IL-12协同B7-1转基因细胞增强C57BL/6小鼠的抗肿瘤免疫

目的:应用逆转录病毒构建IL-12、B7-1表达载体,以研究基因修饰的肿瘤细胞的癌疫苗作用.方法:将两种表达载体分别转染EL-4胸腺瘤细胞,使该细胞能表达分泌B7-1或IL-12,并研究了该基因导入细胞的抗肿瘤免疫效果.结果当接种了EL-4/IL-12转染细胞后,在C57BL/6同系鼠中其基因导入细胞的肿瘤原性比较EL-4/Wt和EL-4/Neo组明显减少(P＜0.01),在EL-4/IL-12组的肿瘤被排斥后,实验动物体内诱发了抗EL-4/Wt的全身性、保护性免疫,用51Cr释放测定法证明有一个较强的抗EL-4/Wt和一个较弱的抗同系Lewis肿瘤细胞的CTL活性,体内淋巴细胞消除分析的结果提示减少的肿瘤原性主要与CD4+、CD8+和NK细胞有关.用EL-4/IL-12基因转染的瘤细胞进行疫苗治疗比较用EL-4/Neo瘤细胞作疫苗治疗能更加有效地延缓已建立的EL-4/Wt肿瘤的生长(P＜0.005),EL-4/IL-12和EL-4/B7-1基因联合转染组比用单一的转基因细胞增强了治疗效果(P＜0.005).结论:研究结果提示应用IL-12进行血液肿瘤的治疗是有效的,IL-12和B7-1联合使用在未来人类癌症的治疗中有一定的应用前景.     

腺病毒介导的IL—2基因及B7—1基因联合转染G422细胞致瘤原性和免疫原性的变化

目的研究联合细胞因子基因转染的D422胶质母细胞瘤细胞体内致瘤原性和免疫原性的变化,为胶质瘤的免疫基因治疗打下基础.方法IL-2基因和B7-1基因转染的G422细胞1×105皮下和脑内接种,观察肿瘤生长速度和荷瘤小鼠的存活期,2周取脾脏,检测NK、LAK和CTL的杀伤活性.结果IL-2和B7-1基因联合转染的G422细胞,皮下接种后肿瘤生长明显减慢,脑内接种动物存活期明显延长,NK、LAK和CTL的杀伤活性增强.结论IL-2基因和B7-1基因联合转染的G422细胞,致瘤原性下降,免疫原性增强,能有效激活机体特异性与非特异性抗肿瘤免疫反应.     

IL—12协同B7—1转基因细胞增强C57BL／6小鼠的抗肿瘤免疫

目的应用逆转录病毒构建IL-12、B7-1表达载体,以研究基因修饰的肿瘤细胞的癌疫苗作用.方法将两种表达载体分别转染EL-4胸腺瘤细胞,使该细胞能表达分泌B7-1或IL-12,并研究了该基因导入细胞的抗肿瘤免疫效果.结果当接种了EL-4/IL-12转染细胞后,在C57BL/6同系鼠中其基因导入细胞的肿瘤原性比较EL-4/Wt和EL-4/Neo组明显减少(P＜0.01),在EL-4/IL-12组的肿瘤被排斥后,实验动物体内诱发了抗EL-4/Wt的全身性、保护性免疫,用51Cr释放测定法证明有一个较强的抗EL-4/Wt和一个较弱的抗同系Lewis肿瘤细胞的CTL活性,体内淋巴细胞消除分析的结果提示减少的肿瘤原性主要与CD4+、CD8+和NK细胞有关.用EL-4/IL-12基因转染的瘤细胞进行疫苗治疗比较用EL-4/Neo瘤细胞作疫苗治疗能更加有效地延缓已建立的EL-4/Wt肿瘤的生长(P＜0.005),EL-4/IL-12和EL-4/B7-1基因联合转染组比用单一的转基因细胞增强了治疗效果(P＜0.005).结论研究结果提示应用IL-12进行血液肿瘤的治疗是有效的,IL-12和B7-1联合使用在未来人类癌症的治疗中有一定的应用前景.     

