胸腔镜对恶性胸腔积液的诊治探讨

目的探讨胸腔镜对恶性胸腔积液的诊治优势.方法对27例恶性胸腔积液患者在胸腔镜辅助下行胸膜活检、固定术.结果所有患者的诊断都得到明确,无一例胸水控制失败,复发5例,术后复张性肺水肿1例.结论胸腔镜对恶性胸腔积液具有良好的诊断价值,且在其辅助下行胸膜固定术有创伤小、效果好等优点.     

局麻下电视胸腔镜手术诊治恶性胸腔积液的探讨

目的：探讨局麻下电视胸腔镜手术（video-thoracoscopic surgery,VTS)诊治恶性胸腔积液的安全性和效果。方法：自2000年1月到2001年1月,探索性地在局麻下对8例恶性胸腔积液患者和7例疑患恶性胸腔积液者实施了VTS。其中3例为无法耐受全麻的高危患者。结果：对8例恶性胸腔积液患者分别进行了VTS－肺纤维膜剥脱、滑石粉洒胸膜固定术（2例）和VTS－滑石粉喷洒胸膜固定术（6例）。对7例疑患恶性胸腔积液者首先进行了VTS－胸膜腔探查,发现积液由胸膜病变引起者5例,胸膜活检均诊为转移腺癌,随后进行了VTS－滑石粉喷洒胸膜固定术;另2例脏壁层胸膜均正常,证实积液为纵隔淋巴结广泛肿大造成胸膜淋巴液引流障碍所致。以上操作在局麻下顺利完成。手术时间30－120min。期间病人的心率、血压及血氧饱和度均无明显变化。术后无严重并发症和死亡。术后住院时间7－10天。随访1－8个月,平均5个月,胸腔积液均得到控制,未见复发。与控制积液有关的花费平均为3000元。结论：局麻下进行VTS诊治恶性胸腔积液是安全、有效的。该方法经济、创伤少,值得推广应用。     

电视胸腔镜诊治恶性胸腔积液18例报告

[目的]评价电视胸腔镜手术（VATS）在恶性胸腔积液诊治中的应用价值,［方法］18例恶性胸腔积液患者行胸腔镜胸膜活检和滑石粉胸膜固定术,术后加低负压胸腔引流。［结果］18例均获病理确诊,其中恶性胸膜间皮瘤2例,乳腺癌胸膜转移6例,肺癌胸膜转移8例,卵巢癌和胃癌胸膜转移各1例。胸膜固定成功16例;失败2例,其原因为肺癌伴有肺不张。［结论］VATS可以大大提高恶性胸腔积液的确诊率和胸膜固定术的效果,术后低负压胸腔引流有利于胸腔粘连形成,缩短引流时间。     

胸腔镜下胸膜腔闭锁术治疗恶性胸腔积液的临床评价

为了评价胸腔镜下胸膜腔闭锁术治疗恶性胸腔积液的优势及效果,对48例恶性胸腔积液患者行胸腔镜下胸膜腔闭锁术,所有患者均在全身麻醉双腔气管插管胸腔镜（video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery,VATS）下进行,术中吸净胸腔积液,分离纤维粘连,5例行部分胸膜剥脱,同时行多处胸膜活检。然后用连接多侧孔尿管的喷球,将5～10g无菌医用滑石粉均匀喷洒到脏、壁层胸膜表面,达到胸膜腔闭锁,术中放置带多侧孔的引流管,术后引流3～6d。48例患者无围手术期死亡。术后2例（4.17%）发生持续漏气,均经持续负压吸引后治愈。随访47例患者（97.92%）,随访时间为3个月。胸膜腔闭锁成功46例（95.83%）;2例失败,其中1例再次行该手术成功。初步研究结果提示,VATS下喷洒滑石粉用于胸膜腔闭锁,安全、可靠,可有效治疗恶性胸腔积液。     

