小檗碱抗肿瘤研究进展

目的 介绍小檗碱抗肿瘤作用的研究概况及展望。方法 总结小檗碱的抗肿瘤活性及机制。结果 小檗碱具有明显的抗肿瘤作用。结论 小檗碱是有发展前景的抗肿瘤药。     

小檗碱抗肿瘤作用与Wnt/-βcaten in信号转导关系

目的证明小檗碱抗肿瘤作用机制可能与信号转导过程的调控有关。方法采用细胞增殖抑制和Hoechst 33258染色凋亡实验比较小檗碱和黄连总碱对人结肠癌HCT116和SW 480细胞的作用。利用Tcf-4报告基因研究小檗碱对肿瘤细胞的信号转导影响。结果小檗碱在5~40 mg.L-1浓度范围内呈浓度依赖性和时间依赖性抑制人结肠癌HCT116和SW 480细胞的增殖;小檗碱(20 mg.L-1)处理72 h后的HCT116和SW 480细胞出现明显凋亡;相当于小檗碱浓度的黄连总碱有类似于小檗碱的作用。20~40 mg.L-1小檗碱和黄连总碱均能明显抑制-βcaten in/Tcf介导的转录活性。结论黄连总碱的抗肿瘤作用可能与其主要成分小檗碱有关;其抗肿瘤作用机制至少与抑制W nt/-βcaten in信号通路有关。     

小檗碱调脂的研究进展

盐酸小檗碱（berberine）是从黄连中提取的一种天然的异喹啉类生物碱。小檗碱具有多种药理作用,包括抗病原微生物、抗炎、抗肿瘤、心脏保护、降血糖、调节脂质代谢以及免疫抑制等。近10年来,国内外学者对小檗碱调脂机制进行了广泛的研究。从调节血浆脂质合成、促进脂质分解等方面对小檗碱改善血脂机制加以综述,为其进一步开发和研究提供参考。     

小檗碱的分析方法及药理作用研究进展

小檗碱是多种清热解毒类中药的有效成分,目前多用HPLC、紫外等方法进行测定。现代研究表明,小檗碱除了具有传统的抗菌、抗炎等药理作用外,还具有抗肿瘤、治疗心血管疾病、辅助治疗糖尿病等方面的作用,是一种具有广阔应用前景的化合物。本文主要对小檗碱的相关分析方法及药理研究进展进行了综述。     

小檗碱抗脑瘤和头颈部肿瘤的药理作用研究进展

小檗碱具有广泛的药理活性,除抗炎、抗感染、降血糖、调血脂、心脏保护等作用外,对胃癌、乳腺癌、膀胱癌、肝癌等还具有显著的抗肿瘤作用,是一个潜在的抗肿瘤药物。该文主要围绕小檗碱对甲状腺癌、鼻咽癌、口腔鳞癌、舌癌、喉癌、腺样囊性癌等头颈部肿瘤和脑癌的药理作用及其机制进行了综述和分析,为小檗碱的后续开发提供理论支撑。     

小檗碱对多柔比星的增效减毒作用及其机制研究进展

多柔比星是临床治疗中有效的抗肿瘤药,但其严重的心脏、肝脏毒性使其临床应用受到了极大限制。小檗碱是从黄连属植物分得的生物碱,具有多种生物活性和药理作用,对痢疾、真菌感染、糖尿病、肿瘤等都有治疗作用。研究发现小檗碱不仅可以通过诱导肿瘤细胞的凋亡来增强多柔比星的抗肿瘤活性;还可以通过改变多柔比星引起心肌病的相关指标来降低多柔比星引起的心肌细胞的损伤;另外,小檗碱对多柔比星引起的肝脏损伤也有一定的保护作用。综述了小檗碱对多柔比星的增效减毒作用及其机制的研究进展,这种发现提供了一种新颖的治疗方法,对多柔比星临床治疗的发展具有重要的意义。     

小檗碱用于结直肠癌治疗的研究现状

越来越多的研究证明,天然药物对肿瘤具有一定的治疗作用。小檗碱是从毛茛科黄连根状茎中提取的一种异喹啉生物碱,由于其清热解毒及抗菌等药理学作用而广泛用于临床。近年研究提示,小檗碱对包括结直肠癌在内的多种实体瘤具有抗肿瘤活性,AMPK信号轴、细胞周期、细胞凋亡及某些细胞因子是其作用靶标。小檗碱还能够有效逆转伊立替康的化学治疗耐受。深入探讨小檗碱在结直肠癌治疗中的作用及可能分子机制,对指导小檗碱联合化疗的结直肠癌临床应用具有积极意义。     

