阵发性心房颤动局灶消融后复发病例的大静脉肌袖电隔离治疗

对肺静脉内点消融治疗术后随访 2 2± 1 1 .1个月内的心房颤动 (简称房颤 )复发病例 ,在Lasso标测导管指引下 ,进行再次心内电生理检查及大静脉肌袖电隔离治疗。探讨点消融治疗阵发性房颤后复发的机制 ,并对再次经验性大静脉肌袖电隔离治疗的结果进行分析与评价。 5例患者共接受心内电生理标测和电隔离治疗 6次 (一例行第二次电隔离 ) ,除一例行右下肺静脉靶肌袖的电隔离外 ,其余病例均进行了经验性全部大静脉的电隔离 ,共电隔离心脏大静脉 1 5根 ,其中肺静脉 1 3根、上腔静脉 2根 ,即刻电隔离成功率 1 0 0 %。术后随访 1 1 .8± 8.9个月 ,均无房颤复发。因此 ,对于阵发性房颤导管射频点消融后复发病例进行经验性全部大静脉肌袖电隔离治疗可以满意控制房颤的发作。     

与肌袖电活动相关的短阵心房扑动的心电图和心内电生理研究

选择体表心电图表现为短阵心房扑动 (简称房扑 )的阵发性心房颤动 (简称房颤 )病例 ,结合心内电生理标测和导管射频消融大静脉肌袖电隔离的结果 ,探讨短阵房扑与心脏大静脉肌袖和房颤的关系。 2 3例阵发性房颤 ,心电图和动态心电图表现为短阵发作的房扑的患者入选本研究 ,2 3例中有 17例进行了心内电生理标测 ,有 14例标测到短阵房扑和房颤 ,其中单纯短阵房扑发作 8例 ,短阵房扑触发房颤 6例 ,均提示短阵房扑为起源于大静脉肌袖的快速电活动所驱动 ,其中肺静脉 10根 ,上腔静脉 4根 ,均进行了相关肌袖的导管射频消融电隔离治疗 ,成功 13例。结论 :短阵房扑的发生机理是大静脉肌袖的快速电活动所驱动 ,这种机制与阵发性房颤的发生有密切关系 ,短阵房扑可能是房颤由肌袖电活动触发的特征性心电图表现 ,导管射频消融电隔离是治疗这一心律失常的有效方法。     

阵发性心房颤动局灶消融后复发病例的大静脉肌袖电隔离治疗

目的对5例肺静脉内点消融治疗术后随访(22±11.1)个月内的心房颤动(房颤)复发病例,在Lasso标测导管指导下,进行再次心内电生理检查及大静脉肌袖电隔离治疗.探讨点消融治疗阵发性房颤后复发的机制,并对再次经验性大静脉肌袖电隔离治疗的结果进行分析与评价.     

阵发性心房颤动合并病态窦房结综合征的导管射频消融心房-大静脉电隔离

目的 　总结顽固性阵发性心房颤动 (房颤 )伴病态窦房结综合征 (病窦综合征 )患者的心电图和动态心电图特点 ,评估心脏起搏和导管射频消融进行心房 肺静脉电隔离治疗的结果。　方法　 8例阵发性房颤患者 ,年龄 (6 0 7± 6 8)岁 ,5例有黑、 1例有晕厥发作史 ,病史 1～ 2 0 (7 6±6 0 )年。全部病例完成各项临床常规检查后行心内电生理检查和导管射频消融作心房 肺 (或上腔 )静脉电隔离治疗。　结果　 8例患者中 ,房颤每天均有发作的 5例 ,每周发作数次的 3例 ,有 4例植入心脏起搏器后不能控制发作。动态心电图示房颤终止后的平均窦性停搏时间为 (5 0± 1 9)s。心内电生理检查证实与房颤相关的靶静脉为上腔静脉 2例 ,左上肺静脉 3例 ,有 3例未能确定起源点。作射频消融电隔离大静脉共 2 2根 ,平均随访 (2 78±15 9)d ,无房颤发作 6例 (75 % ) ,2例复发病例行第 2次电隔离后分别随访 2个月和 2 5个月 ,均再无房颤发生。其中未植入起搏器的 4例多次动态心电图复查无窦性停搏发生 ,2 4h总心率均在正常范围。　结论　部分阵发性房颤伴病窦综合征的患者 ,导管射频消融电隔离大静脉能够完全消除房颤的发作 ,窦房结功能可以恢复 ,这一现象说明部分慢 快综合征患者的病窦综合征表现可能是继发性和可逆性的     