电视胸腔镜手术诊治恶性胸腔积液的疗效评价

目的：评价电视胸腔镜手术诊治恶性胸腔积液的临床疗效。方法：对120例胸腔积液患者行电视胸腔镜胸膜活检，确诊为恶性病变，喷洒滑石粉和顺铂。结果：120／120例手术成功，随访115例1～24个月无胸腔积液复发。结论：电视胸腔镜手术对胸腔积液的病因诊断有临床实用价值，滑石粉胸膜固定加顺铂喷洒治疗是控制恶性胸腔积液的有效方法。     

电视胸腔镜胸膜固定术治疗恶性胸腔积液的临床疗效及影响因素

目的:探讨电视胸腔镜胸膜固定术治疗恶性胸腔积液的临床效果,总结影响恶性胸腔积液的相关因素。方法:回顾性分析2011年1月至2013年1月87例恶性胸腔积液患者的临床资料。全部采用电视胸腔镜胸膜固定术治疗,观察其术后的临床效果,并分析影响中位生存时间的因素。结果:电视胸腔镜胸膜固定术治疗恶性胸腔积液的总有效率为63.2%。不良反应总发生率为9.1%。Karnfsky生活质量稳定以上的占97.7%。胸膜肥厚和包裹积液的总发生率为19.5%。肿瘤类型、CEA、LDH、蛋白质含量、沙培林灌注、胸水Glu水平均是电视胸腔镜胸膜固定术治疗恶性胸腔积液的主要影响因素（P<0.05）。结论:电视胸腔镜胸膜固定术治疗恶性胸腔积液临床效果确切,而肿瘤类型、CEA、LDH、蛋白质含量、沙培林灌注、胸水Glu水平是影响预后的相关因素。     

电视胸腔镜手术诊治恶性胸腔积液的疗效评价

目的 :评价电视胸腔镜手术诊治恶性胸腔积液的临床疗效。方法 :对 12 0例胸腔积液患者行电视胸腔镜胸膜活检 ,确诊为恶性病变 ,喷洒滑石粉和顺铂。结果 :12 0 /12 0例手术成功 ,随访 115例 1～ 2 4个月无胸腔积液复发。结论 :电视胸腔镜手术对胸腔积液的病因诊断有临床实用价值 ,滑石粉胸膜固定加顺铂喷洒治疗是控制恶性胸腔积液的有效方法。     

电视胸腔镜下胸膜固定术治疗非小细胞肺癌伴恶性胸腔积液

目的探讨电视胸腔镜下胸膜固定术治疗非小细胞肺癌伴恶性胸腔积液的临床应用价值。方法选取2009年1月至2012年6月江苏省肿瘤医院胸外科与肿瘤内科收治的57例非小细胞肺癌伴恶性胸腔积液患者入组。将胸外科的29例患者设为胸腔镜组,行电视胸腔镜下胸膜固定术;肿瘤内科的28例患者设为对照组,采用放置胸腔闭式引流、胸腔内注射粘连剂等方法治疗。对两组的疗效进行对比分析。结果胸腔镜组胸液控制有效率为93.10%(27/29),完全缓解率为79.31%(23/29)。对照组有效率为57.14%(16/28),完全缓解率为42.86%(12/28),两组疗效差异有统计学意义(P<0.001&P=0.005);与对照组相比,胸腔镜组患者术后KPS评分显著升高(P=0.002)。结论在非小细胞肺癌伴恶性胸腔积液的综合治疗中,胸腔镜下胸膜固定术在有效控制恶性胸腔积液、提高患者生存质量方面明显优于胸腔闭式引流术。     

电视胸腔镜诊治恶性胸腔积液18例报告

目的 评价电视胸腔镜手术（ＶＡＴＳ）在恶性胸腔积液诊治中的应用价值。方法 １８例恶性胸腔积液患者行胸腔镜知检和滑石粉胸膜固定术，术后加低负压胸腔引流。结果 １８例均获病理确诊，其中恶性胸膜间皮瘤２例，乳腺癌胸膜转移６例，肺癌胸，卵巢癌和胃癌胸膜转移各１例。胸膜固定成功１６例；失败２例，其原因为肺癌伴有肺不张。结论 ＶＡＴＳ可以大大提高恶性胸腔积液的确诊率和胸膜固定术的效果，术后低坟胸腔引渡以有利于     

