右美托咪啶对舒芬太尼抑制甲状腺切除术患者切皮时体动反应半数有效效应室靶浓度的影响

目的 评价右美托咪啶对舒芬太尼抑制甲状腺切除术患者体动反应的半数有效效应室靶浓度(EC50)的影响.方法 择期行甲状腺双叶次全切除术患者,性别不限,ASA分级Ⅰ或Ⅱ级,年龄20～64岁,体重指数20～2.5 kg/m2,采用随机数字表法,将其随机分为2组,D组经10 min静脉输注右美托咪啶0.6 μg/kg,C组给予等容量生理盐水,停止给药后5 min时开始靶控输注异丙酚,血浆靶浓度为3.0 μg/ml,输注10 min时,2组开始靶控输注舒芬太尼,第1例患者的效应室靶浓度为0.20ng/ml,输注舒芬太尼3 min时置入喉罩,保留自主呼吸,待舒芬太尼达到目标靶浓度后,开始手术.根据切皮时是否发生体动反应确定下一例患者舒芬太尼的靶浓度,相邻靶浓度比值为1.2.采用序贯法计算舒芬太尼抑制切皮时体动反应的EC50及其95%可信区间(95%CI).结果 C组和D组样本数分别为19和20,舒芬太尼抑制切皮时体动反应的EC50分别为0.1454 ng/ml(95%CI 0.1339～0.1580 ng/ml)和0.1148 ng/ml(95%CI 0.1055～0.1249 ng/ml),D组EC50低于C组(P＜0.05).结论 术前静脉注射右美托咪啶0.6 μg/kg可降低舒芬太尼抑制甲状腺切除术患者切皮时体动反应的EC50.

Abstract：

Objective To investigate the effect of dexmedetomidine on median effective target effect-site concentration ( EC50) of sufentanil inhibiting body movement evoked by skin incision in patients undergoing bilateral subtotal thyroidectomy. Methods Thirty-nine ASA I or II patients of both sexes aged 20-64 yr with a body mass index of 20-25 kg/m2 undergoing bilateral subtotal thyroidectomy were randomly divided into 2 groups: control group (group C) and dexmedetomidine group (group D). The patients were premedicated with intramuscular phenobarbital 0.1 g and scopolamine 0.3 mg. In group D dexmedetomidine 0.6 μg/kg was injected iv over 10 min at S min before induction of anesthesia. Anesthesia was induced with target-controlled infusion (TCI) of propofol and sufentanil. The target plasma concentration of propofol was set at 3.0 μg/ml which was maintained until the end of operation. TCI of sufentanil was started at 10 min after initiation of propofol TCI. The initial target effect-site concentration was set at 0.20 ng/ml and decreased/increased by 20% in the next patient according to whether the patient's body moved or not within 1 min after skin incision. Laryngeal mask airway was inserted at 3 min after initiation of sufentanil TCI. Spontaneous breathing was maintained. Skin incision was made at 10 min after initiation of sufentanil TCI. The EC50 and 95% confidence interval (CI) of sufentanil inhibiting skin incision-evoked body movement were calculated with sequential method. Results EC50, of sufentanil was 0.1148 ng/ml (95% CI 0.1055-0.1249 ng/ml) in group D and 0.1454 ng/ml (95% CI 0.1339-0.1580 ng/ml) in group C, and was significantly lower in group D than in group C. Conclusion Dexmedetomidine 0.6 μg/kg infused iv before operation can reduce the EC50 of sufentanil inhibiting body movement evoked by skin incision in patients undergoing bilateral subtotal thyroidectomy.     

不同效应室靶浓度瑞芬太尼对患者异丙酚镇静效应的影响

目的 探讨不同效应室靶浓度瑞芬太尼对患者异丙酚镇静效应的影响.方法择期全麻手术患者50例,年龄20～55岁,体重48～86 kg,性别不限,ASA分级Ⅰ或Ⅱ级,BMI＜30 kg/m2,采用随机数字表法,将患者随机分为5组(n=10):R0组、R1组、R2组、R3组、R4组.麻醉诱导时R0组～R4组瑞芬太尼效应室靶浓度分别为0、2 4 6和8 ng/ml,异丙酚初始效应室靶浓度2.0 μg/ml,待效应室浓度稳定之后每隔1 min增加0.5 μg/ml,直至BIS值降至50.记录患者意识消失时的BIS值、异丙酚效应室浓度.记录BIS值降至50时的异丙酚效应室浓度、异丙酚总用量及所需时间.结果 与R0组比较,R2组～R4组意识消失时BIS值升高,异丙酚效应室浓度降低,BIS值降至50时异丙酚总用量和异丙酚效应室浓度降低,所需时间缩短(P＜0.05或0.01),R.组上述指标差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05);R2组～R4组意识消失时BIS值和异丙酚效应室浓度、BIB值降至50时异丙酚总用量和异丙酚效应室浓度以及所需时间差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论 瑞芬太尼效应室靶浓度达4 ng/ml时可增强异丙酚的镇静效应,且4、6和8 ng/ml时该作用无差异.

