抑制肿瘤血管新生的复合肽VBP3局部刺激与全身过敏性实验

目的: 评价抑制肿瘤血管新生的复合肽VBP3的安全性。方法: 同体左右侧自身对比法对3 只家兔进行皮下注射的局部刺激实验。28 只豚鼠随机分为4组:无菌生理盐水(PS)阴性对照组6只,牛血清白蛋白(BSA)阳性对照组6只,复合肽VBP3 低剂量组6只,复合肽VBP3高剂量组6只,进行全身过敏实验;剩余4只豚鼠,牛血清白蛋白阳性对照组和复合肽VBP3 高剂量组各2只,不经致敏直接心脏激发。结果: 抑制肿瘤血管新生的复合肽VBP3 对家兔皮下注射的局部刺激反应轻微;豚鼠实验仅复合肽VBP3高剂量组1只豚鼠出现弱阳性过敏反应,且很快缓解,其余豚鼠未见过敏症状。结论: 抑制肿瘤血管新生的复合肽VBP3在本实验条件下安全。     

重组鼠疫组分疫苗毒理学研究

目的研究重组鼠疫组分疫苗的毒理学作用以评价其安全性,为进一步临床研究提供实验依据。 方法对重组鼠疫组分疫苗进行急性毒性试验,将疫苗1次给予小鼠后,观察所产生的毒性反应和死亡情况,及小鼠对该药物的最大耐受量。分别进行小鼠和豚鼠的异常毒性试验,观察动物有无异常反应,7d后每只动物体重变化。进行家兔的局部刺激试验,注射给药后对动物和注射部位进行肉眼观察,取注射局部皮肤组织进行病理检查。进行豚鼠的全身过敏试验,将致敏的动物静脉快速注射攻击,观察豚鼠有无过敏症状。 结果2种浓度疫苗经腹腔和皮下2种途径注射小鼠,均未引起小鼠的异常症状和死亡,小鼠对重组鼠疫组分疫苗的最大耐受量大于10000μg／kg。小鼠和豚鼠的异常毒性试验表明,注射后7d每组动物均全部健存、无异常反应,且7d后每只动物体重均有增加,均符合2005年版《中华人民共和国药典》三部要求。局部刺激试验中疫苗对家兔注射局部皮肤未引起明显的组织病理学改变。全身过敏试验未出现任何异常反应。 结论重组鼠疫组分疫苗的急性毒性试验、异常毒性试验、局部刺激试验和全身过敏试验毒理学实验结果显示,重组鼠疫组分疫苗用皮下注射的途径进行免疫是安全的。     

正常豚鼠背部皮肤结构和血管构筑

我们在整复显微外科实验研究中,选用豚鼠做实验动物模型,获得满意效果。鉴于正常豚鼠皮肤结构和血管构筑未见报道,故用30只健康成年豚鼠,血管灌注墨汁。取背部脊柱两侧皮肤,分别用石蜡和火棉胶包埋,制连续的水平和垂直切片。观察正常豚鼠皮肤结构,并绘出动脉血管构筑模式图。此外并取1例正常人20个不同部位的皮肤,6只大白鼠和25只家兔背部皮肤,用福尔马林固定,石蜡包埋,切片,HE染色,作一般组织学的观察及各层厚度测量。将所得资料与豚鼠皮肤做了比较。豚鼠皮肤分、4层:表皮厚度平均为96.04±4.88μm;真皮厚度平均为1105.72±32.82μm;真皮下层厚度平均为113.86±12.07μm;肉膜厚度平     

舒肤软膏对皮肤刺激性及致敏作用

目的:观察舒肤软膏对皮肤是否有刺激作用及致敏作用。方法:采用豚鼠,用药物反复致敏接触皮肤,末次致敏后14天进行攻击,0小时、24小时、48小时、72小时观察皮肤有无红斑、水肿现象,并计算致敏率;采用家兔进行皮肤刺激试验,用同体完整皮肤和破损皮肤对照法观察舒肤软膏对皮肤的刺激作用。结果:舒肤软膏组豚鼠皮肤致敏率为0;家兔完整皮肤组、破损皮肤组接触舒肤软膏后不同时间均未见异常反应。结论:舒肤软膏无皮肤致敏反应和皮肤刺激性反应,局部应用较安全。舒肤软膏对皮肤刺激性及致敏作用@李晓冰$泸州医学院药理教研室 @刘剑$泸州医学院药…     