小檗碱抗肝癌药理作用及其机制的研究进展

小檗碱是一种具有广泛药理作用的生物活性物质,除了抗炎、抗菌、抗病毒、抗腹泻、抗高血压、抗缺氧、降血糖和降血脂等作用,还具有抗肿瘤作用。近些年,国内外科研团队对小檗碱在抗肝癌领域的作用进行了诸多深入的研究,并发表了很多重要发现。为此,笔者综述了小檗碱对动物体和人肝癌细胞的抗肝癌药理作用及其机制,并对相关研究做了分析。     

小檗碱对正常小鼠血糖调节的影响

本文探讨了小檗碱降低正常小鼠血糖的作用机制。实验表明,小檗碱未影响胰岛素的分泌与释放,也未影响肝细胞膜胰岛素受体的数目与亲和力,小檗碱的作用可能为受体后效应。实验观察到小檗碱可以对抗注射葡萄糖引起的血糖升高,可以抑制以丙氨酸为底物的糖原异生,以及小檗碱的降血糖作用与血乳酸的升高密切相关,因而小檗碱可能通过抑制糖原异生和/或促进糖酵解产生降血糖作用。     

小檗碱的临床新用途及其作用机制研究进展

小檗碱又称黄连素,是传统中药黄连的有效成分,是一种可治疗由各种原因引起的腹泻的传统良药。近年研究发现,小檗碱还有许多新的临床用途,如对糖尿病、高脂血症等代谢性疾病治疗有确切的疗效;还具有抗炎、抗肿瘤和免疫调节等作用,可用于肿瘤和炎症性肠病的辅助治疗。本文就小檗碱的临床新用途及其可能的作用机制作一系统综述。     

Advances in structural modifications and biological activities of berberine: an active compound in traditional Chinese medicine

Berberine is an isoquinoline alkaloid isolated from Chinese herbs such as Coptidis Rhizome. This paper is a systematic review of the structural modifications of berberine for different biological activities such as antitumor, antimicrobial, anti-Alzheimer's disease, antihyperglycemic, anti-inflammatory and antimalaria. The current review would provide some useful information for further studies on structural modification of berberine for discovering new drug leads.     

The metabolism of berberine and its contribution to the pharmacological effects

Berberine, a bioactive alkaloid isolated from several herbal substances, possesses multiple pharmacological effects, including antimicrobial, antidiabetic, anticancer activities. Meanwhile, berberine undergoes extensive metabolism after oral administration which results in its extremely low plasma exposure. Therefore, it is believed that the metabolites of berberine also contribute a lot to its pharmacological effects. Along these lines, this review covers the metabolism studies of berberine in terms of its metabolic pathways and metabolic organs based on the identified metabolites, and it also covers the pharmacological activities of its active metabolites. In brief, the predominant metabolic pathways of berberine are demethylation, demethylenation, reduction, hydroxylation and subsequent conjugation in vivo. Active metabolites such as columbamine, berberrubine and demethyleneberberine also exhibit similar pharmacological effects by comparison with berberine, such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antitumor, antimicrobial, hepatoprotective, neuroprotective, hypolipidemic and hypoglycemic effects. Overall, berberine together with its metabolites formed the material basis of berberine in vivo.     

Involvement of mitochondrial and B-RAF/ERK signaling pathways in berberine-induced apoptosis in human melanoma cells

The natural isoquinoline alkaloid berberine exhibits a wide spectrum of biological activities including antitumor activity, but its mechanism of action remains to be fully elucidated. Here, we report that berberine induced apoptosis in human melanoma cells, through a process that involved mitochondria and caspase activation. Berberine-induced activation of a number of caspases, including caspases 3, 4, 7, 8, and 9. Pan-caspase inhibitor, z-VAD-fmk, and caspase-8 and caspase-9 inhibitors prevented apoptosis. Berberine also led to the generation of the p20 cleavage fragment of BAP31, involved in directing proapoptotic signals between the endoplasmic reticulum and the mitochondria. Treatment of SK-MEL-2 melanoma cells with berberine induced disruption of the mitochondrial transmembrane potential, release of cytochrome c and apoptosis-inducing factor from the mitochondria to the cytosol, generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and a decreased ATP/ADP ratio. Overexpression of bcl-xL by gene transfer prevented berberine-induced cell death, mitochondrial transmembrane potential loss, and cytochrome c and apoptosis-inducing factor release, but not ROS generation. N-acetyl-L-cysteine inhibited the production of ROS, but did not abrogate the berberine-induced apoptosis. Inhibition of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) phosphorylation, by using the mitogen-activated protein kinase/ERK kinase inhibitor PD98059, and reduction of B-RAF levels by silencing RNA induced cell death of SK-MEL-2 cells, and diminished the berberine concentration required to promote apoptosis. These data show that berberine-induced apoptosis in melanoma cells involves mitochondria and caspase activation, but ROS generation was not essential. Our results indicate that inhibition of B-RAF/ERK survival signaling facilitates the cell death response triggered by berberine.     