Abstract：

Objective To investigate the effects of different target effect-site concentrations (Ces) of remifentanil on the sedative effect of propofol. Methods Fifty ASA Ⅰ or Ⅱ patients aged 20-55 yr weighing 48-86 kg with body mass index ＜ 30 kg/m2 were randomly divided into 5 groups ( n = 10 each) . Anesthesia was induced with TCI of remifentanil (Ce = 0, 2, 4, 6 and 8 ng/ml in groups R0-R4 respectively) and propofol. The initial Ce of propofol was 2.0 μg/ml in the 5 groups, and then the Ce of propofol increased by 0.5 μg/ml every 1 min until BIS value decreased to 50. BIS value and Ce of propofol were recorded as the patient lost consciousness. The effect-site concentration and consumption of propofol and the time required were recorded when BIS value decreased to 50.Results BIS value was significantly increased, while the effect-site concentration of propofol was significantly decreased as the patient lost consciousness, and the effect-site concentration and consumption of propofol were significantly decreased and the time required was shortened when BIS value decreased to 50 in R2-R4 groups compared with group R0 (P ＜ 0.05 or 0.01) . Conclusion The sedative effect of propofol can be enhanced when the Ce of remifentanil reaches 4 ng/ml, and the effects are comparable when the Ce of remifentanil reaches 4, 6 and 8 ng/ml.     

复合TCI异丙酚时瑞芬太尼抑制支撑喉镜诱发心血管反应的EC50

Objective To determine the median effective concentration(EC50) of remifentanil by TCI inhibiting the cardiovascular response to the placement of operating laryngoscope performed under propofol anesthesia administered by TCI.Methods Twenty ASA Ⅰ orⅡ patients,aged 20-51 yr,weighing 52-83 kg,undergoing extirpation of vocal cord polyps under general anesthesia with remifentanil-pmpofol administered by TCI.were enrolled in the study.The target plasma concentration (Cp) of propofol was set at 4μg/ml.Operating laryngoscope was placed at 3 min after tracheal intubation.HR and MAP were continuously monitored.When HR or MAP increased by 15%,the candiovascular response was defined as positive.The EC50 was determined by up-and-down technique.The initial Cp of remifentanil was set at 5 ng/ml and was increased/decreased by 20%in the next patient if the cardiovascular response was positive or negative.Results No chest wall stiffness and intraoperative awareness occurred in all the patients.The EC50 of remifentanil TCI inhibiting the cardiovascular response to the placement of operating laryngoscope was 3.50ng/ml with confidence interval(CI) between 3.47-3.60 ng/ml.Conclusion Thee EC50 of remifentanil TCI inhibiting cardiovascular response to the placement of operating laryngoscope is 3.50ng/ml with CI between 3.47-3.60ng/ml.     

复合TCI异丙酚时瑞芬太尼抑制支撑喉镜诱发心血管反应的EC50

Objective To determine the median effective concentration(EC50) of remifentanil by TCI inhibiting the cardiovascular response to the placement of operating laryngoscope performed under propofol anesthesia administered by TCI.Methods Twenty ASA Ⅰ orⅡ patients,aged 20-51 yr,weighing 52-83 kg,undergoing extirpation of vocal cord polyps under general anesthesia with remifentanil-pmpofol administered by TCI.were enrolled in the study.The target plasma concentration (Cp) of propofol was set at 4μg/ml.Operating laryngoscope was placed at 3 min after tracheal intubation.HR and MAP were continuously monitored.When HR or MAP increased by 15%,the candiovascular response was defined as positive.The EC50 was determined by up-and-down technique.The initial Cp of remifentanil was set at 5 ng/ml and was increased/decreased by 20%in the next patient if the cardiovascular response was positive or negative.Results No chest wall stiffness and intraoperative awareness occurred in all the patients.The EC50 of remifentanil TCI inhibiting the cardiovascular response to the placement of operating laryngoscope was 3.50ng/ml with confidence interval(CI) between 3.47-3.60 ng/ml.Conclusion Thee EC50 of remifentanil TCI inhibiting cardiovascular response to the placement of operating laryngoscope is 3.50ng/ml with CI between 3.47-3.60ng/ml.     

