饮用水中F^-、Cl^-、Br^-、NO2^-、ClO3^-、SO4^2-、HPO4^2-7种离子的离子色谱分析

目的：为了研究同时测定水中F^-、Cl^-、Br^-、NO2^-、ClO3^-、SO4^2-、HPO4^2-7种离子浓度的方法。方法：样品处理后用离子色谱法分析，外标法定量。结果：测定方法的相关性好（r〉0．9990），精密度高（RSD〈3．0％），准确度好（平均回收率90．6％．108．4％），检出限（3．56～6．74）μg/L。结论：该方法的灵敏度高、检出限低、操作简便，可同时测定不同数量级浓度的离子，能满足水质监测要求。     

工作场所空气中氢氟酸、盐酸和硫酸的离子色谱同时测定法

目的建立同时测定工作场所空气中HF、HCl、H2SO4的离子色谱法。方法依据GBZ159—2004进行采样,3．6mmol／LNa2CO3和4．5mmol／LNaHCO3（1＋1）混合溶液作采样吸收液和淋洗液,使用SH-AC-1色谱柱、SI-90G保护柱、电导检测器进行测定。结果3种离子在0．5～5μg/ml范围内线性良好,相关系数（r）为0．9993～0．9997,相对标准偏差为1．62％-2．69％,加标回收率为97．5％～104％,F^-、Cl^-和SO4^2＋最低检出限分别为0．02、0．01和0．50μg,／ml。结论该方法可同时测定工作场所空气中的HF、HCl和H2SO4的浓度,而且灵敏度高,精密度好,回收率高,样品贮存时间长,并测定快速。     

水相滤膜在离子色谱分析中应用的研究

[目的]为了解水相滤膜对离子色谱分析是否有影响。[方法]本文以F^-,Cl^-,NO3^-和SO4^2-，作为检验项目，用离子色谱法分析了市场上一些水相滤膜的四种阴离子含量。[结果]列出的几种滤膜均含有一定量的F^-,Cl^-,NO3^-和SO4^2-。[结论]在用水相滤膜前要多次清洗，才能使它对离子色谱分析的影响降到最低程度。     

垃圾焚烧残渣无机盐溶出实验

对垃圾焚烧烟气灰及炉渣中无机盐阴离子进行溶解性实验,包括F^-,Cl^-,NO2^-,PO4^3-,Br^-,NO3^-,SO4^2-,试验结果表明烟气灰中NO2^-,PO4^3-,Br^-比较难溶出,F^-经过150倍纯水45min的浸出仍未被溶出,而Cl^-,NO3^-,SO4^2-几乎完全被溶出;炉渣中Br^-,SO4^2-未被溶出,PO4^3-,NO2^-较难溶出,NO3^-,F^-,Cl^-几乎完全溶出。     

离子色谱法同时测定地表水中4种无机阴离子

目的建立1次进样同时测定水中4种无机阴离子F^-、Cl^-、NO3^--N、SO42-的方法。方法用Dionex ICS-1000离子色谱仪,Ionpac AS9-HC分离柱。淋洗液为3.5mmol/L NaCO3-1.0mmol/L NaHCO3,流速1.20mL/min,进样量25μL,电导检测。结果能简便、快速、有效地分离检测水中4种阴离子。方法线性关系好（r〉0.9998）,线性范围宽,检出限低（0.0121～0.156mg/L）,RSD〈3.0%,样品加标平均回收率98.0%～100.7%。结论该方法操作简单,检测所用试剂少,灵敏度高,线性范围较宽,能快速得到准确的检验结果,适用于大批量水样检测。     

离子色谱法测定生活饮用水中的阴离子

[目的 ]建立一种能够同时测定生活饮用水中四种阴离子的方法。 [方法 ]应用DX 80型离子色谱仪测定生活饮用水中的F 、Cl 、NO3 N、SO42 ,淋洗液为 8 0mmol/LNaCO3 1 0mmol/LNaHCO3 溶液 ,再生液为 72mmol/LH2 SO4溶液 ,进样量10 μI。[结果 ]四种阴离子在上述条件下分离良好 ,定量测定的线性相关系数 >0 9997,回收率范围为 96 0 %～ 10 3 1% ,相对标准偏差为 0 42 %～ 4 63 %。 [结论 ]生活饮用水中的F 、Cl 、NO3 N、SO42 四种阴离子可用离子色谱法同时测定     

