吲哚青绿在年龄相关性黄斑变性的应用新进展

吲哚青绿(indocyanine green,ICG)是一种较安全的吲哚染料,在眼科的应用逐渐受到关注,已在血管造影和吲哚青绿介导的激光治疗等方面得到应用。我们现对吲哚青绿的发展历史、在年龄相关性黄斑变性(age related macular degeneration,AMD)中的应用现状及进展进行综述。     

眼挫伤后脉络膜病变FFA及ICGA的对比观察

目的 应用荧光素和吲哚青绿眼底血管造影，了解眼挫伤后脉络膜血管的病变。方法 应用德国Heidelberg共焦激光扫描眼底血管造影技术对眼挫伤患者16例（17眼）进行荧光素和吲哚青绿血管造影检查，观察脉络膜血管的异常变化。结果 17眼中，眼底荧光素血管造影显示视网膜血管充盈时间和血管形态大致正常，显示高网膜渗漏5眼。眼底吲哚青绿血管造影显示局限性脉络膜充盈延迟16眼、血管扩张5眼、荧光遮蔽2眼及吲哚青绿渗漏8眼。结论 由于脉络膜血管主要供应视膜外层，因此外伤性视网膜脉络膜病变对视功能影响很大，吲哚青绿血管造影提供了对各种程度脉络膜血管损害的分析依据。     

糖尿病的荧光素和吲哚青绿眼底血管造影

近年来,荧光素及吲哚青绿眼底血管造影在Ⅱ型糖尿病视网膜病变诊断中的应用.其中包括将荧光素及吲哚青绿血管造影用于早期诊断非增殖期、增殖前期、增殖期糖尿病视网膜病变及糖尿病黄斑病变的诊断与分型等.毫无疑问,应用荧光素及吲哚青绿眼底血管造影技术能更透彻理解糖尿病视网膜病变,并能增加其诊断的准确率.     

吲哚青绿脉络膜血管造影Ⅲ.技术新进展

吲哚青绿脉络膜血管造影Ⅲ．技术新进展陈有信，董方田综述张承芬审校（上接１９９４年第１０卷第４期第２５６页）１吲哚青绿脉络膜血管录像造影（ｉｎｄｏｃｙａｎｉｎｅｇｒｅｅｎｃｈｏｒｏｉｄａｌｖｉｄｅｏａｎｇｉｏｇｒａｐｈｙ）［１，２］８０年代，录相技术日...     

激光扫描眼底镜同时荧光血管造影和吲哚青绿血管造影

眼底荧光血管造影 (ＦＦＡ)和吲哚青绿血管造影 (ＩＣＧＡ)是检查和记录视网膜、脉络膜血管状态的重要诊断技术。现代的眼底荧光血管造影在 6 0年代就应用于临床 ,人们已经有很清楚的认识 ;而吲哚青绿血管造影是 90年代中期才开始应用 ,虽然目前ＦＦＡ、ＩＣＧＡ的检查在各地已     

吲哚青绿前囊膜染色在白色白内障连续环形撕囊术中的应用

目的：探讨0.5%吲哚青绿溶液前囊膜染色在白色白内障环形撕囊术中提高前囊膜能见度的有效性，安全性及其手术技巧。方法：共30例白色白内障患者接受了0.5%吲哚青绿溶液囊膜染色，采用前房气泡下染色法，27号钝针头抽取0.5%吲哚青绿溶液0.1ml，自辅助切口注入到前囊膜中央表面，留置30秒，平衡盐液置换出空气和多余染料，应用撕囊镊完成连续环形撕囊操作。结果：经0.5%吲哚青绿溶液染色后30例白色白内障的前囊膜呈现均匀的淡绿色，能见度显著提高。撕囊成功率96.7%。术后裂隙灯显微镜下未见染料颗粒残存。未见与染色有关的角膜内皮受损，虹膜炎及眼丈夫升高等并发症。结论：0.5%吲哚青绿溶液前囊膜染色可安全有效地应用于白色白内障环形撕囊术中，但需注意吲哚青绿溶液的配置方法和撕囊操作技巧。     

开展吲哚青绿脉络膜血管造影研究，提高眼底病临床诊治和研究水平

开展吲哚青绿脉络膜血管造影研究，提高眼底病临床诊治和研究水平张承芬陈有信１８５１年Ｈｅｌｍｈｏｌｔｚ发明的检眼镜和１９６１年Ｎｏｖｏｔｎｙ与Ａｌｖｉｓ发明的眼底荧光血管造影（ｆｕｎｄｕｓｆｌｕｏｒｅｓｃｅｉｎａｎｇｉｏｇｒａｐｈｙ，ＦＦＡ）［１］两项...     