阵发性心房颤动大静脉电隔离后肌袖内自发电活动的特点

目的　总结阵发性心房颤动 (房颤 )患者大静脉 (肺静脉和 /或上腔静脉 )电隔离治疗后肌袖内自发电活动的特点 ,探讨其临床意义。方法　顽固性特发性房颤患者 ,在环状标测电极导管指导下行心内电生理标测以及肺静脉和 /或上腔静脉肌袖的射频导管消融电隔离治疗 ,电隔离后继续留置环状标测导管 10～ 2 0min ,观察自发电位发生情况。结果　电隔离前心内标测显示 32例患者的 36根大静脉肌袖有自发电活动。以心房 大静脉传入阻滞为终点行大静脉口部消融后 ,16根 (4 4 % )记录到大静脉内自发电活动 ,其中 2根呈偶发的单一电活动 ,11根呈平均频率 (38± 12 )次 /min的缓慢节律 ,3根呈偶发的由 3～ 6个电位组成的短阵快速节律。 15根示大静脉内电活动与心房完全分离 (93 8% ) ,1根左上肺静脉存在大静脉 心房单向传导。结论　射频导管消融电隔离大静脉后 ,出现心房 大静脉传入阻滞时多同时伴有大静脉 心房传出阻断 ,心房 大静脉传入阻滞后大静脉内的电活动频率明显变慢、减少或消失 ,说明窦性心律时的心房 大静脉传导是引起大静脉内电活动不稳定的重要原因 ,射频导管消融技术即使只阻断心房 大静脉单向传导也可通过稳定大静脉内电活动而减少或控制房颤的发作。     

心房颤动的肺静脉和腔静脉电隔离治疗--目前的认识和建议

心房颤动 (房颤 )是临床上常见的心律失常 ,随着年龄的增加发生率明显上升[1 4 ] ,目前房颤的介入性治疗受到越来越多的重视。新近研究表明 ,多数患者的房颤是由短阵的异位冲动所诱发[5,6 ] ,而起源于肺静脉和腔静脉 (合称大静脉 )肌袖快速电冲动的触发或驱动作用是房颤的主要发生机制之一[7,8] ,对于阵发性房颤尤其如此。通过外科或射频导管消融的方法隔离大静脉与心房间的解剖或电连接 ,能达到预防房颤复发的目的[7,8] 。目前在国内外许多心脏电生理中心 ,射频导管消融大静脉电隔离已经成为治疗阵发性房颤的常规方法[7 10 ] ,控制房颤的有…     

大静脉电隔离后阵发性心房颤动复发的原因和再消融治疗

探讨阵发性心房颤动 (简称房颤 )复发的原因以及再次电隔离治疗的安全性和疗效。选择行电隔离后经动态心电图证实阵发性房颤复发且症状明显和药物治疗无效的患者 ,择期行再次心内标测和电隔离治疗 ,术中对已作电隔离和未电隔离的大静脉和上腔静脉逐一进行标测 ,对存在静脉 心房传导的大静脉再次行射频消融电隔离。结果 :30例房颤复发的患者共进行 6 3次心内标测和电隔离。其中 2次电隔离 2 7例 ,3次电隔离 3例 ;第一次电隔离大静脉 80根 ,再次标测显示其中有 75支 (93.8% )的大静脉电位完全或部分恢复。第二次和第三次共电隔离大静脉 1 0 2支 ,其中肺静脉 94根、上腔静脉 8根 ,有 5根房颤复发靶大静脉为第一次未进行消融的大静脉。术后随访2 38± 1 82天 ,无房颤复发 2 1例 (70 % )。出现并发症 5例 (1 6 .7% ) ,其中肺静脉狭窄 3例 (1 0 % )、一过性脑卒中 1例、心包压塞 1例。结论 :静脉 心房传导恢复可能是房颤复发的主要原因 ,对复发病例 ,再次电隔离仍然有效 ,但有较高的并发症发生率     

