创伤患者住ICU期间发生院内感染的危险因素分析

目的 探讨导致创伤患者在重症监护病房期间发生院内感染的危险因素.方法 回顾性分析了2009年1月1日至12月31日浙江省5家医院1103名创伤患者的相关资料,通过对16项可能和发生感染的相关因素的单因素以及多因素分析,最终筛选出导致所有创伤患者以及严重创伤患者住ICU期间发生感染的独立危险因素.结果 住ICU期间共有171人(15.5%)发生感染.患者总共死亡157人(14.2%),其中感染组死亡59人.感染组病死率为34.7%,显著高于非感染组的10.5%.多因素logistic回归分析结果提示,对于所有患者而言,中心静脉压监测、机械通气、年龄≥65岁、住ICU时间>14 d以及ISS≥16分为住ICU期间发生院内感染的独立危险因素.对于严重创伤患者,中心静脉压监测、机械通气以及住ICU时间>14 d则是其独立危险因素.结论 伤情严重程度、年龄、住ICU时间以及ICU内侵入性操作与创伤患者住ICU期间发生院内感染相关,规范各种侵入性操作以及尽量减少患者住ICU时间有助于降低患者发生院内感染的机率.

Abstract：

Objective To determine risk factors in nosocomial infection of trauma patients during intensive care unit stay. Methods A retrospective study was carried out. A total of 1103 trauma patients admitted to the intensive care unit of five tertiary hospitals in Zhejiang Province in 2009 were reviewed. Demographic data, injury severity score and other variables related to the trauma services were collected. Univariate and multivariate analysis were processed to identify the independent risk factors of nosocomial infection in trauma patients during stay in intensive care unit. Results Overall, 171 patients( 15.5% )developed nosocomial infection during ICU stay. Of 1103 patients, 157 patients (14.2% ) died, and the 59 fatal patients were from infection group. The mortality rate in infection group was 34.7% , which was significantly higher than that in non - infection group (10.5% ). The independent risk factors of nosocomial infection in all the patients determined by using multivariate analysis included central venous monitoring, mechanical ventilation, age ≥65, the length of ICU stay > 14 days and injury severity score ≥ 16. For the severe trauma patients, central venous monitoring, mechanical ventilation, the length of ICU stay > 14 days were independent risk factors of nonsocomial infection. Conclusions The severity of injury, age, the length of ICU stay and invasive procedures were related to the nosocomial infection. To standardize the invasive procedures and to reduce the length of ICU stay may decrease the infection rate of trauma patients.     

重症医学科多重耐药铜绿假单胞菌致肺部感染的流行病学特征及危险因素

目的:探讨重症医学科多重耐药铜绿假单胞菌所致肺部感染的流行病学及危险因素特征。方法:本回顾性病例对照研究纳入上海市3所大型教学医院重症医学科收治的362名铜绿假单胞菌肺部感染患者,并将其分为多重耐药组(n=127)及非多重耐药组(n=235)。检测抗假单胞菌药物的敏感性变化,同时比较及分析包括患者伴随疾病,既往健康管理暴露史(既往住院情况,铜绿假单胞菌定植或感染史,机械通气史等)在内的感染高危因素。结果:重症医学科分离出的铜绿假单胞菌其对于抗假单胞菌药物敏感性明显低于中国耐药监测网数据。多元logistic回归显示住院前90 d存在抗菌药物暴露史(OR=4.1;95%CI 1.9~6.8),入院前90 d存在住院史(OR=2.8;95%CI 1.1~5.4),长期养老院治疗(OR=3.5;95%CI 2.0~6.3),既往1年曾有铜绿假单胞菌定植或感染(OR=5.2;95%CI 1.9~8.4)是重症医学科患者发生多重耐药铜绿假单胞菌肺部感染的高危因素(P0.05)。在既往使用的各类抗假单胞菌药物中,碳青霉烯类(OR=8.3;95%CI 3.7~22.8)、喹诺酮类(OR=6.3;95%CI 3.2~8.2)以及β内酰胺酶抑制剂(OR=3.2;95%CI 1.5~6.5)是导致多重耐药的高危因素(P0.05)。结论:对于危重患者综合以往的健康情况及抗菌药物暴露史,可以进行临床判断,明确其有无发生多重耐药铜绿假单胞菌风险,并可以指导经验性抗假单胞菌药物的合理使用,使患者受益。     