不同效应室靶浓度瑞芬太尼对患者意识消失和伤害性刺激诱发体动反应消失时依托咪酯半数有效浓度的影响

目的 探讨不同效应室靶浓度瑞芬太尼对患者意识消失和伤害性刺激诱发体动反应消失时依托咪酯半数有效浓度(EC50)的影响.方法 择期拟在全身麻醉下行妇科手术患者80例,ASA 分级Ⅰ或Ⅱ级,年龄18～64岁,采用随机数字表法,将患者随机分为4组(n=20):R0组不使用瑞芬太尼;R1～3组瑞芬太尼效应室靶浓度分别为1、2、3ng/ml.麻醉诱导开始时先靶控输注瑞芬太尼,达设定效应室靶浓度后,再以血浆靶浓度0.6μg/ml为起点开始靶控输注依托咪酯,此后每分钟增加依托咪酯的血浆靶浓度0.1 μg/ml直至患者意识消失及对伤害性刺激诱发体动反应消失.记录患者意识消失及对伤害性刺激诱发体动反应消失时依托咪酯的效应室靶浓度,采用Probit法计算EC50.结果 随瑞芬太尼效应室靶浓度升高,患者意识消失时和伤害性刺激诱发体动反应消失时依托咪酯的EC50逐渐降低(P<0.05).结论 靶控输注1、2.3 ng/ml的瑞芬太尼可呈浓度依赖性地强化依托咪酯的镇静镇痛作用.

Abstract：

Objective To investigate the effect of different target effect-site concentrations (Ces) ofremifentanil on the median effective concentration (EC50 ) of etomidate required for loss of consciousness and disappearance of nociceptive stimuli-induced body movement. Methods Eighty ASA Ⅰ orⅡ patients aged 18-64 yr scheduled for elective gynecological surgery under general anesthesia were randomly divided into 4 groups ( n = 20 each): group R0 received no remifentanil and R1-3 groups received remifentanil at 3 predetermined target Ces of 1,2 and 3 ng/ml respectively. At the beginning of anesthesia induction, remifentanil was given by target-controlled infusion (TCI) until the predetermined Ces were achieved, TCI of etomidate was then started at a target plasma concentration of 0.6 μg/ml and then the target plasma concentration of etomidate increased by 0.1 μg/ml every 1 min until the patients lost consciousness and the body movement induced by the nociceptive stimuli disappeared. The Ce of etomidate required for loss of consciousness and disappearance of nociceptive stimuli-induced body move-ment was recorded and the EC50 was calculated by Probit method. Results With the increase in the target Ces of remifentanil, the EC50 of etomidate required for loss of consciousness and disappearance of nociceptive stimuli-induced body movement decreased gradually (P < 0.05) .Conclusion Remifentanil given by TCI can enhance the sedative and analgesic effect of etomidate concentration-dependently.     

术中唤醒试验对舒芬太尼镇痛下脊柱侧弯矫形术患者术后谵妄的影响

目的 评价术中唤醒试验对舒芬太尼镇痛下脊柱侧弯矫形术患者术后谵妄的影响.方法 拟行脊柱侧弯矫形术患者60例,年龄12～60岁,ASA分级Ⅰ或Ⅱ级.采用分层随机法,将患者随机分为2组(n=30):术中不行唤醒试验组(C组)和术中唤醒试验组(W组).麻醉诱导:靶控输注舒芬太尼,Ce 0.5 ng/ml,静脉注射异丙酚1～2 mg/kg、顺苯磺阿曲库铵0.15 mg/kg,气管插管后行机械通气.麻醉维持:靶控吸入七氟醚,呼气末靶浓度0.8%～1.5%,靶控输注舒芬太尼,Ce 0.2～0.3ng/ml,静脉输注顺苯磺阿曲库铵0.1 mg·kg-1·h-1.术中两侧内固定棒安装后,W组行唤醒试验.术后采用舒芬太尼镇痛.术后3 d内维持患者夜间睡眠8 h以上.记录术中知晓和术后谵妄发生情况.结果 两组术中知晓和术后谵妄发生率比较差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论 对舒芬太尼镇痛下脊柱侧弯矫形术患者,术中唤醒试验并非术后谵妄发生的危险因素,可能与舒芬太尼镇痛有效地抑制围术期疼痛及术中知晓有关.