米托蒽醌毫微球动物急性毒性研究

目的比较米托蒽醌(DHAQ)及其毫微球(DHAQ-PBCA-NS)小鼠一次性静脉注射的急性毒性及死亡情况,观察米托蒽醌毫微球有无溶血作用、血管刺激性及过敏性.方法小鼠一次性静脉注射药物后观察7天内的死亡情况;家兔分别三次静脉注射药物后观察其对血管的刺激性;孵育法观察药物有无溶血作用以及用豚鼠过敏实验观察有无过敏性.结果DHAQ和DHAQ-PBCA-NS的LD50分别是11.27±2.21mg/kg和14.73±6.03mg/kg,DHAQ-PBCA-NS也未观察到溶血作用、血管刺激性及过敏性.结论DHAQ-PBCA-NS的急性毒性低于DHAQ,亦无溶血作用、血管刺激性及过敏性.     

正常豚鼠背部皮肤结构和血管构筑

选用30只健康豚鼠,观察了正常豚鼠背部皮肤组织结构;另对一例正常人的20个不同部位的皮肤、6只大白鼠和25只家兔背部皮肤,作了比较观察。本文结果提示:整复显微外科实验研究中,选用豚鼠,优于常用的大白鼠和家兔,是一种较理想的实验动物。     

乙肝消毒液的皮肤刺激与皮肤过敏试验

本文报告乙肝消毒液对家免皮肤的刺激试验及对豚鼠皮肤的过敏试验。结果表明，家兔皮肤对乙肝消毒液无刺激反应；豚鼠皮肤对乙肝消毒液无过敏反应。     

表面磁性膜医用316L不锈钢支架的生物相容性

目的 对表面磁性膜血管内支架进行生物相容性研究,为该支架的临床应用提供实验依据.方法 通过溶血实验、动态凝血时间实验、急性全身毒性实验、皮内刺激实验、细胞毒性实验、热源实验、过敏实验、体内植入实验综合评价表面磁性膜血管内支架的生物相容性.结果 表面磁性膜血管内支架无溶血反应及凝血功能的改变,无急性全身毒性反应,无热源反应,支架材料中不存在致敏性物质;支架材料动物体内植入在初期有轻度的炎性反应,12周后炎性反应基本消失,未见炎性细胞浸润积聚现象.结论 表面磁性膜血管内支架具有良好的生物相容性,其应用于临床具有可行性和安全性.     

表面磁性膜医用316L不锈钢支架的生物相容性

目的 对表面磁性膜血管内支架进行生物相容性研究,为该支架的临床应用提供实验依据.方法 通过溶血实验、动态凝血时间实验、急性全身毒性实验、皮内刺激实验、细胞毒性实验、热源实验、过敏实验、体内植入实验综合评价表面磁性膜血管内支架的生物相容性.结果 表面磁性膜血管内支架无溶血反应及凝血功能的改变,无急性全身毒性反应,无热源反应,支架材料中不存在致敏性物质;支架材料动物体内植入在初期有轻度的炎性反应,12周后炎性反应基本消失,未见炎性细胞浸润积聚现象.结论 表面磁性膜血管内支架具有良好的生物相容性,其应用于临床具有可行性和安全性.     