局麻与全麻下电视胸腔镜治疗恶性胸腔积液的对比分析

目的:探讨局麻与全麻下电视胸腔镜(video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery,VATS)治疗恶性胸腔积液的利弊.方法:自1999年7月至2008年12月,对39例恶性胸腔积液患者实施了VATS,其中8例采用全麻,31例在局麻下进行.对局麻及全麻患者术中生命体征变化、手术时间、疗效、住院费用等进行比较.结果:全组经术前胸穿及术中快速病理诊断均为转移癌性胸水,行VATS-滑石粉喷洒胸膜固定术.局麻平均手术时间20min.手术期间病人的心率较术前平均升高10-20次/min,血压平均升高5-10mmHg,血氧饱和度无明显变化.术后住院时间7-10天.随访1-8个月,平均5个月,胸腔积液均得到控制,未见复发.与控制积液有关的费用较全麻降低了50%.无死亡病例.结论:局麻下VATS治疗恶性胸腔积安全、有效,较全麻下更经济、简便、创伤小、恢复快,对术后呼吸循环功能影响小.     

乳腺癌恶性胸腔积液的临床特征及预后因素分析

目的研究有症状乳腺癌恶性胸腔积液患者的临床特征及影响疗效的相关因素。方法回顾性总结分析了2008年11月至2010年12月我科收治的36例有症状胸腔积液乳腺癌患者的一般临床资料[年龄、东部肿瘤协作组(ECOG)、手术病理分期、手术后无病生存期(DFS)、胸腔积液是否为初次复发部位、是否复发后一线化疗、是否伴有其他积液、是否双侧胸腔积液],胸腔积液的情况[是否血性胸腔积液、胸水细胞数、胸水单核细胞数、乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)、癌胚抗原(CEA)、CA153、CA125、蛋白、胸水量]及胸腔积液的治疗情况(胸腔局部治疗方式、胸腔局部化疗药物、是否使用IL-2)中各种因素对于胸腔积液疗效及控制时间的影响。结果患者手术至出现胸腔积液的中位时间44月(0～180月)。手术至出现胸腔积液的时间>44月有效率显著高于手术后DFS≤44月者(P=0.046),分别为66.7%,33.3%;复发后一线化疗者有效率显著高于复发后二线及以上化疗者(P=0.044),分别为65.0%和31.3%;胸水单核细胞数>1×106/L的患者有效率显著高于胸水单核细胞数≤1×106/L(P=0.046)的患者,分别为66.7%,33.3%。胸腔积液中位控制时间为4月,胸腔积液LDH≤400 u/ml较LDH>400 u/ml的患者的胸腔积液控制时间显著延长(P=0.032),胸腔积液中位控制时间分别为6月和2月。结论胸腔积液是乳腺癌患者常见的临床表现,术后DFS时间长、复发后一线化疗及胸水单核细胞高者有效率高,胸腔积液LDH浓度高是胸水控制时间短的不良预后因素。     

Vandetanib and Indwelling Pleural Catheter for Non–Small-Cell Lung Cancer With Recurrent Malignant Pleural Effusion