Mortality characteristics during the two waves of COVID-19 in India:A retrospective observational study

Objective:To evaluate patient demographic characteristics and risk factors for mortality during the first and the second wave among COVID-19 patients in a tertiary care hospital of India.Methods:Data were taken from the hospital’s electronic system for COVID-19 patients from August 2020 to December 2020,and the second from January 2021 to May 2021.The mortality rate,demographic and clinical characteristics,laboratory profile,and reasons for the death of the two waves were retrieved and compared,and the risk factors of the two waves were determined.Results:In the first wave,1177 COVID-19 cases visited the hospital and 96(8.2%)died.In comparison,the death rate in the second wave was significantly higher(244/2038,12.0%)(P<0.001).No significant difference in age[60(50-69)vs.60.5(53-70),P=0.11]or gender(P=0.34)was observed between the two waves.Compared to the first wave.there were significantly more cases with fever,cough,weakness,loss of taste and smell,and sore throat during the second wave(P<0.05),but significantly fewer cases with kidney disease(6.6%vs.13.5%,P=0.038)and diabetes mellitus(35.7%vs.50.0%,P=0.015).Besides,during the second wave,more patients had abnormal X-ray findings,higher levels of lymphocytes and serum ferritin(P<0.05).In addition,there were significant differences in the rate of death cases with acidosis,septic shock,acute kidney injury,diabetes mellitus,cardiovascular events,hypothyroidism(P<0.05).Multivariate regression showed that during the first wave,age(OR:1.10;95%CI:1.02-1.21),diabetes mellitus(OR:3.16;95%CI:2.08-3.53),and abnormal X-ray(2.67;95%CI:2.32-2.87)were significant independent risk factors of mortality;while in the second wave,age(OR:1.13;95%CI:1.12-1.28),diabetes mellitus(OR:8.98;95%CI:1.79-45.67),abnormal X-ray(OR:12.83;95%CI:2.32-54.76),high D-dimer(OR:10.89;95%CI:1.56-134.53),and high IL-6(OR:7.89;95%CI:1.18-47.82)were significant independent risk factors of mortality.Conclusion:Overall mortality and incidence of severe diseases are higher in the second wave than the first wave.Demographic characteristics,co-morbidities,and laboratory inflammatory parameters,especially D-dimer and IL-6,are significant risk facors of mortality during the COVID-19 pandemic.     

耐碳青霉烯类铜绿假单胞菌血流感染患者的预后及其影响因素研究

目的 探究耐碳青霉烯类铜绿假单胞菌血流感染（carbapenem-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa bloodstream infection, CRPA-BSI）患者的预后情况及其影响因素。方法 该研究为单中心回顾性队列研究，选取2017年-2021年于四川大学华西医院发生铜绿假单胞菌血流感染患者的临床资料，比较CRPA-BSI患者与碳青霉烯敏感铜绿假单胞菌血流感染（carbapenem-sensitive Pseudomonas aeruginosa bloodstream infection, CSPA-BSI）患者的预后情况，采用Cox回归分析CRPA-BSI患者预后不良的影响因素。结果 共纳入53例CRPA-BSI患者和175例CSPA-BSI患者，根据年龄校正的Charlson合并症指数（age-adjusted Charlson Comorbidity Index, aCCI）将患者进行1∶1匹配以控制混杂因素。在aCCI相近时，CRPA-BSI患者的预后不良发生率高于CSPA-BSI患者[41.5%vs. 18.9%；相对危险度=2.20...     