表面磁性膜医用316L不锈钢支架的生物相容性

目的 对表面磁性膜血管内支架进行生物相容性研究,为该支架的临床应用提供实验依据.方法 通过溶血实验、动态凝血时间实验、急性全身毒性实验、皮内刺激实验、细胞毒性实验、热源实验、过敏实验、体内植入实验综合评价表面磁性膜血管内支架的生物相容性.结果 表面磁性膜血管内支架无溶血反应及凝血功能的改变,无急性全身毒性反应,无热源反应,支架材料中不存在致敏性物质;支架材料动物体内植入在初期有轻度的炎性反应,12周后炎性反应基本消失,未见炎性细胞浸润积聚现象.结论 表面磁性膜血管内支架具有良好的生物相容性,其应用于临床具有可行性和安全性.     

复尔康注射液热原检查试验

目的：观察复尔康注射液给予动物后的热原反应，对复尔康注射液的安全性进行评价。方法：采用家兔法进行热原检查。结果：复尔康注射液静脉给药后无热原反应。结论：复尔康注射液静脉注射给药安全可靠。     

Vasodilatation and modulation of vasoconstriction in canine subcutaneous adipose tissue caused by activation of beta-adrenoceptors.

The present experiments were undertaken to study the balance between vascular alpha- and beta-adrenoceptors in canine subcutaneous adipose tissue during sympathetic nerve stimulation and noradrenaline injections. Propranolol potentiated and prolonged the vasoconstrictor response to close i.a. injections of noradrenaline. The vasoconstriction induced by brief nerve stimulation (0.5 to 8 Hz) was, however, unaltered by the beta-adrenoceptor blockade. During prolonged nerve stimulation the vasoconstrictor response was well maintained at 1.5 Hz but at 4 Hz there was a gradual escape. The escape phenomenon at 4 Hz was diminished by propranolol. The beta1-selective antagonist practolol, like propranolol, potentiated and prolonged the vasoconstriction induced by noradrenaline injections and reduced the vasoconstrictor escape during prolonged nerve stimulation at 4 Hz. Furthermore, the vasodilatation induced by noradrenaline injection or nerve stimulation during alpha-adrenoceptor blockade was diminished by practolol. Practolol also blocked the lipolytic response to noradrenaline and nerve stimulation. The beta2-selective antagonist H35/25 blocked the effects of the beta2-selective agonist salbutamol but failed to alter noradrenaline as well as nerve stimulation induced vascular and lipolytic beta-adrenoceptor responses. The present results provide further support for the hypothesis that vascular beta-adrenoceptors in adipose tissue are humoral (noninnervated), preferentially activated by circulating noradrenaline. Moreover, both vascular and lipolytic beta-adrenoceptors activated by noradrenaline in adipose tissue are best classified as beta1-adrenoceptors.     

脑功能障碍治疗仪——仿真生物电刺激在缺血性脑血管病中的应用

目的:探讨脑功能障碍治疗仪—仿真生物电刺激在缺血性脑血管病中的应用。方法:利用仿真生物电刺激对50例缺血性脑血管病合并偏瘫的患者进行治疗,同时选择50例相匹配的患者进行对比分析。结果:治疗组疗效明显高于对照组(P<0.05),治疗组与对照组神经功能缺损程度比较有统计学意义(P<0.05),治疗组明显优于对照组。结论:仿真生物电刺激有助于缺血性脑血管病患者运动功能的提高。     

Morphologic basis of increased vascular permeability induced by acetyl glyceryl ether phosphorylcholine

The potent vasoactive and leukotactic properties of acetyl glyceryl ether phosphorylcholine (AGEPC) were further characterized histologically. After intravenous infusion of colloidal carbon and local injection of AGEPC, microscopic examination of rat cremaster muscle and skin revealed histamine-like vascular labeling restricted to postcapillary venules. Ultrastructural studies demonstrated subendothelial carbon accumulation in labeled venules. In rat skin, vascular labeling with colloidal carbon was an equally sensitive indicator of AGEPC-induced vasoactivity as was Evans blue dye extravasation for the assessment of AGEPC-induced increased vascular permeability (i.e., 1 pmole of AGEPC consistently initiated both vascular labeling and increased vascular permeability). In addition to its potent vasoactive effects in rabbits and rats, concomitant leukocyte emigration was observed in venules within 15 minutes after intradermal injection of AGEPC. In rabbit skin, AGEPC was equally as potent for the induction of leukocyte infiltrates as for the stimulation of increased vascular permeability. However, the vasoactive properties of AGEPC appeared to be neutrophil independent as well as independent of mast cell and platelet stimulation; these data suggest that AGEPC may act upon the microvasculature by direct stimulation of the venular endothelial cells. Thus, the putative role of AGEPC as a potent inflammatory mediator includes both the vasoactive and the leukotactic aspects of the acute inflammatory process.     