转染CD40配体的卵巢癌细胞株OVHM抗卵巢癌肝转移机制的研究

目的 探讨转染CD40配体(CIMOL)的卵巢癌细胞株OVHM(CD40L-OVHM)体内抗卵巢癌肝转移的可能机制.方法 6～8周龄的C57BL/6N×C3H/He杂交一代(B6C3F1)雌性小鼠5只,经小鼠脾脏内接种OVHM,应用HE染色法验证小鼠肝脾转移模型是否建立成功.将OVHM细胞、空载体DNA-pMKITneo-OVHM细胞和CD40L-OVHM细胞接种于B6C3F1小鼠的脾脏,应用流式细胞术,分析荷瘤小鼠脾细胞CD11c分子的表达情况;应用四甲基偶氮唑蓝(MTT)法,检测荷瘤小鼠脾脏细胞毒性T淋巴细胞(CTL)的杀伤活性;应用酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA),检测荷瘤小鼠外周血血清中干扰素(IFN)-γ、肿瘤坏死因子(TNF)-α、白细胞介素(IL)-12、IL-4和IL-10的含量,并且观察小鼠脾脏和肝脏的成瘤情况及小鼠生存时间.结果 经病理学证实,卵巢癌肝脾转移动物模型建立成功.CD40L-OVHM组中小鼠脾细胞CD11c阳性细胞率明显高于OVHM组和转染空载体DNA-pMKITneo-OVHM组.CD40L-OVHM组小鼠脾脏内CTL的特异性杀伤活性明显增强,小鼠外周血血清中IFN-γ、TNF-α和IL-12的含量明显升高,而IL-4和IL-10的含量则明显降低,与OVHM组和转染空载体DNA-pMKITneo-OVHM组相比,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05).CD40L-OVHM组小鼠的肝脏和脾脏重量均明显低于OVHM组和转染空载体DNA-pMKITneo-OVHM组,并且小鼠的生存期也明显延长(P<0.05).结论 转染CD40L cDNA的卵巢癌细胞可促进脾脏树突状细胞(DC)的成熟和分化,增强脾脏CTL的特异性杀伤活性,诱导Th1型细胞因子的分泌,抑制Th2型细胞因子的分泌,这可能是CD40L基因体内抗卵巢癌肝转移的机制之一.     

IL-2和IL-12基因联合治疗小鼠头颈鳞癌的实验研究

目的观察白细胞介素-2(IL-2)基因与白细胞介素-12(IL-12)基因联合治疗小鼠头颈鳞癌的疗效. 方法建立小鼠头颈鳞癌动物模型,在荷瘤部位将脂质体包裹的IL-2基因和IL-12基因直接注入肿瘤中,观察肿瘤大小变化,并检测此两种基因在肿瘤细胞中的蛋白表达情况、小鼠脾脏自然杀伤细胞(NK)和细胞毒T淋巴细胞(CTL)活性. 结果 IL-2基因和IL-12基因联合治疗组,肿瘤生长明显受抑制,疗效显著优于单独治疗组和对照组(P<0.01).在注射有IL-2、IL-12基因的肿瘤组织中,其相对应的IL-2、IL- 12蛋白水平明显升高,小鼠脾细胞NK活性和CTL杀伤活性增强. 结论 IL-2、IL-12基因治疗可抑制小鼠头颈鳞癌生长,提高机体的抗肿瘤免疫应答.二者联合应用,可产生协同效应并加强其抗肿瘤效果.     

B7基因修饰的肿瘤细胞疫苗体内外调控细胞因子水平的研究

我们率先在国内外报道了有关B7基因修饰肝癌细胞对其免疫原性和致瘤性的影响及B7基因修饰的肿瘤细胞疫苗(tumor cell vaccine,TCV)的体内、外抗肿瘤作用.我们的研究发现,在缺乏B7分子的小鼠肝癌细胞Hepal-6与细胞株中导入小鼠B7-1,B7-2基因,能使该肝癌细胞株的免疫原性大大增强,致瘤性完全消失.用丝裂霉素C(MMC)处理转染了B7-1,B7-2基因的小鼠肝癌细胞Hepal-6细胞株,制备成肿瘤细胞疫苗,其抗肿瘤作用明显增强,表现为对论动物的免疫模型起完全的免疫保护作用、对早期模型起部分治疗作用和     