导管射频消融经验性肺静脉电隔离治疗心房颤动的疗效评价

研究导管射频消融经验性肺静脉电隔离治疗心房颤动(简称房颤)的疗效,2001年8月到2003年12月连续收治的131例行射频消融治疗的房颤患者中,107例行经验性肺和/或上腔静脉电隔离。术中只要所标测静脉的肌袖电位明确且与心房之间存在传导关系,以及标测和消融电极导管到位不困难,则行环状电极指导下的节段性消融静脉电隔离。术后不用除β受体阻滞剂以外的抗心律失常药物,临床症状缓解且无房颤的心电图证据判定为手术成功。结果:107例房颤患者中105例即刻静脉电隔离成功(98%),平均每人行3.3±0.8根肺或上腔静脉电隔离,共隔离静脉352根。21例因房颤复发再次行射频消融心脏大静脉电隔离(20%),3例进行了第3次手术,平均每人共完成1.2±0.5次静脉电隔离术。82例(78%,82/105)手术成功的患者随访13±8个月,66例患者无临床症状及房颤复发的证据(80%)。结论:射频消融电隔离3根以上心脏大静脉可以预防约4/5患者房颤的复发,但是部分患者可能需要进行多次手术。     

射频导管消融进行心房-肺和/或上腔静脉电隔离治疗阵发性心房颤动

目的　总结射频导管消融行心房 肺和 /或上腔静脉 (大静脉 )电隔离治疗阵发性心房颤动 (房颤 )的疗效。方法　选择发作频繁、症状明显 ,药物治疗无效的 10 0例阵发性房颤患者 ,男性 72例、女性 2 8例 ,年龄 2 7～ 75(54± 10 )岁 ,均无瓣膜病等器质性心脏病依据。在环状标测电极导管 (Lasso导管 )指导下行心内电生理标测和心房 靶大静脉 (指术中标测证实为房颤相关的肺静脉或上腔静脉 )电隔离和 /或经验性大静脉电隔离 (指术中无心律失常发作而不能明确房颤相关大静脉 ,主要对双上肺静脉和左下肺静脉进行电隔离 )。结果　 10 0例患者共接受电隔离治疗 12 0次。行单纯心房 靶大静脉电隔离 2 2例 ,经验性大静脉电隔离 78例 ,共电隔离大静脉 2 68根 ,其中肺静脉 2 44根 ,上腔静脉 2 4根。即刻电隔离成功 2 57根 (96% )。平均随访 (2 2 9± 177)d ,随访期内停用所有抗心律失常药物 (部分患者服小剂量β受体阻滞剂 ) ,无房颤发作 65例 (65% ) ,房颤发作明显减少 12例 (2例服用胺碘酮后 ,12 % ) ,总有效率 77%。并发症包括脑卒中 2例 ;肺静脉狭窄 9例 ,其中单支轻度狭窄 7例 ,2支重度狭窄 1例(均为 2次消融 ) ,左上肺静脉完全闭塞 1例 ;术后心包积液 2例。并发症的总发生率为 13 %。结论　(1)使用Lasso导管     

阵发性心房颤动的射频导管消融大静脉电隔离治疗

目的报道阵发性心房颤动(房颤)的射频导管消融电隔离肺静脉和腔静脉的疗效。方法阵发性房颤患者36例,年龄(42.5±13.2)岁。经1次房间隔穿刺放置环状标测电极导管(Lasso导管)和冷盐水灌注消融导管,在Lasso导管的指导下,采用全肺静脉或上腔静脉与靶静脉节段性电隔离相结合的方法对肺静脉和腔静脉行标测和电隔离治疗。窦性心律时最早激动的肺静脉和腔静脉电位处和/或心房起搏时最短的心房和静脉电位间期处为靶点行消融。结果36例阵发性房颤患者均接受一次电隔离治疗,共电隔离大静脉115根,其中左上肺静脉34根,左下肺静脉22根,右上肺静脉30根,右下肺静脉17根,上腔静脉12根,即刻电隔离成功率为95.6%,术中并发症发生率2.78%。随访3~22个月,成功率(无房颤发作或房颤发作明显减少)为75.0%。结论射频导管消融电隔离肺静脉或腔静脉与心房间的电活动连接,可有效预防房颤的复发。治疗的关键是消融靶点的标测和确定。     