Forelimb vasodilatation induced by hypothalamic stimulation is greatly mediated with nitric oxide in anesthetized cats

The aim of this study was to examine whether or not stimulation of the hypothalamic defense area is capable of inducing sympathetic vasodilatation of the forelimb vascular bed in anesthetized cats. When the hypothalamic defense area was electrically stimulated, brachial blood flow velocity (brachial BFV) and vascular conductance were increased as well as femoral BFV and vascular conductance. Brachial BFV and vascular conductance increased by 110-139% during hypothalamic stimulation. These increases were blunted to approximately one-fifth of the control responses following i.v. injection of a synthesis inhibitor of nitric oxide, N(omega)-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME). The attenuating effect of L-NAME on forelimb vasodilatation evoked by hypothalamic stimulation was greater than that on hindlimb vasodilatation. The combined administration of L-NAME and atropine sulfate eliminated nearly all of the increases in brachial BFV and vascular conductance during hypothalamic stimulation. From the present results, we conclude that stimulation of the hypothalamic defense area is able to induce neurogenic vasodilatation of the cat forelimb vascular bed, which is greatly mediated with a nitric oxide mechanism. The contribution of nitric oxide to neurogenic vasodilatation seems to be greater in the forelimbs than hindlimbs.     

Vasodilatation and modulation of vasoconstriction in canine subcutaneous adipose tissue caused by activation of β-adrenoceptors

The present experiments were undertaken to study the balance between vascular α- and β-adrenoceptors in canine subcutaneous adipose tissue during sympathetic nerve stimulation and noradrenaline injections. Propranolol potentiated and prolonged the vasoconstrictor response to close i.a. injections of noradrenaline. The vasoconstriction induced by brief nerve stimulation (0.5 to 8 Hz) was, however, unaltered by the β-adrenoceptor blockade. During prolonged nerve stimulation the vasoconstrictor response was well maintained at 1.5 Hz but at 4 Hz there was a gradual escape. The escape phenomenon at 4 Hz was diminished by propranolol. The β₁-selective antagonist practolol, like propranolol, potentiated and prolonged the vasoconstriction induced by noradrenaline injections and reduced the vasoconstrictor escape during prolonged nerve stimulation at 4 Hz. Furthermore, the vasodilatation induced by noradrenaline injection or nerve stimulation during α-adrenoceptor blockade was diminished by practolol. Practolol also blocked the lipolytic response to noradrenaiine and nerve stimulation. The β₂-selective antagonist H35/25 blocked the effects of the β₂-selective agonist salbutamol but failed to alter noradrenaline as well as nerve stimulation induced vascular and lipolytic β-adrenoceptor responses. The present results provide further support for the hypothesis that vascular β-adrenoceptors in adipose tissue are humoral (noninnervated), preferentially activated by circulating noradrenaline. Moreover, both vascular and lipolytic β-adrenoceptors activated by noradrenaline in adipose tissue are best classified as β₁-adrenoceptors.     