Clinical characteristics and prognosis of community-acquired pneumonia in autoimmune disease-induced immunocompromised host: A retrospective observational study

BACKGROUND:Community-acquired pneumonia(CAP)in autoimmune diseases(AID)-induced immunocompromised host(ICH)had a high incidence and poor prognosis.However,only a few studies had determined the clinical characteristics of these patients.Our study was to explore the characteristics and predictors of mortality in CAP patients accompanied with AID-induced ICH.METHODS:From 2013 to 2018,a total of 94 CAP patients accompanied with AID-induced ICH,admitted to Emergency Department of Zhongshan Hospital,Fudan University,were enrolled in this study.Clinical data and the risk regression estimates of repeated predictors were evaluated by generalized estimating equations(GEEs)analysis.An open-cohort approach was used to classify patient's outcomes into the survival or non-survival group.RESULTS:The hospital mortality of patients with CAP occurring in AID-induced ICH was 60.64%.No significant differences were found with respect to clinical symptoms and lung images between survival and non-survival groups,while renal insufficiency and dysfunction of coagulation had higher proportions in non-survival patients(P<0.05).Both noninvasive ventilation(NIV)and invasive mechanical ventilation(IMV)were performed more frequently in non-survival group(P<0.05).By the multivariate GEEs analysis,the repeated measured longitudinal indices of neutrophilto-lymphocyte ratio(NLR)(odds ratio[OR]=1.055,95%confidence interval[95%CI]1.025–1.086),lactate dehydrogenase(LDH)(OR=1.004,95%CI 1.002–1.006)and serum creatinine(s Cr)(OR=1.018,95%CI 1.008–1.028),were associated with a higher risk of mortality.CONCLUSION:The CAP patients in AID-induced ICH had a high mortality.A significant relationship was demonstrated between the factors of NLR,LDH,s Cr and mortality risk in these patients.     

环氧化酶-2启动子变异与幽门螺杆菌感染交互和食管癌发病风险的关系

目的 探讨环氧化酶-2(COX-2)启动子区遗传变异与食管癌发病风险的关系,并评价幽门螺杆菌(Hp)感染对其相互作用的影响.方法 以PCR-限制性片断长度多态性方法 在119例食管癌患者和238例健康对照中进行基因分型.以Logistic回归计算比值比(OR)和95%可信区间(CI).结果 COX-2启动子区-1195 G>A遗传变异和食管癌发病风险相关.与1195GG基因型携带者相比,1195GA基因型和1195AA基因型罹患食管癌的发病风险增高,其OR(95%CI)值分别为2.69(1.46～5.14)和2.30(1.23～4.89).而且这种相关关系仅存在于Hp感染阳性的个体中,其OR(95%CI)值为2.74(1.35～5.96).结论 COX-2启动子区遗传变异对食管癌发病风险的影响和Hp感染的状态有关.

Abstract：

Objective To evaluate the association of COX2 genetic variants with the risk of esophageal cancer and the interaction of COX2 genetic variants with Hp infection. Methods A total of 119 patients with esophageal cancer and 238 frequency-matched controls were genotyped by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism method. Odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals ( CI) were estimated by logistic regression. Results Case-control analysis showed an increased risk of developing esophageal cancer for 1195 GA(OR =2.69,95% CI= 1. 46-5. 14) and 1195AA ( OR = 2. 30,95% CI = 1.23-4. 89) genotype carriers,respectively, compared with non 1195 GG carriers. When stratified by Hp status, the significantly increased risk of esophageal cancer was found among Hp carrier with OR (95%CI) =2.74 (1.35-5.96) ,but not among Hp non-carriers. Conclusion Genetic polymorphism in COX2 promoter region may play an important role in esophageal cancer by Hp infection.     