Introduction/BackgroundNon–small-cell lung cancer patients with malignant pleural effusion have a poor overall median survival (4.3 months). VEGF is a key regulator of pleural effusion production. It is unknown if pharmacological inhibition of VEGF signaling modifies the disease course of non–small-cell lung cancer patients with recurrent malignant pleural effusion. We report the final results of a single-arm phase II clinical trial of the VEGF receptor inhibitor, vandetanib, combined with intrapleural catheter placement in patients with non–small-cell lung cancer and recurrent malignant pleural effusion, to determine whether vandetanib reduces time to pleurodesis.Patients and MethodsNon–small-cell lung cancer patients with proven metastatic disease to the pleural space using pleural fluid cytology or pleural biopsy who required intrapleural catheter placement were eligible for enrollment. On the same day of the intrapleural catheter insertion, the patients were started on a daily oral dose of 300 mg vandetanib, for a maximum of 10 weeks. The primary end point was time to pleurodesis, with response rate as the secondary end point. Exploratory analyses included measurement of pleural fluid cytokines and angiogenic factors before and during therapy.ResultsTwenty eligible patients were included in the trial. Eleven patients completed 10 weeks of treatment. Median time to pleurodesis was 35 days (95% confidence interval, 15-not applicable). Median time to pleurodesis in the historical cohort was 63 days (95% confidence interval, 45-86) when adjusted for Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status ≤ 2.ConclusionVandetanib therapy was well tolerated; however, it did not significantly reduce time to pleurodesis.     

EGFR mutations predict a favorable outcome for malignant pleural effusion of lung adenocarcinoma with Tarceva therapy

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the therapeutic effects and adverse reactions of Tarceva treatment for malignant pleural effusion (MPE) caused by metastatic lung adenocarcinomas. One hundred and twenty-eight patients who failed first-line chemotherapy drug treatment were divided into a mutation and a non-mutation group according to the presence or absence of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutations. Each patient received closed drainage combined with simple negative pressure suction after thoracoscopic talc poudrage pleurodesis and oral Tarceva treatment. Short-term and long-term clinical therapeutic effects of Tarceva were evaluated. The EGFR mutation rate in pleural metastatic tissues of lung adenocarcinoma acquired through video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery was higher compared to that in surgical resection specimens, plasma specimens and pleural effusion specimens compared to previously reported results. There were significant statistical differences in the average extubation time (p<0.01), drainage volume of pleural effusion (p<0.05), Karnofsky score and formation of encapsulated pleural effusion 4 weeks after surgery (p<0.05) between these two groups. The number of patients with mild pleural hypertrophy in the mutation group was significantly higher compared to the non-mutation group (p<0.01), while the number of patients with severe pleural hypertrophy was significantly reduced (p<0.05). There was significant statistical discrepancy between these two groups in terms of improvement of peripheral blood carcinoembryonic antigen and tissue polypeptide antigen after 4 weeks of therapy. The complete remission rate and the efficacy rate were higher in the mutation group compared to that in the non-mutation group (p<0.05). There was a longer overall survival time after Tarceva treatment in patients with EGFR mutations than those without EGFR mutation. EGFR mutations predict a favorable outcome for malignant pleural effusion of lung adenocarcinoma with Tarceva therapy. Detection of EGFR mutations may determine the responsiveness of malignant pleural effusion to Tarceva treatment.     

Comparison of OK-432 and mitomycin C pleurodesis for malignant pleural effusion caused by lung cancer. A randomized trial.