Pathogenesis of carcinoma of the papilla of Vater

Most adenomas and carcinomas of the small intestine and extrahepatic bile ducts arise in the region of the papilla of Vater. In familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) it is the main location for carcinomas after proctocolectomy. In many cases symptoms due to stenosis lead to diagnosis at an early tumor stage. In about 80%, curative intended resection is possible. Operability is the most relevant prognostic factor. Most ampullary carcinomas resp. carcinomas of the papilla of Vater develop from adenomatous or flat dysplastic precursor lesions. They can be sited in the ampulloduodenal part of the papilla of Vater, which is lined by intestinal mucosa. They also can develop in deeper parts of the ampulla, which are lined by pancreaticobiliary duct mucosa. Intestinal-type adenocarcinoma and pancreaticobiliary-type adenocarcinoma represent the main histological types of ampullary carcinoma. Furthermore, there exist unusual types and undifferentiated carcinomas. Many carcinomas of intestinal type express the immunohistochemical marker profile of intestinal mucosa (keratin 7?, keratin 20+, MUC2+). Carcinomas of pancreaticobiliary type usually show the immunohistochemical profile of pancreaticobiliary duct mucosa (keratin 7+, keratin 20?, MUC2?). Even poorly differentiated carcinomas, as well as unusual histological types, may conserve the marker profile of the mucosa they developed from. These findings underline the concept of histogenetically different carcinomas of the papilla of Vater which develop either from intestinal- or from pancreaticobiliary-type mucosa of the papilla of Vater. Molecular alterations in ampullary carcinomas are similar to those of colorectal as well as pancreatic carcinomas, although they appear at different frequencies. In future studies, molecular alterations in ampullary carcinomas should be correlated closely with the different histologic tumor types. Consequently, the histologic classification should reflect the histogenesis of ampullary tumors from the two different types of papillary mucosa.     

Demonstration of the mechanism of action of biguanides

Summary Palmitic acid oxidation in rat diaphragm homogenate is depressed by biguanide concentrations that are still incapable of inhibiting oxidative phosphorylation. Glucose oxidation is not directly effected by the same biguanide concentrations: however, the inhibitory effect of palmitic acid on glucose oxidation is partly removed by biguanides. Inhibition of fatty acid oxidation, which accounts for most of the metabolic effects caused by these drugs, can be regarded as the fundamental mechanism of action of biguanides. There is some evidence suggesting that these drugs might interact with carnitine, thus preventing long-chain fatty acids from being transported across the mitochondrial membrane to the site of oxidation. Traduzione a cura degli AA.     

胰岛素瘤的解剖分布特点分析

目的胰岛素瘤是最常见的胰腺神经内分泌肿瘤，因其临床表现多样，导致诊断困难。影像学诊断尤其是超声内镜(EUS)在胰岛素瘤的诊断中起着重要作用，拥有较高的敏感性和特异性。本研究拟通过明确胰岛素瘤的解剖分布特点，以期有助于提高影像学的诊断准确率和降低漏诊率，尤其是在教育和培训实践中对于EUS的学习者更具有指导价值。 方法回顾性分析解放军总医院第一医学中心病案资料数据库1993年1月至2019年11月经外科手术、病理确诊为胰岛素瘤的患者的临床资料，检索方法采取搜索术后病理诊断为"胰岛素瘤"的病例，通过查阅病例的方法，提取出胰岛素瘤的大小和解剖分布等数据，进一步分析其特点。 结果共检索到确诊为胰岛素瘤的患者116例，其中，男45例、女71例，年龄13～76岁，平均年龄(44.4±14.85)岁。胰岛素瘤单发110例(94.8%)、多发6例(5.2%)。位置分布：头颈部46例(39.7%)，单发45例、多发1例；体尾部68例(58.6%)，单发65例、多发3例；全胰腺多发2例(1.7%)。病变大小特点：最大径0.4～3.4 cm，平均大小(1.53±0.58)cm。≤1 cm 29例、>1 cm而≤1.5 cm41例、>1.5 cm而≤2.0 cm28例，≤3 cm 15例，>3 cm 3例。年龄与肿瘤的大小相关，≤44岁患者肿瘤平均大小为(1.36±0.51)cm、>44岁患者肿瘤平均大小为(1.70±0.60)cm，P<0.05。头颈部的肿瘤大于体尾部的肿瘤，头颈部肿瘤平均大小(1.66±0.63)cm，体尾部(1.42±0.52)cm，P<0.05。 结论胰岛素瘤在胰腺体尾部较头颈部更好发；绝大多数单发，但可以全胰腺多发；多数小于1.5 cm，肿瘤的大小与患者年龄和肿瘤的解剖分布相关。     