局部注射小鼠白细胞介素12逆转录病毒包装细胞对大鼠肝癌的治疗

目的:研究低剂量环磷酸胺(Cy)联合MHC Ⅰ类限制性肿瘤抗原多肽Mutl致敏、白细胞介素2(IL-2)基因修饰的树突状细胞(DCs)对转移性肺癌小鼠的治疗作用及其免疫学机理.方法:制备小鼠骨髓来源的DCs,用转移性Lewis肺癌特异性多肽Mutl预激经IL-2基因修饰的DCs联合低剂量Cy治疗转移性肺癌小鼠.通过FACS分析其脾细胞内T淋巴细胞比例的变化,~51Cr释放法检测CTL和NK细胞杀伤活性.结果:肿瘤抗原多肽致敏、IL-2基因修饰的DCs与小剂量Cy联合后,能比单用DCs更有效地治疗转移性肺癌,小鼠脾细胞中CD8~ T细胞和NK1.1~ 细胞明显比例升高,联合治疗组诱导出的CTL杀伤活性最高.结论:以肿瘤抗原多肽冲击致敏的IL-2基因修饰的DCs联合小剂量Cy能更有效地促进荷瘤宿主免疫应答,具有显著地体内抑制肺癌转移的效果.     

基因修饰对消化道肿瘤细胞化疗药敏感性的影响

目的：探讨UPRT基因修饰消化道肿瘤细胞后对5-氟脲嘧啶(5-FU)杀伤效应的增强作用。方法：采用PCR技术从大肠杆菌K12菌株基因组中扩增UPRT基因，并构建pLXSN逆转录病毒表达载体，进一步转染人胃癌细胞株SCG7901、大肠癌细胞株Lovo以及肝癌细胞株7721。采用MTT法检测转导UPRT基因前后，肿瘤细胞对5-FU敏感性的变化。结果：通过逆转录病毒载体介导UPRT基因修饰肿瘤细胞，体外MTT法检测结果显示，转导UPRT基因后可使SCG7901、Lovo及7721对5-FU的敏感性分别提高约21．07、30．25及35．19倍。结论：UPRT基因修饰肿瘤细胞，能明显提高其对5-FU杀伤的敏感性，增强5-FU的抗瘤效应。     

联合B7-1分子、IL-2及LAK细胞治疗肝癌的实验研究

目的：研究共刺激信号在肿瘤免疫中的作用。方法：构建含人B7-1基因的真核表达载体PRCCMV-B7-1，脂质体介导DNA转移法将人B7-1基因转入人肝癌细胞株SMMC7721，建立新的细胞株SMMC-B7-1，PCR及逆转录PCR（RT-PCR），流式细胞仪检测，四唑卤（MTT）比色试验体外检测白细胞介素-2（IL-2）激活的LAK细胞（LAK-C），对两种肝癌细胞的杀伤活性，结果：PCR，RT-PCR法证实SMMC-B7-1细胞稳定表达B7基因，LAK细胞对SMMC-B7-1细胞的杀伤活性明显高于SMMC7721，结果有统计学意义。结论：B7基因可以体外转染人肝癌细胞，并表达有活性的B7分子，明显增强IL-2激活的LAK细胞的肿瘤杀伤作用。为进一步开展临床应用奠定基础。     

B7-1基因转染骨肉瘤细胞诱导抗骨肉瘤主动免疫的实验研究

目的:探讨B7-1基因转染骨肉瘤细胞能否诱导抗骨肉瘤主动免疫作用。方法:利用脂质体将B7-1真核表达载体pcDNA3-B7-1和空载体pcDNA3分别导入骨肉瘤细胞株LM8中,G418筛选出阳性克隆(分别命名为LM8/B7-1和LM8/pcDNA3),通过RT-PCR、Western blot和流式细胞仪检测B7-1基因与蛋白的表达;通过软琼脂克隆形成实验观察转基因细胞株LM8/B7-1的体外增殖能力;用LM8、LM8/B7-1和LM8/pcDNA3分别经腹腔免疫小鼠,得到腹腔浸润淋巴细胞和致敏脾细胞,MTT法检测其体外杀伤活力;将LM8、LM8/B7-1和LM8/pcDNA3细胞分别接种到C3H雄性小鼠前腋下,观察其致瘤能力;观察LM8/B7-1致敏的小鼠对骨肉瘤细胞LM8是否具有免疫保护作用。结果:B7-1基因在转基因细胞LM8/B7-1中能得到高表达;LM8/B7-1体外增殖能力与LM8和LM8/pcDNA3无明显差异(P>0.05);LM8/B7-1诱导的CTL的杀伤活力显著高于LM8和LM8/pcDNA3诱导的CTL对相同靶细胞的杀伤活力,LM8/B7-1诱导的CTL对LM8/B7-1的杀伤活力也明显高于对LM8和LM8/pcDNA3的杀伤活力(P<0.05);LM8/B7-1致瘤能力较LM8和LM8/pcDNA3细胞明显下降(P<0.01);LM8/B7-1致敏的小鼠对骨肉瘤细胞LM8具有免疫保护作用。结论:B7-1基因转染骨肉瘤细胞能诱导抗骨肉瘤主动免疫作用,为利用B7-1基因进行骨肉瘤免疫基因治疗提供了实验依据。     