2013-2015年其综合性医院铜绿假单胞菌的临床分布及耐药表型研究

<正>铜绿假单胞菌(pseudomonas aeruginosa,PAE)在自然界和医院环境中分布广泛,是医院感染的主要病原菌。耐亚胺培南铜绿假单胞菌(Imipenem-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa,IRPA)由于其多重耐药性,且引起的感染难以治愈等特点受到了广泛关注。本文对其综合性三甲医院近三年     

重症监护病房内嗜麦芽窄食单胞菌医院感染肺炎的临床及耐药性研究

Objective To investigate the clinical characteristics and resistance of Stenotrophomona maltophila in intensive care unit.Methods 47 cases with nosocomial pneumonia by Stenotrophomona maltophila in intensive care unit from Jan 2003 to Nov 2007 were studied retrospectively.Results All patients had clinical symptoms,treatment with broad spectrum of antibiotics,the length of stay in ICU,artificial airways,mechanical ventilation,central venous catheter and usage of immunosuppressor,all the factor were obviously related with Stenotrophomona maltophila;SMITMP,ticarcillin/clavulanate,cefoperazone/sulbactam,levo-floxacin,ciprofloxacin were higher susceptive to S: maltophila,in range of 80.85%～61.7%.Conclusion The drug resistance in this kind of bacterium is extremely severe,and it mainly cause the infection of respiratory tract.Decreasing days being in hospital and ICU,using antibiotic reasonably,reducing invasive operation may decrease the infection of S.maltophila.     

铜绿假单胞菌的临床分布及耐药性分析

铜绿假单胞菌(Pseudomonas aeruginosa,Pa)易引起各种感染,是医院临床诊断感染中的常见致病菌之一[1].铜绿假单胞菌是一种条件致病菌,对多种抗生素存在着耐药性,甚至存在多重的耐药性.     

重症监护病房内嗜麦芽窄食单胞菌医院感染肺炎的临床及耐药性研究

Objective To investigate the clinical characteristics and resistance of Stenotrophomona maltophila in intensive care unit.Methods 47 cases with nosocomial pneumonia by Stenotrophomona maltophila in intensive care unit from Jan 2003 to Nov 2007 were studied retrospectively.Results All patients had clinical symptoms,treatment with broad spectrum of antibiotics,the length of stay in ICU,artificial airways,mechanical ventilation,central venous catheter and usage of immunosuppressor,all the factor were obviously related with Stenotrophomona maltophila;SMITMP,ticarcillin/clavulanate,cefoperazone/sulbactam,levo-floxacin,ciprofloxacin were higher susceptive to S: maltophila,in range of 80.85%～61.7%.Conclusion The drug resistance in this kind of bacterium is extremely severe,and it mainly cause the infection of respiratory tract.Decreasing days being in hospital and ICU,using antibiotic reasonably,reducing invasive operation may decrease the infection of S.maltophila.     

ICU鲍曼不动杆菌医院感染的危险因素分析

目的探讨重症监护病房（ICU）鲍曼不动杆菌医院感染的危险因素。方法收集ICU鲍曼不动杆菌医院感染患者405例,选择同期ICU未患鲍曼不动杆菌医院感染患者397例作为对照组。采用病例对照研究发现暴露信息,logistic多元回归分析其潜在危险因素。结果ICU入住时间、使用多种抗生素、机械通气时间、再次插管、胸和腹部引流、多次手术、使用激素、昏迷和开放气道是鲍曼不动杆菌医院感染的危险因素（t分别=5．96、7．39,χ2分别=4．42、6．71、5.32、7．76、9．13、10．83、12．51,P均〈0．05）,经多因素Logistic分析后,开放气道、昏迷、使用激素、再次插管、胸和腹部引流、使用多种抗生素、ICU入住时间为主要的危险因素。结论了解危险因素并针对危险因素采取相应措施有助于控制鲍曼不动杆菌引起的医院感染。     