Abstract：

Objective To investigate the effect of the intraoperative wake-up test on the postoperative delirium in patients undergoing scoliosis operation under analgesia with sufentanil. Methods Sixty ASA Ⅰ or Ⅱ patients , aged 12-60 yr, scheduled for scoliosis surgery, were randomly divided into 2 groups ( n = 30 each) : control group (group C) and intraoperative wake-up test group (group W) . The intraoperative wake-up test was not performed during operation in group C. Anesthesia was induced with target-controlled infusion of sufentanil with the target effect-site concentration set at 0.5 ng/ml and iv injection of propofol 1-2 nig/kg. As soon as the patients lost consciousness, tracheal intubation was facilitated with 0.15 mg/kg cisatracurium besylate. The patients were mechanically ventilated. Anesthesia was maintained with target-controlled inhalation of sevoflurane (target end-tidal concentration 0. 8%-1. 5%), target-controlled infusion of sufentanil (target effect-site concentration 0.2-0.3 ng/ml) and iv infusion of cisatracurium besylate 0.1 mg- kg-1·h-1 . In group W, the patients underwent the intraoperative wake-up test. Postoperative analgesia was provided with sufentanil. The occurrence of intraoperative awareness and postoperative delirium was recorded. Results No significant difference was found in the incidences of intraoperative awareness and postoperative delirium between the two groups. Conclusion The intraoperative wake-up test is not the risk factor for postoperative delirium in patients undergoing scoliosis surgery under analgesia with sufentanil, and inhibition of perioperative pain and intraoperative awareness by analgesia with sufentanil may be involved in the mechanism.     

同等药效学指标下依托咪酯与丙泊酚脑电双频指数值的比较

Objective To measure the predicted plasma and effect-site EC50 and bispeetral index(BIS) of etomidate delivered with TCI,and to compare the difference in BIS value induced by etomidate and propofol at same pharmacodynamics index (EC50 of losing consciousness).Methods Forty seven patients scheduled for surgery were anesthetized with etomidate using TCI.TCL started to get a predicted plasma etomidate concentration of 0.25 mg/L,and increased by 0.03 mg/L every 30 s until patients lost their consciousness.A quantal response model(probit analysis) was used to calculate the predict plasma and effect-site EC50,EC50 and EC95 of etomidate,and the corresponding BIS values were recorded and compared to that induced with propofol reported before.Results The predicted plasma etomidate concentration of EC50 to losing consciousness was 0.59 mg/L with EC05 and EC95 of 0.46,0.71 μg/ml,respectively.The corresponding effect-site concentration of EC50 was 0.51 mg/L with EC05 and EC95 of 0.37 and 0.64 mg/L,respectively.In this study,BIS values to make 50% and 90% of patients losing their consciousness were 44 and 31～56,respectively.The BIS value induced with etomidate(45±10) was markedly lower than that with propofol(58±11) at the same pharmacodynamics index (EC50 of losing consciousness).Conclusion The predicted plasma and effectsite EC50 of etomidate administered with TCI to lose consciousness is 0.59 mg/L and 0.51 mg/L,respectively.The corresponding BIS value with etomidate is markedly lower than that with propofol.     