Protective effects of berberine hydrochloride on DSS-induced ulcerative colitis in rats

BackgroundBerberine hydrochloride is one the effective compound among Rhizoma Coptidis, Cortex Phellodendri, and other plants. There are several clinical functions of berberine hydrochloride including anti-inflammation, antitumor and immunoregulatory. However, the anti-inflammatory of berberine hydrochloride in ulcerative colitis is barely understood. In this study, we aimed to explore the effects of berberine hydrochloride on dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced rats model of ulcerative colitis.MethodsThe severity of colitis were measured by body weight, survial rate, colon length and disease activity index (DAI) score. The cytokines expression include IL-1, IL-1β, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, IL-12, TNF-α, TGF-β and IFN-γ were performed by RT-PCR and ELISA. Signaling pathway proteins such as p-STAT3, STAT3, p-NF-κB p65 and NF-κB p65 were analyzed by western blot and immunofluorescence. The proteins expression of tight junction were explored using western blotting and immunohistochemistry.ResultRats were administered berberine hydrochloride showed less weight loss and longer colon length than the DSS-induced group. The expression of IL-1, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-12, TNF-α, TGF-β and IFN-γ were suppressed, yet the expression of IL-4 and IL-10 were up-regulated by berberine hydrochloride and sulphasalazine treatment compared to the model group. Meanwhile, treatment with berberine hydrochloride effectively increased the expression of SIgA and decreased the expression of iNOS, MPO, MDA. In terms of the biochemical analyses, the results showed that the expression of p-STAT3 was signifcantly increased, while the expression of p-NF-κB (p65) was suppressed compared to the model group via western blot and immunofluorescence analysis.ConclusionsBerberine hydrochloride has beneficial effects in UC. The possible mechanism of anti-inflammatory response by berberine hydrochloride may involve in the blocking of the IL-6/STAT3/NF-κB signaling pathway. Collectively, these fndings provide evidence that berberine hydrochloride might be a useful herb medicine and serve as a promising novel therapy in the treatment of UC in humans.     

小檗碱的药理作用及机制的研究现状

小檗碱亦称黄连素,是从中药黄连中分离的一种季铵生物碱,是中药黄连的主要成分。现代药理研究表明,小檗碱具有抗菌、抗氧化、消炎、降血糖、降脂、抗凋亡等多种生物活性。近年来随着研究的不断进展,作为一种多靶点治疗的药物,小檗碱对动脉粥样硬化、心血管疾病、糖尿病等均具有良好效果。鉴于其诸多的优点,其具有良好的应用前景。本研究就小檗碱药理作用及机制等研究进展作一简要综述,为其应用于临床治疗疾病提供进一步科学依据。     

Berberine inhibits RANKL-induced osteoclast formation and survival through suppressing the NF-kappaB and Akt pathways

Berberine, an isoquinoline alkaloid isolated from several medicinal plants, has been reported to possess anti-bacterial, anti-inflammatory and antitumor properties. Although berberine also inhibits osteoclastogenesis and bone resorption, the molecular machinery for its inhibitory effects remains unknown. This study focused on the suppressive effects of berberine on receptor activator of nuclear factor kappaB (NF-kappaB) ligand (RANKL)-induced osteoclastogenesis and survival. Berberine inhibited RANKL-mediated osteoclast formation and survival while having no cytotoxic effects on bone marrow macrophages or osteoblastic cells. Berberine attenuated RANKL-induced activation of NF-kappaB through inhibiting phosphorylation at the activation loop of IkappaBalpha kinase beta, phosphorylation and degradation of IkappaBalpha, and NF-kappaB p65 nuclear translocation. RANKL-induced Akt phosphorylation was strongly inhibited by berberine; however, neither monocyte/macrophage-colony stimulating factor (M-CSF)-induced nor insulin-induced Akt activation was inhibited by the drug. Under M-CSF- and RANKL-deprived condition, berberine increased the active form of caspase-3 in osteoclasts. By contrast, berberine did not potentiate the activation of caspase-3 in M-CSF-deprived bone marrow macrophages. These findings indicate that berberine inhibits osteoclast formation and survival through suppression of NF-kappaB and Akt activation and that both pathways in the osteoclast lineage are highly sensitive to berberine treatment.