重症医学科医院感染监测及危险因素

目的调查分析重症医学科（ICU）医院感染率、病原菌检出分布及危险因素,为持续质量改进和提高ICU医院感染管理水平提供科学依据。 方法选取2014年1月至2015年12月苏州市吴江区第一人民医院ICU住院患者进行目标性监测,应用Logistic回归分析ICU医院感染危险因素。 结果共收集病例981例,发生医院感染100例和104例次,总体感染及总体例次感染率分别为10.19%、10.60%;与2014年比较,2015年医院感染率、例次感染率、日医院感染率和日例次感染率均有不同程度下降,特别是呼吸机相关肺炎感染发病率显著下降5.78‰;2014年和2015年医院感染均以呼吸机相关性肺炎居首位,占比均≥55%;单因素分析显示,年龄、使用呼吸机、留置导尿管、抗菌药物使用和免疫抑制剂使用等与医院感染发生相关（P<0.05）;Logistic回归分析显示,使用呼吸机、抗菌药物使用和免疫抑制剂使用是ICU医院感染的独立危险因素（OR=3.692,95%CI：3.829~7.027,P=0.012;OR=1.756,95%CI：1.191~2.590,P=0.000;OR=3.457,95%CI：2.019~5.971,P=0.000）;ICU医院感染病原菌以革兰阴性菌为主,鲍曼不动杆菌平均检出率最高,但与2014年比较,2015年该菌检出率降低了10.89%。 结论与2014年比较,2015年ICU医院感染管理水平和质量有了持续改进和提高;此外,严格掌握抗菌药物使用指征,尽量避免免疫抑制剂使用,能有效降低感染发生率,特别对老年患者更为显著。     

外科ICU机械通气患者医院内气管支气管炎发生率、病原学和危险因素分析

目的　探讨机械通气患者并发医院内气管支气管炎(NTB)的发生率、病原学及危险因素。方法　应用队列研究方法回顾性分析我院2002年1月—2004年4月在外科ICU内机械通气患者的临床资料。结果　96例外科ICU内机械通气患者有43例(44.8%)发生NTB,NTB组和非NTB组患者在血浆白蛋白、鼻饲情况、机械通气天数、抗生素应用种数以及ICU内住院时间差别均有统计学意义。鼻饲的比值比(OR)为4.5(95%CI为1.7~11.7),血浆白蛋白减低的OR值为2.6(95%CI1.2~6.0)。机械通气并发NTB患者第1位致病菌是鲍曼不动杆菌(39.5%),其次是金黄色葡萄球菌(32.6%)。在机械通气<5 d并发NTB患者常见致病菌是鲍曼不动杆菌和耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌(MRSA),机械通气≥5 d并发NTB患者常见致病微生物为铜绿假单胞菌和鲍曼不动杆菌。结论　ICU内机械通气患者NTB的发病率较高,血浆白蛋白减低、鼻饲、机械通气时间和ICU内住院时间延长是NTB的重要危险因素。NTB患者应合理使用抗生素,以减少细菌产生耐药。鲍曼不动杆菌、MRSA和铜绿假单胞菌是机械通气并发NTB常见致病菌。     

气管切开时机对长期机械通气患者影响的Meta分析

目的 评价早期气管切开和延迟气管切开对长期机械通气(prolonged mechanical ventilation,PMV)患者.方法 计算机检索Ovide MEDLINE(1966-2006.07)、EMBASE(1980-2006.07)、Cechrane Database(2006年第2期)、中国Cochrane中心临床对照试验资料数据库,中国生物医学文献光盘数据库(1978-2006.07).手工检索初步入选文献的全文和参考文献中所列的相关文献和杂志、学术会议论文集、学位论文汇编.收集国内外关于不同气管切开时机对PMV患者影响的随机和半随机对照试验,并进行方法学质量评价,用RevMan 4.2软件进行Meta分析.结果 共检索到随机对照试验(randomized controlled trials,RCTs)4个,病例286例;半随机对照实验(quasi-RCTs)1个,病例106例.合并结果显示,早期气管切开可以降低PMV患者的死亡率[RR 0.69,95%CI(0.51,0.95)],减少机械通气(mechanical ventilation,MY)时间[WMD-8.49,95%CI(-15.32,-1.66)]和ICU住院时间[WMD-15.33,95%CI(-24.58,-6.08)],但对医院获得性肺炎的发病率无显著影响[RR0.91,95%CI(0.70,1.18].结论 现有证据表明,早期气管切开可以降低PMV患者的死亡率,减少MV时间和ICU住院时间,但对医院获得性肺炎的发病率没有显著影响.     