离子色谱法同时测定饮用水中的十种无机阴离子

目的建立能同时测定水样中Fˉ、ClO2ˉ、BrO3ˉ、Clˉ、NO2ˉ、Bˉr、ClO3ˉ、NO3ˉ、PO4^3ˉ、SO4^2ˉ一等10种无机阴离子的方法。方法采用离子色谱法，选用IonPacAS9分离柱，9．0mmol／L NaHCO3为淋洗液，水样经沉淀脱色后，过滤进样分析。结果能简便、快速、有效地分离检测水中的十种无机阴离子。方法的相关性好（r〉0．9991），线性范围广、检出限低（0．013～0．092mg／L），RSD〈2．28％，样品加标回收率94．0％～103．0％。同时对测定的酸碱度、共存非测定离子、相邻离子间等干扰因素进行研究，确保测定的准确性，结果令人满意。结论本法干扰小、灵敏度高、结果准确、操作简便，对多种水样适应性好，适合水中十种无机阴离子的同时检测分析。     

生活饮用水中4种阴离子的离子色谱测定法

目的建立同时测定饮水中的氟化物、氯化物、硝酸盐氮和硫酸盐的离子色谱测定法。方法依据生活饮用水卫生规范(GB/T 5750-2006)对样品进行测定。3.6 mmol/L的碳酸钠溶液作淋洗液,使用SI-524E色谱柱和SI-90G保护柱进行离子色谱法测定。结果最低检出限分别为F-0.02 mg/L、Cl-0.01 mg/L、NO3-0.006 mg/L、SO42-0.50 mg/L,回收率在98%～103%之间,相关系数均大于0.999。结论该方法灵敏度高,回收率好,操作简便,工作强度低,适合于水质分析中F-、Cl-、NO3-、SO42-这4种阴离子的含量测定。     

同时测定生活饮用水中4种阴离子的在线超滤-离子色谱法

目的采用在线超滤技术建立离子色谱法同时测定生活饮用水中Cl-、SO42-、F-和NO3-4种阴离子的方法。方法用电导检测-离子色谱仪,Metrosep A Supp 4-250型分离柱,1.8 mmol/L Na2CO3-1.7 mmol/L NaHCO3为淋洗液,流速1.0 ml/min。样品经超滤池0.22μm滤膜在线超滤、测定。结果 4种阴离子的最低检出限为3.58～7.21μg/L,加标回收率为94.0%～102.5%,相对标准偏差均小于2%。结论该方法简便,快速,准确,适用于饮用水中Cl-、SO42-、F-和NO3-的测定。     

离子色谱仪对沿海饮水中F^-、Cl^-、NO3^-、SO4^-方法的研究

F^-、Cl^-、NO3^-、SO4^2-的含量测定均有成熟的经典方法。这些方法虽然稳定，精密度好，但比较繁琐，需要的玻璃仪器多、试剂多，个别试剂对人体有害，需要配制标准滴定溶液等等，耗费大量的人力物力。离子色谱法是测定阴离子的有效方法，虽然方法已确立，但在沿海地区过高的氯离子对氟离子有很大的干扰，用离子色谱按国标检验方法测得的氟离子很不理想。出现水的负峰和氯离子浓度过高都干扰氟离子的准确测定，为此进行研究。     

Surveillance of influenza in Apulia, Italy, 1999-2000, 2000-2001, 2001-2002, and 2002-2003 seasons

BACKGROUND: The objective of this study was to evaluate, within the Italian National Influenza Epidemiological and Virological Surveillance, the rate of vaccination coverage, the incidence of Influenza Like-Illness (ILI), the incidence of Acute Respiratory Illness (ARI), and to identify the virus strains circulating in Apulia from 1999 to 2003. METHODS: Vaccination coverage rates were calculated based on the number of doses administered to individuals > 65 years of age. Every week, sentinel physicians reported ILI and ARI cases having occurred among their patients. Voluntary general practitioners (GPs) and paediatricians (Ps) collected oropharyngeal swab samples from patients suspected with ILI. Influenza viruses were isolated and identified by cell culture (MDCK cells) and RT-PCR. Virological surveillance was carried out by the ISS, in collaboration with a network of peripheral laboratories. RESULTS: In Apulia, vaccination coverage progressively increased to 68.6% during the 2002-2003 season. The analysis of ILI cases showed higher incidence rates during the 1999-2000 and 2002-2003 seasons. ARI rates appeared to have a more constant trend. ILI and ARI incidence rates were higher in the 0-14 year age group. CONCLUSION: The increase in vaccination coverage rates and implementation of the network of clinical, and epidemiological and virological surveillance are fundamental for the control and prevention of influenza.     

