骶骨脊索瘤CD40、PCNA、CD31表达及其与肿瘤复发的相关性研究

[目的]研究骶骨脊索瘤中CD40、PCNA、CD31的表达水平及其与脊索瘤复发的相关性。[方法]采用EnVi-sionTM免疫组化技术检测28例骶骨脊索瘤组织、9例正常胚胎脊索组织中的CD40和PCNA的表达,并计数CD31标记的肿瘤组织微血管密度(MVD)。[结果]①CD40、PCNA在骶骨脊索瘤中的强阳性表达率分别为66.1%、64.3%,明显高于正常胚胎脊索组织。两者之间的差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);骶骨脊索瘤中CD31标记的微血管密度(24.26±18.68)/mm2,正常胚胎脊索组织微血管密度值为(4.63±2.19)/mm2;差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);②28例骶骨脊索瘤,其中复发组14例,非复发组14例,两组间CD40阳性表达率分别为14.29%、85.71%;PCNA阳性表达率分别为92.86%、50.00%;CD31标记的MVD值分别为(30.66±23.75)/mm2、(17.88±8.52)/mm2;均有统计学差异(P<0.05);③CD40、PCNA表达及CD31标记的MVD值与患者的年龄、性别、肿瘤大小无统计学相关性;④PCNA阳性表达的骶骨脊索瘤组织中MVD值为(28....     

肾细胞癌血管内皮生长因子及微血管密度的免疫组化研究

目的　探讨血管内皮生长因子（VEGF）和微血管生成与肾癌发展的关系。　方法　应用免疫组化技术检测46例肿瘤组织中的VEGF。　结果　46例肿瘤组织中VEGF阳性表达28例 (60.8%)、微血管密度（MVD）为63.64±33.20,均显著高于正常组织。VEGF、MVD与肿瘤的组织类型无关（P＞0.05),与肿瘤的组织学分级有关（P＜0.05);VEGF阳性组MVD明显高于阴性组(P＜0.05);有淋巴结转移组VEGF、MVD均高于无淋巴结转移组(P＜0.05);VEGF阳性组术后5年复发转移率明显高于阴性组（P＜0.01)。　结论　VEGF与肾癌的血管生成有关,VEGF和MVD可作为反映肾细胞癌生物学行为的指标之一。     

Survivin在原发性肝癌组织中的表达及与MVD的关系

目的 研究原发性肝癌组织中Survivin的表达及其与微血管密度(microvessel density,MVD)的关系,探讨它们之间及其与原发性肝癌临床病理特征的相互关系. 方法 用ABC免疫组化法测定56例原发性肝癌组织及癌旁组织中Survivin的表达水平及MVD. 结果 56例原发性肝癌组织中Survivin的阳性表达率(62.5%)和MVD计数均值[(55.43±6.72)个/HP],明显高于癌旁组织中Survivin的阳性表达率(14.3%)及MVD计数均值[(21.04±3.26)个/HP](P值均<0.05);Survivin的表达情况及MVD与原发性肝癌组织的分化程度、肿瘤有无转移、肿块直径、门静脉、肝静脉癌栓关系密切(P<0.05);原发性肝癌组织中Survivin表达评分与MVD之间存在正相关关系(P<0.01). 结论 Survivin和MVD的表达可能与原发性肝癌的发生、发展及血管生成密切相关.     

NF-κBp65、VEGF在肝癌血管生成中的作用与相关性研究

目的 通过对肝细胞癌(HCC)组织、癌旁组织、肝硬化组织及正常肝组织中核转录因子-κBp65(NF-κBp65)、血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)的蛋白表达和微血管密度(MVD)的检测,探讨NF-κBp65、VEGF的蛋白表达与HCC新生血管生成的关系及相关性,阐述二者在HCC血管生成中的机制.方法 选用45例HCC组织和32例癌旁肝组织、15例肝硬化组织、10例正常肝组织标本作对照,采用免疫组化法(SABC)检测其NF-κBp65、VEGF的表达和计数MVD值,并结合患者的临床病理指标进行统计学分析.结果 HCC中NF-κBp65、VEGF的表达和MVD值显著高于癌旁肝组织、肝硬化组织和正常肝组织(P＜0.05);HCC组织中NF-κBp65、VEGF阳性表达组显著高于阴性表达组(P＜0.05);NF-κBp65、VEGF的表达在有血管侵犯组显著高于无血管侵犯组(P＜0.05);Spearman等级相关分析NF-κBp65与VEGF表达之间存在正相关性(r=0.72,P＜0.05).结论 HCC中NF-κBp65、VEGF的表达与肝癌血管生成有关;HCC组织中NF-κBp65的表达与VEGF存在相关性,它们之间在肝癌血管生成中可能存在调节关系.     