耐碳青霉烯铜绿假单胞菌医院感染的临床特征及危险因素分析

目的　研究耐碳青霉烯铜绿假单胞菌(carbapenem-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa, CRPA) 医院感染的临床特 征及危险因素。方法　收集咸宁市中心医院2017 年6 月~2018 年12 月分离的64 例CRPA 患者的临床资料,随机选择 128 例同期碳青霉烯敏感铜绿假单胞菌（carbapenem-susceptible Pseudomonas aeruginosa ,CSPA）患者作为对照组,采 用病例对照研究的方式分析CRPA 感染临床特征及相关危险因素。结果　两组患者均以痰标本为主,差异无统计学意 义（χ2=6.668,P>0.05）。CRPA 感染主要来自神经外科、呼吸内科及ICU,ICU 患者CRPA 的比例显著高于CSPA 组, 差异有统计学意义（χ2=6.686,P<0.05）,CRPA 组对所有12 种抗生素的耐药率均高于CSPA 组,差异有统计学意义 （χ2=10.500~55.185,均P<0.05）,CRPA组患者死亡率（25.0%）显著高于CSPA组（10.9%）,差异有统计学意义（χ2=6.400, P<0.05）。多因素Logistics 回归分析发现机械通气、使用3,4 代头孢菌素、使用碳青霉烯类抗生素、联合用药、感染前 14 天内入住ICU（均P<0.05,OR>1）是发生CRPA 院内感染的独立危险因素。结论　该院CRPA 感染耐药率高,预后 差,且ICU 比例相对较高;CRPA 感染具有多个独立危险因素,加强对危险因素控制可以有效预防CRPA 感染播散。     

ICU患者发生获得性衰弱的危险因素分析

目的分析ICU患者发生获得性衰弱的危险因素。 方法选择2015年6月至2018年9月南充市中心医院ICU收治的280例患者作为研究对象,其中63例患者发生ICU获得性衰弱,217例患者未发生ICU获得性衰弱。根据临床工作经验,将与ICU获得性衰弱有直接或间接尚待求证的因素如性别、年龄、体质量指数（BMI）、入ICU时简化急性生理学评分（SAPS）Ⅱ、急性病生理学和长期健康评价（APACHE）Ⅱ评分、意识障碍、高血压、高血糖、来源科室、弥散性血管内凝血（DIC）、脓毒症、脓毒性休克、多器官功能障碍综合征（MODS）、长期卧床制动、低蛋白血症、机械通气时间、应用糖皮质激素、应用神经肌肉阻滞剂、应用去甲肾上腺素、实施早期康复干预等因素纳入Logistic回归分析,筛选出ICU获得性衰弱的影响因素。 结果单因素Logistic回归分析结果显示,女性[比值比（OR）= 1.514,95%置信区间（CI）（1.074,1.328）,P = 0.042]、年龄≥ 60岁[OR = 1.613,95% CI（1.142,2.002）,P = 0.042]、SAPSⅡ评分≥ 25分[OR = 1.982,95% CI（1.003,2.925）,P = 0.013]、APACHEⅡ评分≥ 8分[OR = 1.770,95%CI（1.192,2.742）,P = 0.014]、高血糖[OR = 1.853,95%CI（1.035,2.214）,P = 0.015]、脓毒症[OR = 2.309,95%CI（1.013,3.063）,P = 0.021]、脓毒性休克[OR = 2.106,95%CI（1.995,4.947）,P = 0.025]、MODS [OR = 3.721,95%CI（1.001,4.980）,P = 0.007]、长期卧床制动[OR = 4.641,95%CI（1.932,5.253）,P < 0.001]、机械通气时间≥ 72 h [OR = 3.367,95%CI（1.635,4.254）,P = 0.005]、应用糖皮质激素[OR = 1.709,95%CI（1.424,2.757）,P = 0.021]、应用神经肌肉阻滞剂[OR = 2.042,95%CI（1.331,4.953）,P = 0.011]以及实施早期康复干预[OR = 0.586,95%CI（0.953,1.472）,P = 0.037]与ICU获得性衰弱相关。将其纳入多因素Logistic回归分析后发现,年龄≥ 60岁[OR =1.576,95%CI（1.095,1.753）,P = 0.038]、SAPSⅡ评分≥ 25分[OR = 1.988,95%CI（1.115,1.803）,P = 0.013]、APACHEⅡ评分≥ 8分[OR = 1.768,95%CI（1.189,2.364）,P = 0.014]、高血糖[OR = 1.680,95%CI（1.033,1.689）,P = 0.015]、脓毒症[OR = 1.842,95%CI（1.011,1.976）,P = 0.010]、长期卧床制动[OR = 4.745,95%CI（1.931,3.470）,P < 0.001]、机械通气时间≥ 72 h[OR = 3.353,95%CI（1.722,4.314）,P = 0.003]、应用神经肌肉阻滞剂[OR = 1.931,95%CI（1.247,2.573）,P = 0.005]是ICU患者发生获得性衰弱的独立危险因素,而实施早期康复干预[OR = 0.598,95%CI（0.978,1.674）,P = 0.037]是其保护因素。 结论ICU获得性衰弱的危险因素复杂,应加强高危患者的早期干预,积极控制好血糖,减少制动时间和机械通气时间,预防ICU获得性衰弱的发生。     