B7基因修饰的肿瘤细胞诱导抗大肠癌主动免疫

目的：研究Ｂ７基因修饰的肿瘤细胞诱导抗大肠癌ＣＴＬ的活化。方法：采用电击法将Ｂ７基因导入小鼠大肠癌细胞ＣＭＴ９３,Ｇ４１８筛选阳性克隆,免疫组化显示Ｂ７分子有高效表达,Ｂ７,ＣＭＴ９３（ＣＭＴ９３－Ｂ７）接种于Ｃ５７ＢＬ／６小鼠背部皮下,其致瘤性显著下降,ＣＭＴ９３－Ｂ７致敏的小鼠对野生型瘤细胞具有免疫保护作用;用ＣＭＴ９３和ＣＭＴ９３－Ｂ７细胞分别经腹腔免疫小鼠,得到腹腔浸润淋巴细胞及致敏脾细胞     

The boosting effect of co-transduction with cytokine genes on cancer vaccine therapy using genetically modified dendritic cells expressing tumor-associated antigen

The T-helper 1 (Th1) immune reaction is most important in dendritic cell (DC)-based immunotherapy. Interleukin 12 (IL-12) and granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) play a pivotal role in inducing Th1 and cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) responses. In this study, DCs expressing the natural tumor antigen gp70 of BALB/c-derived CT26 were adenovirally transduced with the IL-12 gene and/or GM-CSF gene, and it was examined whether vaccinations using these genetically engineered DCs can induce strong therapeutic antitumor immunity. Mice were immunized once by subcutaneous (s.c.) injection with genetically modified DCs. The cytotoxic activity of splenocytes against CT26 was assayed in a 51Cr-release assay 14 days after immunization. The therapeutic efficacy of the vaccination was examined in s.c. tumor models. The cytotoxic activity of CTLs against CT26 in mice immunized with DCs expressing gp70 (DC-AxCAgp70) was significantly augmented by co-transduction with the GM-CSF/IL-12 gene (p<0.0001) and remarkably reduced by the depletion of CD4+ or CD8+ cells (p<0.01). The cytotoxic activity against CT26 of the plain spleen cells in mice immunized with DC-AxCAgp70/GM-CSF/IL-12 was significantly higher than that in mice immunized with DC-AxCAgp70 (p<0.0001), and this activity decreased to almost 50% upon the depletion of NK cells. Vaccinations using DC-AxCAgp70/GM-CSF/IL-12 or DC-AxCAgp70/IL-12 could elicit potent therapeutic immunity in s.c. tumor models; tumor-free mice were observed in these vaccination groups. However, there was no significant difference between these two groups. A vaccination therapy using DCs co-transduced with the TAA gene and Th 1-type cytokine genes, especially the IL-12 gene, is ideal for immunotherapy in terms of the activation of DCs, NK cells, CD4+ T cells and CD8+ T cells, and may be useful in the clinical application of a cancer vaccine therapy.     