盘式蚊香、电热片蚊香、电热液体蚊香、杀虫气雾剂四项国家标准经修订后已正式公布实施

由中国轻工业联合会组织国内一些知名企业和专家编写的“家用卫生杀虫剂国家标准”气雾杀虫剂、电热蚊香、电热液体蚊香、盘式蚊香经四年多的曲折终于于二三年三月二十二日于北京正式“宣贯”付诸实施 ,这次修订的家用卫生杀虫剂“四项”标准 ,主要在有效成分相对偏差的控制范围、生物药效、热贮稳定的降解率等主要技术指标上作了调整 ,对一些物理性能指标在检测方法上进行了统一。总而言之 ,经修订的这四个国家标准无论从标准本身还是它的可操作性上都具备一定的水平。对提高企业产品质量 ,推动行业技术进步 ,维护广大消费者的利益和加…     

Abundance of ADAM-8, -9, -10, -12, -15 and -17 and ADAMTS-1 in mouse uterus during the oestrous cycle

The aim of the present study was to determine whether a disintegrin and metalloproteinase (ADAM)-8, -9, -10, -12, -15 and -17 and a disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin motifs (ADAMTS)-1 are involved in the remodelling process of the mouse uterus during the oestrous cycle. The mRNA expression of ADAM was observed in all uterine tissues throughout the entire cycle. The levels of ADAM-8 mRNA were maximal at pro-oestrus, whereas the expression of ADAM-9 and ADAMTS-1 mRNA was maximal at oestrus. The minimum mRNA level of all ADAM genes always occurred at dioestrus. The mRNA levels of ADAM-10, -12, -15 and -17 did not vary significantly, regardless of the stage of the oestrous cycle. Immunoblot analyses demonstrated the presence of all ADAM proteins throughout the cycle. In terms of protein intensities, ADAM-8, -12 and -17 were maximal at pro-oestrus, whereas ADAM-10 and ADAMTS-1 were maximal at metoestrus and ADAM-9 was maximal at oestrus. Regardless of the ADAM species, minimal protein expression always occurred at dioestrus. Immunohistochemical studies showed ADAM protein expression in luminal and glandular epithelial layers, but not in the stromal layer. Moreover, ADAM proteins were found to be heterogeneously localised and their individual localisations depended on the stage of the oestrous cycle. From these observations, we suggest that the ADAM genes play an important role in mouse uterine tissue remodelling during the oestrous cycle.     

Surveillance for influenza--United States, 1994-95, 1995-96, and 1996-97 seasons.

PROBLEM/CONDITION: Influenza epidemics occur nearly every year during the winter months and are responsible for substantial morbidity and mortality in the United States, including an average of approximately 114,000 hospitalizations and 20,000 deaths per year. REPORTING PERIOD: This report summarizes U.S. influenza surveillance data from October 1994 through May 1997, from both active and passive surveillance systems. DESCRIPTION OF SYSTEM: During the period covered, CDC received weekly reports from October through May from a) state and territorial epidemiologists on estimates of local influenza activity, b) approximately 140 sentinel physicians on their total number of patient visits and the number of cases of influenza-like illness (ILI), and c) approximately 70 World Health Organization (WHO) collaborating laboratories in the United States on weekly influenza virus isolations. WHO collaborating laboratories also submitted influenza isolates to CDC for antigenic analysis. Throughout the year, vital statistics offices in 121 cities reported deaths related to pneumonia and influenza (P&I) weekly, providing a measure of the impact of influenza on mortality. RESULTS: During the 1994-95 influenza season, 25 state epidemiologists reported regional or widespread activity at the peak of the season. Cases of ILI reported by sentinel physicians exceeded baseline levels for 4 weeks, peaking at 5%. Influenza A(H3N2) was the most frequently isolated influenza virus type/subtype. The longest period of sustained excess mortality was 5 consecutive weeks, when the percentage of deaths attributed to P&I exceeded the epidemic threshold, peaking at 7.6%. During the 1995-96 season, 33 state epidemiologists reported regional or widespread activity at the peak of the season. ILI cases exceeded baseline levels for 5 weeks, peaking at 7%. Influenza A(H1N1) viruses predominated, although influenza A(H3N2) and influenza B viruses also were identified throughout the United States. P&I mortality exceeded the epidemic threshold for 6 consecutive weeks, peaking at 8.2%. The 1996-97 season was the most severe of the three seasons summarized in this report. Thirty-nine state epidemiologists reported regional or widespread activity at the peak of the season. ILI reports exceeded baseline levels for 5 consecutive weeks, peaking at 7%. The proportion of respiratory specimens positive for influenza peaked at 34%, with influenza A(H3N2) viruses predominating. Influenza B viruses were identified throughout the United States, but only one influenza A(H1N1) virus isolate was reported overall. The proportion of deaths attributed to P&I exceeded the epidemic threshold for 10 consecutive weeks, peaking at 9.1%. INTERPRETATION: Influenza A(H1N1), A(H3N2), and B viruses circulated during 1994-1997. Local surveillance data are important because of geographic and temporal differences in the circulation of influenza types/subtypes. PUBLIC HEALTH ACTIONS: CDC conducts active national surveillance annually from October through May for influenza to detect the emergence and spread of influenza virus variants and monitor the impact of influenza-related morbidity and mortality. Surveillance data are provided weekly throughout the influenza season to public health officials, WHO, and health-care providers and can be used to guide prevention and control activities, vaccine strain selection, and patient care.     