A prospective randomized study to compare the effectiveness of pleurodesis by two new sclerosing agents: OK-432 and mitomycin C were conducted in 53 patients with malignant pleural effusion caused by lung cancer. None of the patients received concomitant systemic chemotherapy or radiation therapy during the study. After complete drainage of pleural fluid, the patients were allocated randomly to receive 10 Klinische Einheit units of OK-432 or 8 mg of mitomycin C by intrapleural injection at weekly intervals. The treatment was terminated if the pleural effusion disappeared or the patients had received four consecutive procedures. There were 26 patients who received pleurodesis with OK-432 and 27, with mitomycin C. Patient characteristics in the two treatment groups (age, sex, histologic type, performance status, and prior treatment before pleurodesis) were compatible. These results showed that pleurodesis with OK-432 achieved a higher complete response rate (73%) than that of mitomycin C (41%). The rates of objective treatment response (complete response plus partial response) were comparable in both groups (88% for OK-432 and 67% for mitomycin C). The average number of intrapleural injections needed to achieve complete response was fewer in the OK-432 group (1.9 +/- 0.9) than in mitomycin C group (2.8 +/- 0.9). There was no significant difference in the median survival of the patients who received pleurodesis with OK-432 (5.8 months) or mitomycin C (5.1 months). However, the effusion-free period in the OK-432 group was significantly longer than that in the mitomycin C group (7.0 months versus 1.5 months). Patients who underwent OK-432 pleurodesis had a higher complication rate (80%) than did those in the mitomycin C group (30%). Transient febrile reaction was the most common reaction encountered. The immunologic study in OK-432 group showed an increase in peripheral leukocyte count and decrease in the OKT4/OKT8 ratio. The mitomycin C group had a mild reduction in peripheral blood leukocyte count and no significant change in the OKT4/OKT8 ratio. It was concluded that pleurodesis with OK-432 is an effective alternative treatment for malignant effusion in patients with lung cancer.     

胸膜固定术联合培美曲赛治疗老年非小细胞肺癌并发恶性胸腔积液的临床观察

目的 观察局部胸膜固定术联合培美曲塞全身化疗治疗老年非小细胞肺癌（NSCLC）并发恶性胸腔积液的有效性和安全性。方法 64例老年NSCLC并发恶性胸腔积液患者随机分为A、B两组,治疗前均采用中心静脉导管行胸腔置管闭式引流术。A组31例, 仅行局部胸膜固定术,具体为：香菇多糖4mg+顺铂40mg／m²,局部胸腔注入,每周1次,连续2～3周。B组33例,在A组治疗的基础上再给予单药培美曲塞全身化疗,具体方案为：培美曲塞500mg／m² d₁,3周为1周期,共2周期。结果 A组胸腔积液缓解有效率为64.6％,B组为87.9％,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）;A组KPS评分改善率为71.0％,B组为909％,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。两组患者毒副反应均较轻,其中B组白细胞减少的发生率为36.4%,高于A组的12.9%（P＜0.05）。结论 局部胸膜固定术联合培美曲塞全身化疗治疗老年NSCLC并发恶性胸腔积液疗效优于单纯胸膜固定术,且毒副反应轻微,易耐受。     

Long-term indwelling pleural catheter (PleurX) for malignant pleural effusion unsuitable for talc pleurodesis

Aims

Talc pleurodesis using talc slurry via chest tube is a primary option in malignant pleural effusion, since life expectancy is short and surgical decortication is hazardous. Incomplete lung expansion after fluid evacuation, and/or excessive fluid secretion predicts failure of pleurodesis. A mini-invasive alternative was investigated.

Methods

Between March 2004 and September 2005, 51 consecutive patients with malignant pleural effusion, and clinically considered unsuitable for talc pleurodesis, received an indwelling pleural catheter (Denver PleurX). In 47, implantation was done bedside using local anaesthesia. There were 24 men and 27 women, median age 63 (range 36–85) years, receiving 39 right side, 10 left side, and 2 bilateral catheters. There were 19 non-small cell lung cancer cases, 7 mesothelioma, and 25 with other malignancy. Chemotherapy was being given to 18 patients and was not interrupted.

Results

Discharge to home was possible in 71% (36 of 71 patients) on the following day. At 2 years follow-up in September 2007, one patient was alive. Mean survival was 3 months (range 5 days to 37+ months) for all patients, with best median survivals of 5.5–6 months in breast and ovarian cancer. Catheter was removed or replaced in 15% (8 of 51 patients) due to infection, air leak, or blockage. One patient requested decortication for excessive fluid secretion. None required surgery or died due to catheter-related complications. Pleural fusion with subsequent catheter removal was achieved in 21% (11 of 51 patients).

Conclusions

An indwelling pleural catheter is a safe alternative for patients with malignant pleural effusion unsuitable for talc pleurodesis. In some, pleural fusion may be achieved.