Survivin、VEGF和p53在乳腺癌组织中的表达及相关性研究

目的:研究凋亡抑制基因Survivin、血管内皮生长因子(vascular endothelial groth factor, VEGF)、p53蛋白在乳腺癌组织中的表达,并探讨其临床意义.方法:用免疫组织化学SP法,对60例乳腺癌组织(A组)、22例乳腺良性增生组织(B组)及10例乳腺癌旁正常组织(C组)中的Survivin、VEGF及p53蛋白进行检测.结果:Survivin阳性表达率在A组和B组分别为76.7%(46/60) 和18.2%(4/22),在C组不表达(P＜0.05);Survivin表达与乳腺癌病理组织学分级、HER2表达有关.VEGF阳性表达率在A组和B组分别为73.3%(44/60)和31.8%(7/22),在C组为10%(1/10)(P＜0.05);VEGF表达与乳腺癌淋巴结转移、病理组织学分级、HER2表达及临床分期有关.p53阳性表达率在A组和B组分别为51.7%(31/60)和13.6%(3/22),在C组不表达(P＜0.05);p53表达与乳腺癌肿瘤大小、淋巴结转移、病理组织学分级、HER2表达及临床分期均有关.在乳腺癌组织中Survivin的表达与VEGF、p53的表达呈正相关.结论:Survivin、VEGF及p53 在A组的表达明显高于B组和C组,并与转移和病理分级等生物学特征有关,在乳腺癌发生、发展中可能起重要作用,Survivin有望成为乳腺癌基因治疗的新靶点.     

Livin蛋白在原发性肝细胞癌组织中的表达和意义

目的 探讨凋亡抑制蛋白(inhibitor of apoptosis protein,IAP)Livin在人原发性肝癌(HCC)组织中的表达及其与HCC血管生成的关系.方法 应用免疫组织化学法检测42例HCC及对应癌旁组织和12例正常肝组织内Livin的表达情况,观察Livin蛋白与HCC病理学特点及微血管密度(microvessel density,MVD)之间的关系.结果 免疫组织化学(SP)染色结果显示,Livin蛋白在正常肝组织中均不表达,而在42例HCC中的阳性表达率(73.81%)显著高于癌旁组织(4.76%)和正常肝脏组织,有显著统计学意义(X2=39.13,P＜0.05;X2=17.89,P＜0.05);Livin蛋白在病理分级Ⅲ～Ⅳ组阳性表达率(85.12%)强度明显高于病理分级Ⅰ～Ⅱ组(53.33%),两者比较差异有显著统计学意义(X2=4.690,P＜0.05);Livin蛋白在有转移HCC中的阳性表达率(89.47%)明显高于无转移组(60.89%),有统计学意义(X2=4.404,P＜0.05);Livin蛋白阳性表达HCC中的MVD值明显高于Livin蛋白阴性表达HCC中MVD值(23.56±5.12/17.63±4.86;P＜0.05).结论 Livin蛋白基因在原发性肝癌组织中高表达,提示该基因可能参与了肝癌的发生发展过程;Livin蛋白在HCC组织中的表达明显上调且与血管生成和浸润转移有关.     

Survivin在胆管癌组织中的表达及其与VEGF关系的相关研究

目的: 探讨凋亡抑制蛋白Survivin在胆管癌组织中的表达及其与血管内皮生长因子(vascular endothelial growth factor,VEGF)表达的关系.方法:应用免疫组织化学方法测定51例胆管癌组织和10例正常胆管组织的Survivin和VEGF的表达水平.结果:1)胆管癌组织中,Survivin阳性表达率为74.5%,正常胆管组织中的阳性表达率为0,两者相比差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01);Survivin在胆管癌中的表达与患者的性别和年龄、肿瘤的分化程度和部位、有无淋巴结转移无明显相关性(P＞0.05).2)VEGF在胆管癌组织中的阳性表达率为80.4%,在正常胆管组织中的阳性表达率为20%,两者相比差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01); VEGF在胆管癌中的表达与患者的性别和年龄、肿瘤的分化程度和部位无明显相关性(P＞0.05),而与有无淋巴结转移有相关性(P＜0.05),转移组高于无转移组.3)Survivin和VEGF在胆管癌组织中阳性表达的比率均为70.6%,二者的表达密切相关(P＜0.01).结论: Survivin和VEGF在胆管癌的发生、发展、侵袭和转移过程中发挥重要作用,二者在肿瘤血管生成过程中密切相关,为胆管癌的诊断和靶向基因治疗提供新的途径.     