基于2^n伪随机复合频率信号的神经肌肉电刺激系统设计

目的：每一块肌肉都是由众多肌纤维组成，每一组肌纤维的固有频率不同，在对肌肉进行电刺激时，使用单一频率的电刺激不能满足同时对多组肌纤维进行刺激，不能达到最有效的电刺激作用，因此我们设计了一种基于伪随机信号的复合频率电刺激仪，能在一个刺激周期内实现多个频率的电刺激。方法：设计了一个以STC12C5410AD单片机为核心控制芯片的伪随机信号神经肌肉电刺激仪系统，采用串口实现上下位机的通讯，通过软件编程，上位机发送主频数、主频频率、间歇时间和刺激时间各项参数指令，由单片机控制输出两路伪随机脉冲信号，并通过逆变电路实现伪随机信号的输出，在逆变电路中加入电流监测电阻，实时监测输出信号的电流大小，将其控制在人体安全电流10mA以下，保证了用户的使用安全。结果：研制出的电刺激仪能产生1kHz以下多种主频信号的复合，根据主频数和主频频率的不同输出不同的复合频率信号，同时对输出电流的检测，验证了信号的安全性。结论：本文将伪随机复合频率信号运用于肌肉电刺激仪中，取代传统的单一频率电刺激仪，实现了技术上和理论上的创新，具有较高的临床实验和科研价值。     

Acetylsalicylic acid and misoprostol combination in adjuvant arthritis of rats

The combined effect of acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) and misoprostol (MISO) on adjuvant arthritis was investigated on rats. Alteration by various doses of MISO and fixed dose of ASA was studied. Drugs were given by the nasogastric route each day beginning from the day of adjuvant injection (day 0) and continued until the 16th day. Paw swelling was measured on days 4, 17, and 29, and secondary lesions were assessed on days 17 and 29. Pathological examination of tibiodorsal junction was also evaluated on the 29th day. The results clearly showed that the combination of MISO with ASA did not inhibit the antiinflammatory effect of ASA. Unexpectedly, MISO increased the antiinflammatory effect of ASA at some dosage regimens.     

氟马西尼对老年患者术后认知功能的影响

目的：探讨氟马西尼对实施全麻手术的老年患者认知功能的恢复有无确切临床意义。方法：将我院2011年1月～2012年1月实施全麻手术的236例老年患者随机分为实验组与对照组两组,每组118例。实验组术后静注氟马西尼,对照组术后静注生理盐水,分别于术前1天（T0）及术后1h（T1）、2h（T2）、6h（T3）、24h（T4）采用简易认知功能检测量表评估并比较两组患者术前、术后认知功能。结果：实验组患者的苏醒时间明显短于对照组,两组差异具有统计学意义（P〈0．01）;术后两组老年患者的认知功能均低于术前,实验组在T1、T2时各项认知功能明显优于对照组（P〈0．05）。结论：老年患者全麻术后恢复较慢,容易引起认知功能减退;氟马西尼能缩短老年患者的苏醒时间,且能部分改善术后老年患者认知功能。     

Enzyme replacement improves nervous system pathology and function in a mouse model for metachromatic leukodystrophy

A deficiency of arylsulfatase A (ASA) causes the lysosomal storage disease metachromatic leukodystrophy, which is characterized by accumulation of the sphingolipid 3-O-sulfogalactosylceramide (sulfatide). Sphingolipid storage results in progressive demyelination and severe neurologic symptoms. The disease is lethal, and curative therapy is not available. To assess the therapeutic potential of enzyme replacement therapy (ERT), ASA knockout mice were treated by intravenous injection of recombinant human ASA. Plasma levels of ASA declined with a half-time of approximately 40 min, and enzyme was detectable in tissues within minutes after injection. The uptake of injected enzyme was high into liver, moderate into peripheral nervous system (PNS) and kidney and very low into brain. The apparent half-life of endocytosed enzyme was approximately 4 days. A single injection led to a time- and dose-dependent decline of the excess sulfatide in PNS and kidney by up to 70%, but no reduction was seen in brain. Four weekly injections with 20 mg/kg body weight not only reduced storage in peripheral tissues progressively, but also were surprisingly effective in reducing sulfatide storage in brain and spinal cord. The histopathology of kidney and central nervous system was ameliorated. Improved neuromotor coordination capabilities and normalized peripheral compound motor action potential demonstrate the benefits of ERT on the nervous system function. Enzyme replacement may therefore be a promising therapeutic option in this devastating disease.