FasL和B7-1联合基因修饰的肺癌细胞诱导抗肺癌主动免疫

目的:探讨FasL和B7-1联合基因转移是否具有协同的抗肿瘤效应.方法:采用重组腺病毒载体将FasL和B7-1基因导入人肺癌细胞A-549,G418阳性克隆筛选,流式细胞分析,RT-PCR显示FasL和B7-1的表达,并且通过Hoechst33342染色和DNA片段分析检测肺癌细胞的凋亡;将携带FasL和B7-1基因的肺癌细胞(命名为A-549/FB-11)接种于C57BL/6小鼠背部皮下,观测其致瘤性能;A-549/FB-11致敏的小鼠对野生型瘤细胞是否具有免疫保护作用;用A-549和A-549/FB-11细胞分别经腹腔免疫小鼠,得到腹腔浸润淋巴细胞及致敏脾细胞,MTT法检测其体外杀伤实验.结果:FasL和B7-1基因在肺癌细胞中获得高表达并可诱导肺癌细胞的凋亡,双基因转染的肺癌细胞的致瘤性明显下降; A-549/FB-11 诱导的CTL (cytotoxic T lymphocyte)对A-549的杀伤活性显著高于野生型A-549诱导的CTL对相同靶细胞的杀伤活性,P<0.05;A-549 /FB- 11诱导的CTL对A-549/FB-11的杀伤率显著高于对野生型A-549的杀伤率,P<0.05.结论:FasL促进肺癌细胞凋亡,B7-1促进抗肺癌CTL的增殖、活化,在效应阶段两基因发挥着重要的协同作用.     

Antitumor Activity of Lentivirus-mediated Interleukin -12 Gene Modified Dendritic Cells in Human Lung Cancer in Vitro

Objectives: Dendritic cell (DC)-based tumor immunotherapy needs an immunogenic tumor associatedantigen (TAA) and an effective approach for its presentation to lymphocytes. In this study we explored whethertransduction of DCs with lentiviruses (LVs) expressing the human interleukin-12 gene could stimulate antigenspecificcytotoxic T cells (CTLs) against human lung cancer cells in vitro. Methods: Peripheral blood monocytederivedDCs were transduced with a lentiviral vector encoding human IL-12 gene (LV-12). The anticipated targetof the human IL-12 gene was detected by RT-PCR. The concentration of IL-12 in the culture supernatant of DCswas measured by ELISA.Transduction efficiencies and CD83 phenotypes of DCs were assessed by flow cytometry.DCs were pulsed with tumor antigen of lung cancer cells (DC+Ag) and transduced with LV-12 (DC-LV-12+Ag).Stimulation of T lymphocyte proliferation by DCs and activation of cytotoxic T-lymphocytes (CTL) stimulatedby LV-12 transduced DCs pulsed with tumor antigen against A549 lung cancer cells were assessed with methylthiazolyltetrazolium (MTT). Results: A recombinant lentivirus expressing the IL-12 gene was successfullyconstructed. DC transduced with LV-12 produced higher levels of IL-12 and expressed higher levels of CD83than non-transduced. The DC modified by interleukin -12 gene and pulsed with tumor antigen demonstratedgood stimulation of lymphocyte proliferation, induction of antigen-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes and antitumoreffects. Conclusions: Dendritic cells transduced with a lentivirus-mediated interleukin-12 gene have anenhanced ability to kill lung cancer cells through promoting T lymphocyte proliferation and cytotoxicity.     

Human Embryonic Stem Cells - a Potential Vaccine for Ovarian Cancer

Objective: To investigate the therapeutic potential of human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) as a vaccine toinduce an immune response and provide antitumor protection in a rat model. Methods: Cross-reactivity ofantigens between hESCs and tumour cells was screened by immunohistochemistry. Fischer 344 rats were dividedinto 7 groups, with 6 rats in each, immunized with: Group 1, hESC; Group 2, pre-inactivated mitotic NuTu-19;Group 3 PBS; Group 4, hESC; Group 5, pre-inactivated mitotic NuTu-19; Group 6, PBS; Group 7, hESC only.At 1 (Groups 1-3) or 4 weeks (Groups 4-6) after the last vaccination, each rat was challenged intraperitoneallywith NuTu-19. Tumor growth and animal survival were closely monitored. Rats immunized with H9 and NuTu-19 were tested by Western blot analysis of rat orbital venous blood for cytokines produced by Th1 and Th2 cells.Results: hESCs presented tumour antigens, markers, and genes related to tumour growth, metastasis, and signalpathway interactions. The vaccine administered to rats in Group 1 led to significant antitumor responses andenhanced tumor rejection in rats with intraperitoneal inoculation of NuTu-19 cells compared to control groups.In contrast, rats in Group 4 did not display any elevation of antitumour responses. Western blot analysis foundcross-reactivity among antibodies generated between H9 and NuTu-19. However, the cytokines did not showsignificant differences, and no side effects were detected. Conclusion: hESC-based vaccination is a promisingmodality for immunotherapy of ovarian cancer.     