氯硝柳胺悬浮剂的毒性评价

目的评价氯硝柳胺悬浮剂的毒性，为现场大规模应用灭螺提供依据。方法按照中华人民共和国国家标准GB 15670-1995《农药登记毒理学试验方法》和鱼类毒性试验方法进行。结果经口、经皮肤的LDso雌、雄性大鼠均>5 000 mg/kg，经呼吸道的LCso雌、雄性大鼠均>5 000mg/m3，该药经口、经皮肤、经呼吸道毒性均属微毒类药物；兔眼用药后，观察期内无不良反应，对眼无刺激性；皮肤用药后对皮肤无刺激性。与氯硝柳胺原药、氯硝柳胺乙醇胺盐原药和氯硝柳胺乙醇胺盐可湿性粉剂相比，氯硝柳胺悬浮剂对鱼急性毒性最低。结论氯硝柳胺悬浮剂属微毒类药物，对鱼的毒性低于其乙醇胺盐可湿性粉剂，适合于现场应用。     

Lack of correlation of degree of villous atrophy with severity of clinical presentation of coeliac disease

BACKGROUND AND AIM: Both the clinical presentation and the degree of mucosal damage in coeliac disease vary greatly. In view of conflicting information as to whether the mode of presentation correlates with the degree of villous atrophy, we reviewed a large cohort of patients with coeliac disease. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We correlated mode of presentation (classical, diarrhoea predominant or atypical/silent) with histology of duodenal biopsies and examined their trends over time. RESULTS: The cohort consisted of 499 adults, mean age 44.1 years, 68% females. The majority had silent coeliac disease (56%) and total villous atrophy (65%). There was no correlation of mode of presentation with the degree of villous atrophy (p=0.25). Sixty-eight percent of females and 58% of males had a severe villous atrophy (p=0.052). There was a significant trend over time for a greater proportion of patients presenting as atypical/silent coeliac disease and having partial villous atrophy, though the majority still had total villous atrophy. CONCLUSIONS: Among our patients the degree of villous atrophy in duodenal biopsies did not correlate with the mode of presentation, indicating that factors other than the degree of villous atrophy must account for diarrhoea in coeliac disease.     

CagA-Hp抗体IgG与胃炎的组织学分析

研究幽门螺杆菌(Hp)感染与胃炎的关系。方法对204例慢性胃炎患者胃粘膜进行观察分析,并测定其中137例Hp阳性患者血清CagA-Hp抗体IgG水平,与组织学对照。结果慢性萎缩性胃炎伴肠上皮化生患者血清CagA抗体IgG明显高于对照组(P＜0.01);其他类型胃炎患者血清CagA抗体IgG水平无明显增高(P＞0.05)。结论CagA-Hp可能是导致慢性萎缩性胃炎伴肠上皮化生的因素之一,对这类患者应密切随访观察。     

慢阻肺急性加重期患者预后的影响因素分析

目的探讨慢性阻塞性肺病急性加重期(AECOPD)患者预后的相关危险因素。方法回顾性调查、收集58例AECOPD患者可能影响其预后的相关因素,并对其分别进行单因素分析。并进行Logistic多元逐步回归进行多因素分析,筛选影响AECOPD患者预后的独立危险因素。结果单因素分析后将结果 P0.1的因素纳入多因素Logistic回归,分析发现是否合并呼吸衰竭、气促程度、白细胞计数、APACHEⅡ、应用抗氧化剂、慢阻肺治疗依从性为影响AECOPD患者预后不佳的独立因素(P0.05)。结论根据AECOPD患者预后的独立危险因素,及早判断,选择合适的后续治疗方案,对提高其生存率及生存质量具有重要意义。     