右美托咪啶复合靶控输注异丙酚时舒芬太尼抑制双腔气管插管反应的量效关系

目的 确定右美托咪啶复合靶控输注(TCI)异丙酚时舒芬太尼抑制双腔气管插管反应的效应室靶浓度(EC50和EC95).方法 单肺通气全麻胸外科手术患者30例,ASA分级Ⅰ或Ⅱ级,年龄40 ～ 64岁,体重指数＜30 kg/m2.经10 min静脉输注右美托咪啶0.6 μg/kg,随后以0.3μg·kg-1·h-1的速率维持至手术结束前30 min.TCI舒芬太尼3 min后TCI异丙酚,Ce 3 μg/ml,意识消失时静脉注射罗库溴铵0.8 mg/kg行双腔气管插管.采用序贯法进行试验,TCI舒芬太尼初始Ce 0.3 ng/ml,如果前一例患者发生气管插管反应,则下一例患者采用高一级浓度,否则采用低一级浓度,相邻靶浓度之间比率为1.1.气管插管反应的标准:气管插管后3 min内MAP波动幅度超过基础水平15％和/或HR＞90次/min.采用概率单位回归分析法计算舒芬太尼抑制双腔气管插管反应的EC50和EC95.结果 舒芬太尼抑制双腔气管插管反应的EC50为0.23 ng/ml,其95％可信区间为0.20～0.26 ng/ml;抑制双腔气管插管反应的EC95为0.26 ng/ml,其95％可信区间为0.24～0.31 ng/ml.结论 右美托咪啶复合TCI异丙酚时,舒芬太尼抑制双腔气管插管反应的EC50和EC95分别为0.23和0.26 ng/ml.     

靶控输注国产与进口异丙酚药效学的比较

目的 比较靶控输注国产与进口异丙酚的药效学.方法 采用随机、双盲、交叉试验设计.择期拟行肌袢代瓣术的双下肢深静脉瓣膜功能不全患者18例,年龄45～55岁,体重指数18.5～22.9 kg/m2,ASA分级Ⅰ或Ⅱ级,采用随机数字表法,患者随机进人流程Ⅰ或流程Ⅱ,一期手术麻醉诱导时应用进口异丙酚,二期手术应用国产异丙酚为流程Ⅰ,反之为流程Ⅱ.异丙酚血浆靶浓度从0.5μg/ml开始,血浆浓度和效应室浓度平衡后,以0.5μg/ml递增,直至效应室浓度达3.5μg/ml,静脉注射瑞芬太尼2μg/kg、罗库溴铵0.6 mg/kg诱导气管插管后行机械通气.记录效应室浓度为0、0.5、1.0、1.5、2.0、2.5、3.0和3.5μg/ml时BIS值、呼吸频率、SpO2和血液动力学指标,患者意识消失时记录异丙酚用量和效应室浓度,采用概率单位法计算5%、50%及95%患者意识消失时的效应室浓度和BIS值,观察不良反应的发生情况.结果 相同效应室浓度国产和进口异丙酚靶控输注时,患者BIS值、呼吸频率、SpO2和血液动力学各指标差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05);5%、50%及95%患者意识消失时国产和进口异丙酚的BIS值和效应室浓度比较差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05);国产和进口异丙酚的药物用量及不良反应发生率比较差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论 国产异丙酚与进口异丙酚具有临床生物等效性.

Abstract：

Objective To compare the clinical pharmacodynamics of domestic and imported propofol by target-controlled infusion. Methods This was a prospective,randomized,double-blind,cross-over study. Eighteen ASA Ⅰ or Ⅱ patients aged 45-55 yr undergoing substitute valve operation for severe deep venous were randomly divided into sequential Ⅰ and Ⅱ , in sequence Ⅰ , the imported propofol was applied in the first stage of surgery and then domestic propofol in the second stage surgery, while in sequence Ⅱ the order was reversed. The target plasma concentration of propofol was initially set at 0.5 μg/ml, followed by increments of 0.5 μg/ml when the effect-site concentration and plasma concentrations was balanced, until the predicted effect-site concentrations reached 3.5 μg/ml. BIS value, RR, SpO2 and hemodynamics were recorded at 0,0.5, 1.0,1.5,2.0,2.5,3.0 and 3.5 μg/ml effect-site concentration level, the predicted effect-site concentrations and the BIS value at loss of consciousness in 5%, 50% and 95% of the patients were calculated. Adverse reactions were recorded during the trial period.Results Under the same effect-site concentration,there was no significant difference in BIS value,RR, SpO2 and hemodynamic monitoring indicators between the two drugs( P ＞ 0.05). There was no significant difference in predicted effect-site concentrations of propofol, the BIS value at loss of consciousness in 5%, 50% and 95% of the patients and the incidence of adverse reaction between the two drugs ( P ＞ 0.05). Conclusion The domestic propofol and imported propofol have clinical bioequivalence.     