Growth suppression and immunogenicity enhancement of Hep-2 or primary laryngeal cancer cells by adenovirus-mediated co-transfer of human wild-type p53, granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor and B7-1 genes

Co-transfer of immunomodulatory and antiproliferative genes may be the basis for new strategies to potentiate tumor regression. In this study, we evaluated the in vitro effect of the introduction of human wild-type p53, granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), and B7-1 genes via recombinant adenovirus on the growth and immunogenicity of Hep-2 or primary laryngeal cancer cells. By the introduction of wild-type p53 gene, the growth of Hep-2 cells was inhibited via enhanced apoptosis. By the introduction of GM-CSF and B7-1 genes, the immunogenicity of cancer cells was enhanced. Significant proliferation of tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) and tumor-specific cytotoxicity of cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) were induced in vitro. Furthermore, the combinative effect of GM-CSF and B7-1 was even more evident than that of any one of them singly. These results suggest that the co-transfer of human wild-type p53, GM-CSF and B7-1 genes into tumor cells via recombinant adenovirus may be further developed into a potential combination gene therapy strategy for cancer.     

Immunotherapy with effector cells and IL-2 of lymph node metastases of human squamous-cell carcinoma of the head and neck established in nude mice.

We have previously reported that immune anti-tumor effector cells, both cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) and IL-2-activated natural killer (A-NK) cells, are effective at eliminating human head-and-neck cancer (HNC) targets in vitro and in vivo in xenograft models. In this study, these 2 types of human effector cell were compared for the ability to prevent the development of lymph node metastases in a metastasis model of human squamous-cell carcinoma of the head and neck (SCCHN) established in nude mice. A tumor cell line, OSC-19, was injected into the floor of the mouth in nude mice, and the tumor grew progressively and metastasized to cervical lymph nodes by day 21. As effector cells, a human HLA-A2-restricted CTL line recognizing a shared antigen on OSC-19 and human non-MHC-restricted A-NK cells were used. Both types of effector cell mediated high levels of lysis against OSC-19 targets in 4-hr (51)Cr-release assays. Administration of human CTLs or A-NK cells and IL-2 to the site of tumor growth in mice with 7-day OSC-19 tumors resulted in significant reduction of the number of lymph node metastases relative to untreated or sham-operated controls or to mice treated with IL-2 without the effector cells. Our results suggest that in a xenograft model of human SCCHN implanted in the oral cavity of nude mice, the development of lymph node metastases can be successfully controlled by adoptive transfer of human SCCHN-specific CTLs or SCCHN-reactive A-NK cells plus IL-2.     

Combination therapy of murine liver cancer with il-12 gene and HSV-TK gene

Interleukin-12 (IL-12), produced by antigen-presenting cell, is a heterodimeric cytokine that has multiple immune regulatory functions, various studies have shown that IL-12 has multiple anti-tumor effects and anti-metastatic properties for many tumors.[1] Suicide gene approaches are also widely investigated recently, the gene products are capable of converting the non-toxic pro-drug to the active cytotoxic agent. The most commonly used suicide gene and pro-drug is the herpes simplex virus th…     

Rapid Detection of Ovarian Cancer from Immunized Serum Using a Quartz Crystal Microbalance Immunosensor

Background: The objective of this study was to measure the antibody content of NuTu-19 ovarian cancercells in serum samples using a quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) immunosensor. Materials and Methods:NuTu-19 cells were first cultured onto the electrode surfaces of crystals in Dulbecco’s modified Eagle medium,and then specified amounts of immunized serum samples of immunized rabbit were also added. The change inmass caused by specific adsorbtion of antibodies of NuTu-19 to the surfaces of the crystals was detected. Results:The change in resonance frequency of crystals caused by immobilization of NuTu-19 cells was from 83 to 429Hz.The antibody content of NuTu-19 detected was 341ng/ul. The frequency shifts were linearly dependent on theamount of antibody mass in the range of 69 to 340ng. The positive detection rate and the negative detection ratewere 80% and 100%, respectively. Conclusion: This immunoassay provides a viable alternative to other earlyovarian cancer detection methods and is particularly suited for health screening of the general population.