血吸虫童虫生长发育及其机制的研究进展

血吸虫童虫是宿主免疫系统攻击的重要靶标,包括皮肤型、肺型和肝门型童虫。宿主分子对童虫生长发育具有重要作用。童虫生长发育机制包括免疫调节、信号转导、性别发育及凋亡等。肌动蛋白、组织蛋白酶、烯醇化酶和葡萄糖基转移酶等分子为血吸虫童虫生长发育的重要分子。本文对血吸虫童虫生长发育及其机制的研究进展做一综述。     

Results of treatment of fistula-in-ano

To evaluate the application of Parks' classification in the management of patients with fistula-in-ano, a study was undertaken to assess the outcome of surgery, especially with respect to the recurrence rate and alteration of continence. A retrospective analysis of 160 consecutive patients who were classified at the time of operation was conducted. The distribution of fistulas was as follows: intersphincteric, 41.9 percent, transsphincteric, 52.1 percent, suprasphincteric, 1.3 percent, extrasphincteric, 0. A horseshoe extension occurred in 8.8 percent of the fistulas and 3.8 percent did not exactly conform to the classification as they were either complex or combinations of more than one type of fistula. The sole immediate postoperative complication was bleeding, which occurred one week postoperatively and ceased spontaneously (0.7 percent). Alteration in continence occurred in 6 percent of patients with 2.6 percent experiencing temporary incontinence to flatus, 1.3 percent to liquid stool, and 0.7 percent to solid stool. Permanent loss of control for flatus occurred in one patient (0.7 percent) and for liquid stool in one patient (0.7 percent). No patients suffered loss of control for solid stool. Recurrence developed in 6.3 percent of patients, all between five and 25 months postoperatively. Classifcation was found to be a useful guide in the operative management of patients with fistula-in-ano. Read at the joint meeting of the American Society of Colon and Rectal Surgeons with the Section of Colo-Proctology, Royal Society of Medicine, and the Section of Colonic and Rectal Surgery, Royal Australasian College of Surgeons, New Orleans, Louisiana, May 6 to 11, 1984.     

Intake of energy drinks in association with alcoholic beverages in a cohort of students of the School of Medicine of the University of Messina

BACKGROUND: Energy drinks (ED) are a widely used group of beverages known for their stimulant effects on central nervous system (CNS). The main components of ED are caffeine, taurine, carbohydrates, glucuronolactone, inositol, niacin, pantenol, and beta-complex vitamins. The studies evaluating the effects of ED describe improvements in attention and/or reaction times and indices of alertness. It has been also shown that combination of caffeine and glucose, fundamental constituents of ED, can ameliorate deficits in cognitive performance and subjective fatigue during extended periods of cognitive demand. Moreover, the associated ingestion of alcohol and ED has recently been observed to be becoming more and more widespread. METHODS: With the aim to know the habits and uses of students, we administered a questionnaire containing questions regarding ED drinking alone or in association with alcoholic beverages. Five hundred students of the School of Medicine of the University of Messina were interviewed, and 450 filled the questionnaire. RESULTS: A total of 56.9% of students declared using ED. A great part of users (48.4%) associate frequently ED and alcohol. In particular, 35.8% of ED + alcohol users have used ED + alcohol more than 3 times in the last month. Distinguishing the users into 2 groups (users of ED + alcohol and users of both ED and ED + alcohol), we observed in the second group a major use of cocktail containing a mix of ED and alcoholic beverages. This difference between the 2 groups is less represented about the ingestion of ED + alcohol in the night. CONCLUSIONS: Our data indicate that association of ED + alcohol is very popular among students. This behavior can be dangerous. In fact, the combination of ED + alcoholic drinks can reduce adversive symptoms of alcohol intoxication including the depressant effects. As consequence, users of ED + alcoholic beverages might not feel the signs of alcohol intoxication, thus increasing the probability of accidents and/or favoring the possibility of development of alcohol dependence.