机械通气患者镇静早期深镇静发生情况及危险因素分析

目的 分析ICU机械通气镇静患者早期深镇静的发生情况及危险因素,为降低深镇静的发生率提供参考依据.方法 采用回顾性研究方法选取ICU机械通气镇静患者77例,分析早期深镇静的发生情况及相关危险因素.结果 机械通气早期有57.14％ 的患者发生了深镇静;二元Logistic回归分析显示:使用苯二氮卓类药物(OR:6.685...     

支气管扩张症患者感染多重耐药铜绿假单胞菌的影响因素分析

目的 探讨支气管扩张症患者感染多重耐药铜绿假单胞菌（MDRP）的影响因素,为临床合理应用抗菌药物、减少多重耐药菌的产生提供科学依据。方法 回顾性分析因支气管扩张症伴感染导致住院且痰培养分离出铜绿假单胞菌（PA）的患者病历资料,依据药物敏感试验结果分为MDRP组与非MDRP组,采用t检验、x²检验和Wilcoxon秩和检验对临床资料进行初筛,再行Logistic逐步回归分析,探讨MDRP感染的影响因素。结果 共纳入98株PA,其中MDRP组34株,非MDRP组64株,经统计分析,近1年住院次数（OR = 2.419,95%CI 1.559 ~ 3.752,P < 0.001）、ICU/呼吸重症监护病房（RICU）入住史（OR = 4.486,95%CI 1.290 ~ 15.602,P = 0.018）、咯血（OR = 4.702,95%CI 1.110 ~ 19.918,P = 0.036）是MDRP感染的影响因素。 结论 近1年频繁住院、ICU/RICU入住史、咯血是MDRP感染的重要危险因素。     

Incidence and risk factors for ventilator-associated pneumonia in 4 multidisciplinary intensive care units in Athens,Greece

INTRODUCTION: Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) is the most common nosocomial infection among intensive care unit (ICU) patients. OBJECTIVE: Prospectively identify the factors associated with development of VAP and examine the incidence of VAP. SUBJECTS: Over a 6-month period we had 175 patients who required mechanical ventilation for longer than 24 hours. RESULTS: VAP occurred in 56 patients (32%). Stepwise logistic regression analysis identified 5 factors independently associated with VAP (p < 0.05): bronchoscopy (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 2.95; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.1-8.3; p = 0.036); tube thoracostomy (AOR = 2.78; 95% CI, 1.1-6.6; p = 0.023); tracheostomy (AOR = 3.56; 95% CI, 1.7-8.4; p = 0.002); Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation (APACHE II) score >/= 18 (AOR = 2.33; 95% CI, 1.1-5.1; p = 0.033); and enteral feeding (AOR = 2.89; 95% CI, 1.3-7.7; p = 0.026). The duration of mechanical ventilation was longer among patients who developed VAP (p < 0.001). VAP was not associated with the cause of ICU admission. CONCLUSIONS: VAP is a common infection and certain interventions might affect the incidence of VAP. ICU clinicians should be aware of the risk factors for VAP, which could prove useful in identifying patients at high risk for VAP and modifying patient care to minimize the risk of VAP, such as avoiding unnecessary bronchoscopy or modulating enteral feeding.     