吲哚青绿眼底血管造影在常见眼底病诊断中的应用

吲哚青绿眼底血管造影（ICGA）在1970年用于眼底造影。相较于传统的荧光素钠造影（FFA）能更好的反应脉络膜层血液循环的状况,可作为诊断脉络膜病变的重要辅助手段。通过动态观察ICGA可以明确病变部位、分类,指导治疗,评估预后等。本文就吲哚青绿目前在眼科临床上的应用作一综述。     

青光眼视盘的吲哚青绿眼底血管造影

吲哚青绿眼底血管造影(ICGA)能较好而直观地显示脉络膜血液循环，近年来，这项技术已开始应用于青光眼视盘血供的研究，以帮助阐明青光眼视神经病变的发生机制。本对青光眼视盘的ICGA造影过程、表现、意义及临床应用前景进行综述。     

吲哚青绿脉络膜血管造影Ⅱ.临床应用

吲哚青绿脉络膜血管造影Ⅱ．临床应用陈有信，叶俊杰综述张承芬审校一、造影设备及操作［１，２］１．设备：基本设备应包括一台眼底照相机，摄速要达１０～３０帧／秒；电视监视器；电子装置包括自动计时及自动快门装置；滤光片用以去除波长在７００～７３０和８５０～１...     

The results of research on the antioxidant emoksipin in clinical eye diseases

Emoxipin, a new lipid peroxidation inhibitor, has been used in the treatment of various ophthalmic diseases. The drug is characterized by a retinal-protective and an additional fibrinolytic effects; it has been effectively used to preserve the visual function in glaucoma, to treat intraocular hemorrhages and retinal injuries with physical, chemical, or bacterial factors. A manifest effect has been observed in 87% of 106 patients (118 eyes) with various ocular abnormalities. Emoxipin is recommended for the treatment of a variety of ocular diseases.     

Amniotic membrane transplantation: a review of current indications in the management of ophthalmic disorders

Amniotic membrane transplantation is currently being used for a continuously widening spectrum of ophthalmic indications. It has gained widespread attention as an effective method of reconstruction of the ocular surface. Amniotic membrane has a unique combination of properties, including the facilitation of migration of epithelial cells, the reinforcement of basal cellular adhesion and the encouragement of epithelial differentiation. Its ability to modulate stromal scarring and its anti-inflammatory activity has led to its use in the treatment of ocular surface pathology as well as an adjunct to limbal stem cell grafts. Amniotic membrane transplantation has been used for reconstruction of the corneal surface in the setting of persistent epithelial defects, partial limbal stem cell deficiency, bullous keratopathy and corneoscleral ulcers. It has also been used in conjunction with limbal stem cell transplantation for total limbal stem cell deficiency. Amniotic membrane grafts have been effectively used as a conjunctival substitute for reconstruction of conjunctival defects following removal of pterygia, conjunctival lesions and symblephara. More recently, amniotic membrane has been used as a substrate for ex vivo cultivation of limbal, corneal and conjunctival epithelial cells. This article reviews the current literature on the applications of amniotic membrane transplantation and its outcome in various ophthalmic conditions.     

Current indications of transpupillary thermotherapy for the treatment of posterior segment diseases

Transpupillary thermotherapy has recently emerged as a therapeutic option for patients with numerous posterior segment disorders. During the past decade, it has been used for the management of benign and malignant tumors, either as sole therapy or in combination with other treatments such a plaque radiotherapy. More recently, it has been used for management of choroidal neovascularization (CNV) secondary to age-related macular degeneration. A prospective, randomized, sham-controlled multicenter clinical trial (TTT4CNV) is currently underway to evaluate the effectiveness of TTT for the management of CNV.     

角膜热成形术的研究进展

角膜热成形术作为治疗圆锥角膜和远视的手术方法经历了悠久的发展历程，早在100^＋a前就用于动物实验，近30^＋a来，随着对热源研究的进展，角膜热成形术逐渐应用于临床。目前，一种以射频能量为热源的传导性角膜成形术被正式应用于临床治疗远视、散光、老视，并取得了较好的疗效，综述如下。     

醋酸去炎松在玻璃体切割术和黄斑水肿的临床应用研究进展

去炎松是一种非水溶性的长效糖皮质激素，能强力抑制炎症。已被用作抗炎药防治实验性增生性玻璃体视网膜病变和眼内新生血管形成。新近在玻璃体切割术中将去炎松注入玻璃体内，能增加玻璃体的可见度，提高手术操作的安全性，并抑制术后血—眼屏障的破坏。玻璃体内注射醋酸去炎松还用于治疗难治性糖尿病黄斑水肿，由于视网膜中央静脉阻塞或炎症引起的慢性黄斑水肿，以及渗出性年龄相关性黄斑变性。这是一种有希望的疗法，目前尚未发现不能控制的并发症。其长期效果和安全性还有待评价。     