血管内皮生长因子的表达和微血管密度与结直肠癌侵袭转移的关系

目的:探讨血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)的表达和微血管密度(MVD)在结直肠癌侵袭和转移过程中的作用及其相互关系.方法:采用免疫组织化学方法检测61例结直肠癌组织中VEGF表达,用CD34染色标记血管内皮细胞,对癌组织中MVD进行计数.结果:结直肠癌组织中VEGF阳性表达率为49.2%,MVD为28.7±12.9.在肿瘤坏死区周围或肿瘤浸润边缘VEGF表达较强,MVD较密集.VEGF表达及MVD与肿瘤浸润深度、淋巴结转移、肝转移及Dukes分期密切相关(P＜0.01),而与肿瘤大小、组织病理学类型无关(P＞0.05).高血管密度组(MVD＞29)淋巴结转移、肿瘤浸润浆膜和肝转移的发生率显著高于低血管密度组(MVD≤29).VEGF阳性表达组MVD显著高于阴性表达组(P＜0.01).结论:VEGF表达和MVD与结直肠癌侵袭和转移有关,可作为反映结直肠癌生物学行为的指标.     

胃癌血管生成及其与周围静脉血微转移的关系

目的研究胃癌组织中血管生成及其与胃癌患者外周血癌细胞微转移的关系.方法用免疫组化方法检测胃癌组织中微血管密度(MVD)和血管内皮细胞生长因子(VEGF)的表达,用巢式RT-PCR方法检测胃癌患者外周血癌细胞微转移.结果42例胃癌组织中,MVD计数范围在9～78之间,平均36.5±16.5,MVD计数与肿瘤大小和浸润深度密切相关(P＜0.05);17例(40.5%)胃癌组织VEGF表达阳性,其阳性表达与肿瘤大小、浸润深度和TNM分期密切相关(P＜0.05);13例(30.9%)患者外周血微转移阳性,微转移阳性患者的肿瘤MVD计数(47.2±19.0)和VEGF阳性率(69.2%)显著大于微转移阴性患者的MVD计数(31.7±13.0)和VEGF阳性率(27.6%)(P＜0.05).结论胃癌组织中MVD计数和VEGF表达与肿瘤进展相关;胃癌组织血管化程度与周围静脉血癌细胞微转移密切相关.     

乳腺癌中survivin的表达与血管生成的关系

目的:探讨survivin表达与乳腺癌血管生成的关系。方法:应用免疫组化法(IHC)检测survivin在40例乳腺癌组织、10例癌旁正常腺体组织中的表达情况；以FⅧ RA作为血管内皮标记物，计数乳腺癌组织微血管密度(MVD)的表达情况。结果:survivin在乳腺癌组织中的阳性表达率为62.5%(25/40)，而10例癌旁腺体组织中无表达，两者差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。40例乳腺癌组织中的MVD为（43.73±10.07）个/HP，其中25例survivin阳性组中MVD的表达为(63.33±10.36)个/HP，显著高于15例阴性组的(20.12±8.47) 个/HP (P<0.05)。结论:survivin的高表达可能参与乳腺癌中微血管的新生，故可作为评价乳腺癌生物学行为的指标之一。     

国产与进口6%羟乙基淀粉130/0.4注射液容量治疗疗效和安全性的对比研究

目的 与进口6%羟乙基淀粉130/0.4注射液进行对比性研究,评价国产6%羟乙基淀粉130/0.4注射液的有效性及安全性.方法 患者随机分为研究组123例,对照组117例,术中输注研究药物或对照药物10 ml·kg-1·h-1,输注时间 2 h,期间观察患者生命体征,记录液体出入量与合并用药,比较术前和输注后血常规、血电解质、凝血功能、肝肾功能、尿常规指标变化;并记录术中不良事件发生与处理.结果 两组患者用药期间BP、HR、SpO2均能维持正常,BP和HR的变化率两组间差异无统计学意义.两组患者术中出入量、应用血管活性药物及应用血液制品人数与用量组间差异无统计学意义.输注后两组Hct、Hb下降幅度一致,血K+、Na+略低于应用前,血Cl-高于应用前,血糖有升高,PT、APTT时间延长,TT时间略缩短.肝功能ALT、AST超过正常值1.5倍的两组各有4例.肾功能BUN、Cr研究组有11例,对照组7例高于正常.结论 国产6%羟乙基淀粉130/0.4注射液用于全麻下非心脏外科手术患者术中容量治疗扩容效果安全可靠,与进口6%羟乙基淀粉130/0.4注射液作用相似.     