Heat-related mortality--Arizona, 1993-2002, and United States, 1979-2002

Hyperthermia is the elevation of body temperature resulting from the body's inability to dissipate heat. Continued exposure to ambient heat close to body temperature (98.6 degrees F [37.0 degrees C]) contributes to a substantial number of deaths from hyperthermia, especially among elderly persons. To assess the health risk from hyperthermia, Arizona health practitioners and CDC researched cases of heat-related death and illness in Arizona, used U.S. death certificate data to summarize trends in heat-related deaths, and compared age-specific, heat-related death rates in Arizona with those in the United States overall. Findings indicated that, during 1979-2002, a total of 4,780 heat-related deaths in the United States were attributable to weather conditions and that, during 1993-2002, the incidence of such deaths was three to seven times greater in Arizona than in the United States overall. Public health agencies in communities affected by periods of extreme heat should educate populations at risk (e.g., persons aged > or = 65 years) and consider designing and implementing location-specific heat response plans (HRPs).     

Heat-related deaths--Chicago,Illinois, 1996-2001, and United States, 1979-1999

Heat waves (i.e., >/=3 consecutive days of air temperatures >/=90 degrees F [>/=32.2 degrees C]) are meteorologic events that contribute significantly to heat-related deaths. Exposure to excessive heat can cause illness, injury, and death. This report describes four cases of heat-related deaths, as reported by the Office of the Medical Examiner, Cook County, Chicago, that occurred during 1996-2001; summarizes total heat-related deaths in Chicago during 1996-2001; and compares the number of heat-related deaths during the 1995 and 1999 Chicago heat waves. This report also summarizes trends in the United States during 1979-1999, describes risk factors associated with heat-related deaths and symptoms, and outlines preventive measures for heat-related illness, injury, and death. Persons at risk for heat-related death should reduce strenuous outdoor activities, drink water or nonalcoholic beverages frequently, and seek air conditioning.     

Hypothermia-related deaths--Utah, 2000, and United States, 1979-1-998

Hypothermia is a medical emergency that is completely preventable. Hypothermia occurs when persons are exposed to ambient cold temperatures without appropriate protection for extended periods of time. The clinical definition of hypothermia is a core body temperature < or = 95 F (35 C). This report describes cases of hypothermia-related deaths in Utah during 2000 and describes unintentional hypothermia-related deaths in the United States during 1979-1998. The Utah cases illustrate risk factors and environmental conditions associated with hypothermia.     

Industrial gassing poisonings due to trichlorethylene, perchlorethylene, and 1-1-1 trichloroethane, 1961-80

During the period 1961-80, 384 cases of industrial gassing poisonings by trichlorethylene, perchlorethylene, and 1-1-1 trichloroethane (methylchloroform) were reported to HM Factory Inspectorate. A study of these data, which have been collated and analysed with particular reference to sex, age, clinical manifestations, and circumstances of the incident, is presented. Possible bias of the data owing to its source and method of extraction is discussed. The study shows the hazards inherent in the use of these narcotic solvents and discusses the circumstances that appear most likely to produce problems. The vulnerability of the younger worker is shown. Toxic effects were most commonly exerted on the central nervous system but no good evidence of cardiac or hepatic toxicity was found. In nine cases evidence of deliberate sniffing of solvent was reported. The problem of solvent abuse in an industrial context is discussed.