diesters isolated from Stevia salicifolia, afforded the new quirogane (7) and prenopsane (8) derivatives, as the major products, together with the minor secondary photoproduct (1R,3R,5R,8S,11S)-1-acetyloxy-7-oxopatzcuar-9-ene (9), which possesses a novel tricyclic sesquiterpene skeleton. The stereostructures of the new compounds 7-9 were mainly determined by NMR techniques including COSY, HSQC, HMBC, and NOESY in combination with molecular modeling obtained by density functional theory calculations. A reaction mechanism accounting for the observed transformations is proposed.     

椭圆叶花锚水溶性多糖的分离纯化及组成分析

目的:为合理利用椭圆叶花锚提供一定依据,对椭圆叶花锚多糖进行提取分离纯化。方法:椭圆叶花锚经热水浸提,乙醇沉淀得粗多糖。粗多糖经Sevage法和酶法联合脱蛋白,酸性乙醇分级,得初步纯化的多糖HM1、HM2、HM3、HM4。结果:其中HM4经DEAE-Sephadex A-25分离纯化得纯化多糖HM41。HM41经检测为纯多糖。气相色谱分析表明椭圆叶花锚多糖HM1、HM2、HM3、HM4和HM41均为Rha、Ara、Xyl、Man、Gal、Glc六种单糖组成的杂多糖,但单糖的摩尔比不同。结论:多糖HM41为首次从椭圆叶花锚中分离得到的均一多糖。     

电针心经对心肌缺血家兔动脉血压的影响

搪塞心经与心脏功能的关系。本研究静脉滴注垂体后叶素造成家兔心肌缺血动物模型，电针心经、肺经各３个空位，观察其对动脉血压的影响。电针心经对心脏功能的调节作用此电针肺经显著，有相对特异性，说明心经作为一条经脉，经心脏机能活动有密切关系。     

去氢骆驼蓬碱诱导急性白血病Jurkat细胞凋亡及其机制

目的本研究旨在研究去氢骆驼蓬碱体外诱导Jurkat细胞凋亡及其可能机制。方法采用MTT法测定去氢骆驼蓬碱对Jurkat细胞的生长抑制作用;用光学显微镜检、琼脂糖凝胶电泳检测去氢骆驼蓬碱诱导Jurkat细胞凋亡;应用蛋白印迹法检测去氢骆驼蓬碱诱导Jurkat细胞凋亡过程中bcl-2与ICAD的表达变化情况。结果去氢骆驼蓬碱对Jurkat细胞有明显的生长抑制作用,其增殖抑制作用与诱导细胞凋亡有关;bcl-2与ICAD在Jurkat细胞中均有表达,且随药物浓度的增高表达量逐渐降低。结论去氢骆驼蓬碱可诱导Jurkat细胞凋亡,bcl-2与ICAD在去氢骆驼蓬碱诱导Jurkat细胞凋亡的信号传导途径中可能是重要的调控因子。     

Herbal medicine for dementia: a systematic review

This systematic review aimed to assess the effectiveness and safety of herbal medicines (HM) for treating dementia. Databases in English and Chinese were searched from their inceptions to February 2007. References in reviews and randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were screened by hand. Trials comparing orally administered HM with placebo, no intervention or other therapy were considered. Trials on Ginkgo biloba and its extracts were excluded to avoid duplication of existing reviews. Pairs of authors independently applied eligibility criteria, extracted data and assessed methodological quality using the Jadad Scale. Thirteen RCTs met the inclusion criteria of three or above on this scale. Six trials compared herbal medicine with placebo, one with no treatment, and the remainder with pharmaceutical intervention. Meta‐analyses were performed on common cognitive performance outcome measures. All studies reported HM had significant effects in improving symptoms. In studies that employed active controls, HM was at least as effective as the pharmaceutical intervention. Meta‐analyses found HM more effective than no treatment or placebo and at least equivalent to control interventions, although the overall effect was small. No severe adverse events were reported. These trials provide overall positive evidence for the effectiveness and safety of certain HMs for dementia management. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

STUDY ON THE RELATIONSHIP AMONG THE HEART MERIDIAN,CARDIAC REFERRED PAIN AND THE HEART

Purpose:The referred pain of the somatic structure,a response of the visceralgia,is often seen in clinic.But ist underlying mechanisms are poorly understood.It is interested that cardiac referred pain ofter appears along the running course of the Heart Meridian(HM),while acupuncture of the acupoints of HM can effectively relieve cardiac pain.In the present study,the neural basis of the relationship among the HM,cardiac referred pain and the heart is investigated by using tri-labeling technique.Methods:Wistar rats are used in the present study.Three fluorescent dyes,fast blue(FB),propidium lodide(PI) and bibenzimide(Bb)are respectively injected into the pericardial sac,the left and right medial-middle band (HM) or lateral sides[rung Meridian(LM),used for control] of the rat forearms.Results:Examination of the sections of the dorsal ganglions shows that more doubly labeled neurons are found in the ipsilateral dorsal root ganglions of C8-T3 nerve segments from HM and the heart,while fewer double-labeled neurons found from LM and the heart.The facts provide direct evidence for existence of dichotomizing fibers of the ganglion neurons.There exists a relative specific connection between the HM and the heart.It also provides a morphological explanation for cardiogenic referred pain and for the specific interrelation between the heart Meridian and the heart of traditional Chinese medicine.     