The Central Role of the Nose in the Face and the Psyche: Review of the Nose and the Psyche

Background According to statistics released by the American Society of Plastic Surgeons in 2006, rhinoplasty is one of the most sought after aesthetic surgeries by ethnic patients and teenagers. It also is the most requested aesthetic operation by patients with body dysmorphic disorder. The psychosocial aspect of rhinoplasty is undeniable. Tagliacozzi in 1567 and Joseph more than a century ago were already aware of this aspect. Methods Using the terms “rhinoplasty,” “patients selection,” “psychological aspect,” and psychological outcome,” 30 studies were selected through searches of the MEDLINE, PUBMED, and EMBASE databases,. This review aimed to analyze how the most acknowledged experts of psychology, facial plastic surgery, and plastic surgery who have worked on the psychological outcome for rhinoplasty during the past century considered the nose–psyche relationship and the influence of rhinoplasty at the psychological level. Results The link between rhinoplasty, psychology, and social environment has been discussed by many important authors during the past century. All of them, independently of their field of study, have stressed that it is critical for surgeons to be aware of their responsibility regarding both the physical and emotional levels. There is evidence that an official preoperative interview is lacking. Conclusions To recognize the importance of rhinoplasty’s psychological implications, it is critical to make a good selection of patients seeking this operation and to have a good outcome. To this end, the preoperative interview is fundamental. Surgeons should be competent at both the psychological and surgical levels.     

Teamwork and the legal and ethical responsibility of the anaesthetist

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Anaesthetists are members of the operating team. Although the surgeons usually consider themselves to be the leaders of the team, all members, including the anaesthetist, have their own legal, ethical and professional responsibilities. RECENT FINDINGS: Good communication and sharing responsibility are characteristics of teamwork. Many factors can affect team functioning: training differences, social status, differences in responsibility, gender, age and culture, among others. An increasing number of individuals are involved in modern treatment due to limited working hours and increasing subspecialization, which complicates collaboration. Not all participants have the same perception of the team structure and its operation. Multidisciplinary, well designed training programmes are needed. SUMMARY: Anaesthetists have to be more aware of their position in the care team and pay more attention to their legal, ethical and professional responsibilities.     

腹腔镜联合内镜微创手术治疗胆囊结石合并胆总管结石的临床观察

目的探讨腹腔镜联合内镜微创手术治疗胆囊结石合并胆总管结石的疗效。方法回顾性分析95例胆囊结石合并胆总管结石病人行腹腔镜联合内镜微创手术治疗的临床资料。结果本组63例先行十二指肠镜下乳头括约肌切开术(endoscopic sphincterotomy,EST)治疗,其中59例成功行EST+腹腔镜胆囊切除术(laparoscopic cholecystectomy,LC),但术中并发十二指肠乳头少量出血2例,术后发生胆道感染1例,出现可疑十二指肠漏1例;4例EST取石失败后1周内改开腹手术,术后并发腹腔感染1例,胆漏1例。23例顺利行LC+腹腔镜胆总管探查取石术,其中腹腔镜胆囊管探查取石5例,腹腔镜胆总管切开取石18例。9例因疑诊胆总管结石而先行LC,术后2~4 d再行EST。术后随访6~12个月,均未出现反流性胆管炎、乳头狭窄等并发症,无胆管结石残留。结论腹腔镜联合内镜微创手术治疗胆囊结石合并胆总管结石效果满意。     

Ocular immunopathological characteristics and the involvement of the platelet-aggregation factor and the anti-PAF at the level of the eye

This lecture tries to systematize the data about PAF (platelet activating factor) complex implications in the different ocular immune responses, and about the therapeutical results of PAF antagonists ?n experimental and clinical inflammatory conditions.     

Reconciling the capability approach and the ICF

The literature on applications of the so-called “Capability Approach” of Amartya Sen and Martha Nussbaum is extensive, but it is only recently that some have argued that its application to the analysis of disability would be a great advantage over existing analyses, and in particular preferable to the model of functioning and disability found in the World Health Organization's International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF). I argue here that care must be taken in this head-to-head comparison between the Capability Approach and ICF since the former is essentially a political-theoretical account of equalitarian justice, whereas the latter is a model of a classification system for describing disability that is explicitly neutral between any theory of distributive justice. Nonetheless, this paper argues that a careful comparison of the two approaches to the conceptualisation of disability reveals salient aspects of convergence that, arguably, point to a potential synergy between the Capability Approach as applied to disability and the ICF.     

Anatomy of the pancreas and the spleen

The pancreas comprises a head, uncinate process, neck, body and tail. It lies retroperitoneally, roughly at the transpyloric plane, separated from the stomach in front by the lesser sac. Its tail abuts onto the spleen. It has a rich blood supply, from the superior and inferior pancreatico-duodenal arteries and, particularly, from the tortuous splenic artery, which lies along its superior border. Its corresponding veins drain into the portal system. It has both exocrine (digestive enzymes), and endocrine secretory functions, the latter, most importantly, being the secretion of insulin from the islet cells. It also secretes glucagon, somatostatin and gastrin.