联合检测中性粒细胞与白蛋白比值和乳酸对脓毒性休克患者早期预后的评估价值

目的探讨中性粒细胞与白蛋白比值（NAR）和乳酸对脓毒性休克患者28 d死亡的预测价值。 方法回顾性分析2017年10月至2019年10月南京市第一医院ICU收治的118例脓毒性休克患者的临床资料,记录所有患者的年龄、性别、体质量指数（BMI）、急性病生理学和长期健康评价（APACHE）Ⅱ评分、序贯器官衰竭估计（SOFA）评分、C反应蛋白质（CRP）、降钙素原、NAR、白细胞计数、红细胞分布宽度（RDW）、乳酸、住ICU时间、机械通气时间、行连续肾脏替代疗法（CRRT）、肺部感染、腹腔感染、泌尿系感染、血行感染和28 d死亡情况。将上述因素纳入单因素Logistic回归分析,初步筛选出相关的影响因素,再纳入多因素Logistic回归分析,得到影响脓毒性休克患者28 d死亡的独立危险因素;采用受试者工作特征（ROC）曲线分析NAR、乳酸及两者联合对脓毒性休克患者28 d死亡的预测价值,并用Z检验比较曲线下面积（AUC）。 结果经单因素Logistic回归分析,初步筛选出影响脓毒性休克患者28 d死亡的9个因素,包括男性[比值比（OR）= 0.345,95%置信区间（CI）（0.603,3.357）,P = 0.004]、SOFA评分[OR = 1.183,95%CI（1.036,1.350）,P = 0.013]、NAR [OR = 2.849,95%CI（1.487,5.457）,P = 0.002]、乳酸[OR = 1.275,95%CI（1.108,1.467）,P = 0.001]、机械通气时间[OR = 0.254,95%CI（1.025,1.223）,P < 0.001]、行CRRT [OR = 4.585,95%CI（1.737,12.100）,P = 0.002]、存在肺部感染[OR = 0.282,95%CI（0.898,4.732）,P < 0.001]、存在腹腔感染[OR = 0.460,95%CI（0.392,1.989）,P = 0.002]、存在泌尿系感染[OR = 0.464,95%CI（0.201,2.195）,P < 0.001]。将上述影响因素纳入多因素Logistic回归分析,结果显示,NAR [OR = 4.424,95%CI（1.427,13.717）,P = 0.010]、乳酸[OR = 1.267,95%CI（1.008,1.594）,P = 0.043]、机械通气时间[OR = 1.168,95%CI（1.007,1.356）,P = 0.041]、行CRRT [OR = 5.148,95%CI（1.069,24.794）,P = 0.041]是脓毒性休克患者28 d死亡的独立危险因素。ROC曲线分析结果显示,NAR [AUC = 0.676,95%CI（0.572,0.780）,P = 0.001]、乳酸[AUC = 0.696,95%CI（0.592,0.800）,P < 0.001]及NAR和乳酸联合[AUC = 0.759,95%CI（0.699,0.850）,P < 0.001]均对脓毒性休克患者28 d死亡具有预测价值,且NAR和乳酸联合的AUC显著高于NAR（Z = 2.110,P = 0.035）及乳酸（Z = 1.991,P = 0.047）。 结论NAR和乳酸对脓毒性休克患者28 d死亡有一定的预测价值,且两者联合能够提高预测价值。