EFFECT OF ELECTROACUPUNCTURE OF THE HEART MERIDIAN ACUPOINTS ON ISCHEMIC CARDIAC FUNCTION IN THE RABBIT

Subjective: To observe the effect of electroacupuncture (EA) of acupoints of the Heart Meridian and Lung Meridian on ischemic cardiac systolic ability for analyzing the relative specific relationship between the Heart Meridian and the heart. Methods: Acute myocardial ischemia (AMI) was produced by intravenous infusion of pituitrin (40 u + 5% glucose injection 500 ml, 60 drips/min) in the rabbit. Left intraventricular pressure (LVP), maximal rising velocity of LVP (dp/dt max), isovolumetric pressure (IP) and end-diastolic pressure (EDP) of the left cardiac ventricle were used as the indexes. Three points of Heart Meridian [HM, from "Shenmen" (HT 7) to "Lingdao" (HT 4)] and the three points of Lung Meridian [LM, from "Taiyuan" (LU 9) to "Lieque" (LU 7)] were punctured with filiform needles and stimulated with hand-manipulation and electrically with ZY2-1 EA Therapeutic Apparatus. 30 rabbits anesthetized with urethane (1 g/kg) were randomly and evenly divided into control group, HM group and LM group. Resul     

Traditional Oriental Herbal Medicine and Natural Killer Cells for Cancer Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta‐analysis

Traditional oriental herbal medicine (HM) is used by cancer patients to improve immunity. Natural killer (NK) cells are associated with development and progression of tumor and survival of cancer patients. This literature review examined randomized controlled trials (RCTs) in four electronic databases until October 2015 to evaluate the effects of oral HM on NK cells in cancer patients. Data were pooled and computed in a meta‐analysis. The methodological quality was assessed according to the Cochrane risk of bias tool. Sixteen RCTs involving 1326 cancer patients were identified. Combination of HM and conventional treatment was associated with significantly higher level of NK cells compared with conventional cancer treatments (standardized mean difference, 1.218; 95% confidence interval 0.719–1.717; p < 0.001). Eight RCTs reported statistically significant improvements in the proportions or activity of NK cells in patient groups who received both HM and conventional treatment compared with patients who received conventional treatment alone, while eight RCTs reported no statistically significant differences between the two groups. Studies (n = 16) included in this review had insufficient quality of evidence with unclear (n = 1) and high (n = 15) values of the risk of bias. Although traditional oriental HM may have the positive effects on preserving the level of NK cells in cancer patients receiving conventional treatments, current evidence is inconclusive because of lack of high‐quality evidence. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Effect of nourishing “Yin”-removing “Fire” Chinese herbal mixture on hypothalamic kisspeptin expression in female precocious rats

Aim

The present study aims to investigate the effect of nourishing “Yin”-removing “Fire” herbal mixture, a Chinese herb-based formulation, on hypothalamic kisspeptin expression in danazol-induced female precocious model rats.

Materials and methods

The female Sprague–Dawley rats were divided into intact normal (N), central precocious puberty (CPP) model (M), vehicle without CPP (V), CPP model exposed to herbal mixture (HM) and CPP model exposed to saline (S) groups. At postnatal day 5, a single subcutaneous injection of 300 μg of danazol was administered to induce CPP model rats. From P15, rats in the HM group were continuously gavaged with the 1 ml/50 g body weight mixture, until two consecutive regular estrous cycles were established. The hypothalamic Kiss-1 expression was detected by RT-PCR and immunohistochemistry.

Results

The day of vaginal opening and establishment of two regular estrous cycles were delayed in the HM group compared with M and S groups (P < 0.05, respectively). The level of hypothalamic Kiss-1 mRNA and the number of kisspeptin-immunoreactive (kisspeptin-ir) cells in the arcuate nucleus (ARC), preoptic area (POA) and periventricular nucleus (PeN), were decreased significantly in the HM group compared with the M and S groups (P < 0.01, respectively) on the day of onset-puberty.

Conclusion

These results indicate that the kisspeptin signaling pathway might be involved in the effect of herbal mixture treatment on CPP.