复合异丙酚时舒芬太尼抑制置入输尿管镜时病人体动反应的半数有效效应室靶浓度

目的 确定复合异丙酚时舒芬太尼抑制置入输尿管镜时病人体动反应的半数有效效应室靶浓度(EC50).方法 择期行经尿道输尿管镜钬激光碎石术病人50例,性别不限,年龄20～60岁,BMI＜30 kg/m2,ASA分级Ⅰ级或Ⅱ级,随机分为不同舒芬太尼效应室靶浓度组(n=10),S1组、S2组、S3组、S4组和S5组舒芬太尼效应室靶浓度分别0.21、0.14、0.09、0.06、0.04 ng/ml.靶控输注异丙酚,血浆靶浓度2.5～3.0μg/ml,各组按相应效应室靶浓度靶控输注舒芬太尼,待病人意识消失且舒芬太尼达效应室浓度时置入输尿管镜,以进镜即刻至进镜后1 min内病人发生体动反应(咳嗽和吞咽动作除外)为阳性反应.采用Bliss法计算复合异丙酚时舒芬太尼抑制置入输尿管镜时病人体动反应的EC50为及其95%可信区间.结果 复合异丙酚时舒芬太尼抑制置入输尿管镜时病人体动反应的EC50为0.084 ng/ml,95%可信区间为0.066～0.107 ng/ml.结论复合异丙酚时,舒芬太尼抑制置入输尿管镜时病人体动反应的EC50为0.084 ng/ml.     

靶控输注异丙酚时瑞芬太尼抑制患者喉罩置管反应的药效学

目的 探讨TCI异丙酚时瑞芬太尼抑制患者喉罩置管反应的药效学.方法 择期乳腺纤维瘤切除术患者36例,年龄18～59岁,ASA分级Ⅰ或Ⅱ级,BMI＜30 kg/m2.采用序贯法进行试验,TCI异丙酚,Ce为4.0μg/ml,待患者意识消失后,TCI瑞芬太尼,初始Ce 2.9 ng/ml,待Ce与血浆浓度达平衡后3 min置入喉罩,相邻Ce之比为1.2.喉罩置入成功的标准为:Muzi评分≤2分且喉罩置入后3 min内MAP和HR升高不超过基础值水平的15%.结果 瑞芬太尼抑制喉罩置管反应的EC50为2.75ng/ml,95%可信区间为2.51～3.01 ng/ml.结论 TCI异丙酚Ce为4.0μg/ml时瑞芬太尼抑制患者喉罩置管反应的EC50为2.75 ng/ml.     

复合异丙酚麻醉时舒芬太尼抑制强直电刺激和切皮诱发胸腹部手术患者体动反应的药效学

目的 探讨复合异丙酚麻醉时舒芬太尼抑制强直电刺激和切皮诱发胸腹部手术患者体动反应的药效学.方法 择期胸腹部手术患者50例,年龄18～57岁,ASA分级Ⅰ或Ⅱ级,体重为标准体重的80%～120%,随机分为5组(n=10):舒芬太尼效应室靶浓度0.07、0.10、0.14、0.20和0.28 ng/ml组.靶控输注异丙酚,血浆靶浓度3.0～3.2 μg/ml,患者意识消失时各组按设定的效应室靶浓度靶控输注舒芬太尼,待效应室和血浆浓度达平衡后,给予强直电刺激(频率50 Hz,强度80 mA,波宽0.25ms),观察患者反应后给肌松药,行气管插管,维持上述异丙酚和舒芬太尼的靶浓度到切皮后4 min,试验观察结束.观察强直电刺激和切皮时患者的体动反应情况.采用通过概率单位回归分析法计算舒芬太尼抑制电刺激和切皮诱发的体动反应的半数有效效应室靶浓度(EC50)和EC95及其95%可信区间.结果 复合异丙酚麻醉时舒芬太尼抑制强直电刺激诱发的体动发应的EC50和EC95及其95%可信区间分别为0.12(0.09～0.14)ng/ml和0.20(0.17～0.31)ng/ml,抑制切皮诱发的体动发应的EC50和EC95分别为0.13(0.11～0.16)ng/ml和0.21(0.17～0.29)ng/ml;复合异丙酚麻醉时舒芬太尼抑制强直电刺激和切皮诱发的体动发应的EC50和EC95的比较差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论 复合异丙酚麻醉时舒芬太尼抑制强直电刺激(频率50 Hz,强度80 mA,波宽0.25 ms)诱发的体动发应的EC50和EC95分别为0.12和0.20 ng/ml,抑制切皮诱发的体动发应的EC50和EC95分别为0.13和0.21 ng/ml,且抑制两组刺激诱发的体动发应的药效学无差异,提示强直电刺激可替代切皮用于评价麻醉药的药效学.     