Amniotic membrane surgery

Human amniotic membrane (AM) is composed of three layers: a single epithelial layer, a thick basement membrane, and an avascular stroma. Amniotic membrane has anti-adhesive properties and is felt to promote epithelialization and decrease inflammation, neovascularization, and fibrosis. Amniotic membrane transplantation (AMT) is currently being used for a continuously widening spectrum of ophthalmic indications. Amniotic membrane transplantation has been shown to be effective in the reconstruction of the corneal surface in the setting of persistent epithelial defects, sterile corneal ulcerations, and partial limbal stem cell (LSC) deficiency states, including those secondary to chemical or thermal burns. Amniotic membrane transplantation also has been used in conjunction with limbal stem cell transplantation (LSCT) both in a concurrent fashion as well as in preparation for LSCT. Amniotic membrane transplantation also has been used in place of conjunctival autografting after pterygium excision and to reconstruct the conjunctival surface after removal of conjunctival lesions. Most recently, ex vivo cultivation and expansion of limbal epithelial cells has been performed utilizing AM as a matrix. However, the superiority of AMT over other treatment modalities in many of these settings needs to be substantiated by controlled clinical trials.     

Endoscopic and transscleral cyclophotocoagulation for the treatment of refractory glaucoma

PURPOSE: Cyclophotocoagulation (CPC) is traditionally used in cases of glaucoma that are refractory to medical and surgical therapy. The goal of this review is to provide an update on the methods, efficacy, complications, indications, and histopathology of transscleral and endoscopic CPC. METHODS: A literature review was conducted for transscleral and endoscopic CPC. Relevant studies were included for evaluation of the procedures. RESULTS: For transscleral CPC (TCP), there is a wide range of success rates reported in the literature, depending on energy settings, follow-up period, and definitions of success. Repeat TCP is often required. Serious complications have included significant vision loss, hypotony, and phthisis. TCP has mostly been performed in very severe forms of glaucoma, in eyes with limited visual potential, or after filtration surgery has failed, although more recently TCP has been used as a primary surgery in eyes with good visual potential. There are more limited published results on endoscopic CPC (ECP), which have demonstrated overall good success. Complication rates are relatively low with ECP, however, large studies with long-term follow-up are lacking. ECP has also been used in difficult, refractory cases, but often used earlier when combined with cataract surgery. CONCLUSIONS: Both TCP and ECP are effective surgeries with potential for serious complications. Recent studies suggest they may be used increasingly as the primary surgery for various stages of glaucoma.     

Latest developments in meibography: A review

Meibography is a visualisation technique that has been used for over 40 years. There have been significant improvements in image quality, examination technique and image interpretation over this period. Although meibography has received sporadic reviews in the past, an updated review is timely due to the rapid recent rise of relevant technology and advances in both image processing and artificial intelligence. The primary aim of this paper is to review recent research into Meibomian gland imaging and update the community about the most relevant technologies and approaches used in the field.     

糖尿病视网膜病变中Rho激酶的治疗潜力

Rho激酶最初被认为是G蛋白Rho的效应蛋白。Rho激酶参与了各种疾病,如癌症和心血管疾病,并且Rho激酶抑制剂已经在临床应用于脑血管痉挛和青光眼的相关治疗。糖尿病视网膜病变（diabetic retinopathy,DR）是糖尿病常见的并发症之一,也是导致视力丧失的主要原因。而抗VEGF治疗由于其很好的疗效最近被广泛用于DR的治疗,但相关的风险和并发症也得到广泛关注。在病理性糖尿病视网膜条件下,Rho激酶的重要性也得到阐明,使得其成为具有吸引力的一个潜在的治疗靶点。Rho激酶是参与血管生成和通透性以及各种疾病如炎症和神经变性的发病机制之一。这使得Rho激酶抑制剂成为DR的新的分子靶向药物。本文对Rho激酶作用机制及其在DR治疗中的应用做简要综述。     

Color Doppler Imaging of Retinal Diseases

Color Doppler imaging (CDI) is a widely used method for evaluating ocular circulation that has been used in a number of studies on retinal diseases. CDI assesses blood velocity parameters by using ultrasound waves. In ophthalmology, these assessments are mainly performed on the retrobulbar blood vessels: the ophthalmic, the central retinal, and the short posterior ciliary arteries. In this review, we discuss CDI use for the assessment of retinal diseases classified into the following: vascular diseases, degenerations, dystrophies, and detachment. The retinal vascular diseases that have been investigated by CDI include diabetic retinopathy, retinal vein occlusions, retinal artery occlusions, ocular ischemic conditions, and retinopathy of prematurity. Degenerations and dystrophies included in this review are age-related macular degeneration, myopia, and retinitis pigmentosa. CDI has been used for the differential diagnosis of retinal detachment, as well as the evaluation of retrobulbar circulation in this condition. CDI is valuable for research and is a potentially useful diagnostic tool in the clinical setting.