人工流产术患者复合异丙酚时靶控输注瑞芬太尼的药效学

目的 探讨人工流产术患者复合异丙酚4.5 μg/ml时靶控输注瑞芬太尼的药效学.方法 拟行人工流产术患者135例,年龄18～30岁,ASAI级,孕6～10周.随机分为9组(n=15):瑞芬太尼效应室靶浓度分别为0.5、0.8、1.1、1.4、1.7、2.0、2.3、2.6和2.9 ng/ml(Ⅰ组～Ⅸ组).各组异丙酚效应室靶浓度均为4.5 μg/ml.采用概率单位回归分析法,计算麻醉效果达优时瑞芬太尼效应室靶浓度EC50、EC95及其95%可信区间(CI)和呼吸抑制时瑞芬太尼效应室靶浓度EC50、EC95及其95%CI.结果 麻醉效果达优时瑞芬太尼的效应室靶浓度EC50为1.67 ng/ml,其95%CI为1.45～1.90 ng/ml,EC95为3.88 ng/ml,其95%CI为3.08～5.89 ng/ml;呼吸抑制时瑞芬太尼效应室靶浓度EC50为2.44 ng/ml,其95%CI为2.28～2.64 ng/ml,EC95为3.36 ng/ml,其95%CI为2.99～4.34 ng/ml.麻醉效果达优时瑞芬太尼的效应室靶浓度EC95高于呼吸抑制时效应室靶浓度EC95(P＜0.05).结论 人工流产术患者复合异丙酚4.5 μg/ml时,麻醉效果达优时瑞芬太尼的效应室靶浓度EC50、EC95,分别为1.67、3.88 ng/ml,呼吸抑制时瑞芬太尼的效应室靶浓度EC50、EC95,分别为2.44、3.36 ng/ml.     

老年患者七氟醚复合麻醉与异丙酚复合麻醉效果的比较

目的 比较老年患者七氟醚复合麻醉与异丙酚复合麻醉的效果.方法 择期行腹部手术的老年患者60例,年龄65～80岁,ASAⅡ或Ⅲ级,随机分为2组(n=30):七氟醚复合麻醉组(S组)和异丙酚复合麻醉组(P组).麻醉诱导:舒芬太尼初始效应室靶浓度为0.25 ng/ml,异丙酚初始血浆靶浓度为2.0 μg/ml,患者意识消失时,静脉注射罗库溴铵0.6 mg/kg,气管插管后行机械通气.麻醉维持:S组吸入七氟醚,呼气末浓度1.0%～2.0%,P组靶控输注异丙酚,血浆靶浓度2～4 μg/ml,两组均靶控输注舒芬太尼,效应室靶浓度0.15 ng/ml,静脉输注罗库溴铵0.15 mg·kg-1·h-1.两组均维持脑电双频谱指数40～60,平均动脉压、心率波动不超过基础值的30%.记录围术期血管活性药物使用情况、苏醒时间、拔管时间和清醒时间.结果 与P组比较,S组乌拉地尔使用率降低,苏醒时间、拔管时间和清醒时间缩短(P<0.05或0.01).结论 与异丙酚复合舒芬太尼麻醉比较,老年患者七氟醚复合舒芬太尼麻醉时血液动力学更加平稳,麻醉恢复较快,更适于老年患者.     

异丙酚麻醉下瑞芬太尼抑制不同年龄老年患者气管插管和切皮反应的半数有效血浆靶浓度

目的 确定异丙酚麻醉下瑞芬太尼抑制不同年龄老年患者气管插管和切皮反应的半数有效血浆靶浓度(EC50).方法 择期全麻老年患者116例,年龄60～79岁,体重39～82 kg,ASA Ⅰ～Ⅲ级,按年龄及刺激不同分为4组,靶控输注异丙酚,待患者意识消失时靶控输注瑞芬太尼,Ⅰ-TI组(60～69岁,n=33)和Ⅱ-TI组(70～79岁,n=31)第1例患者瑞芬太尼初始血浆靶浓度设为3.5 ng/ml,待效应室浓度与血浆靶浓度达平衡后静脉注射维库溴铵0.1 me,/kg,3 min后行气管插管.Ⅰ-SI组(60～69岁,n=26)和Ⅱ-SI组(70～79岁,n=26)第1例患者气管插管后瑞芬太尼初始血浆靶浓度设为2.5 ng/ml,待效应室浓度与血浆靶浓度达平衡后维持10 min,开始切皮,采用改良序贯法进行试验.发生心血管反应的标准:气管插管或切皮后3 min内平均动脉压或心率较气管插管或切皮前的基础值升高超过20%.计算各组EC50及其95%可信区间(CI).结果 Ⅰ-TI组和Ⅱ-TI组瑞芬太尼抑制气管插管反应的EC50及其95%CI分别为2.90(2.76～3.04)ng/ml和3.16(2.90～3.41)ng/ml,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);Ⅰ-SI组和Ⅱ-SI组瑞芬太尼抑制切皮反应的EC50及95%CI分别为1.90(1.76～2.04)ng/ml和1.77(1.68～1.85)ng/ml,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);与Ⅰ-TI组比较,Ⅰ-SI组EC50降低(P<0.05);与Ⅱ-TI组比较,Ⅱ-SI组EC50降低(P<0.05).结论 60～69岁患者靶控输注异丙酚至意识消失时瑞芬太尼抑制气管插管和切皮反应的EC50分别为2.90、1.90ng/ml,70～79岁患者分别为3.16、1.77 ng/ml,不随年龄增加而改变.     

小剂量芬太尼对异丙酚抑制患者食管引流型喉罩插管反应半数有效血浆靶浓度的影响

目的 评价小剂量芬太尼对异丙酚抑制患者食管引流型喉罩插管反应半数有效血浆靶浓度(EC50)的影响,以探讨小剂量芬太尼的有效性.方法 择期行妇科腹腔镜手术患者46例,ASAⅠ或Ⅱ级,年龄20～50岁,体重指数≤30 kg/m2,随机分为异丙酚组(P组)和异丙酚-芬太尼组(PF组),每组23例.靶控输注异丙酚行麻醉诱导,PF组和P组初始血浆靶浓度分别为2.5、4.0 μg/ml,当血浆靶浓度与效应室靶浓度达平衡时,静脉注射芬太尼1 μg/kg或等容量生理盐水,注毕3.5 min时置入食管引流型喉罩.采用序贯法进行试验,若上1例有反应,则下1例采用高一级异丙酚血浆靶浓度;若上1例无反应,则下1例采用低一级浓度,P组和PF组异丙酚各相邻血浆靶浓度比值分别为1.2和1.1.发生食管引流型喉罩插管反应的标准:置入食管引流型喉罩时患者出现作呕、呛咳和/或肢体反应.采用概率单位法计算异丙酚抑制食管引流型喉罩插管反应的EC50及其95%可信区间.结果 P组异丙酚抑制喉罩插管反应的EC50及其95%可信区间为4.68(4.20～5.21)μg/ml,PF组异丙酚抑制喉罩插管反应的EC50及其95%可信区间为2.63(2.45～2.83)μg/ml,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).结论 静脉注射芬太尼1μg/kg可增强异丙酚抑制患者食管引流型喉罩插管反应的效应.     

复合TCI异丙酚时瑞芬太尼抑制纤维支气管镜检查患者气道反应的半数有效血浆靶浓度

目的 确定复合TCI异丙酚时瑞芬太尼抑制纤维支气管镜检查患者气道反应的半数有效血浆靶浓度(EC50).方法 择期行纤维支气管镜检查患者40例,ASA分级Ⅰ或Ⅱ级,随机分为2组(n=20).两组均以TCI瑞芬太尼和异丙酚麻醉,异丙酚效应室靶浓度3μg/ml,瑞芬太尼效应室靶浓度采用序贯法确定,第1例患者瑞芬太尼的效应室靶浓度5μg/L,相邻靶浓度之比为1.1.A组以检查过程中BIS≤60为合适麻醉深度,B组以检查过程中气道反应≤Ⅱ级为合适麻醉深度.分别计算两组瑞芬太尼抑制气道反应的EC50及其95%可信区间(CI).结果 A组和B组瑞芬太尼的EC50及其95%CI分别为4.50μg/L(95%CI 3.88～5.36μg/L)和4.10ug/L(95%CI 3.31～5.00μg/L),A组EC50高于B组(P＜0.05).结论 复合TCI异丙酚(效应室靶浓度为3μg/L)时,瑞芬太尼抑制纤维支气管镜检查患者气道反应的EC50为4.10μg/L.BIS不适宜作为反映异丙酚复合瑞芬太尼麻醉深度的指标.