超声引导下粗针活检术诊断不可触及乳腺病变的研究

目的：评价超声引导下粗针活检术（US－CNB）对不可触及的乳腺病变（NPBL）的诊断意义。方法：对138例女性患者的162处NPBL进行US－CNB和切除活检,以切除活检病理结果为诊断标准。结果：NPBL大小为3－24mm(平均11．1mm）。在US－CNB标本中,142处为良性,3处为可疑恶性,14处为恶性,3处取材不当,在手术切除标本中,18处为恶性,144处为良性。US－CNB取材不当的3处均为良性。US－CNB诊断阳性率为94．44％（17／18）,特异性为100．00％（141／141）,正确率为99．37％（158／159）。结论：US－CNB诊断NPBL安全、创伤小、准确率高。     

麦默通乳腺微创旋切术与传统手术的对比研究

目的:探讨麦默通(MMT)乳腺微创旋切术较传统手术在治疗乳腺良性病灶中的优势.方法:1 746例患者3 650处乳腺良性病灶MMT乳腺微创旋切术的患者设为研究组(MMT组),同期378例采用传统乳腺肿块切除术的患者为对照组,分别对两组手术情况、术后并发症、美容效果和心理满意度等进行对比研究.结果:MMT组1 746例3 650个病灶均被准确、成功切除,每个病灶平均旋切16次(5～63次),在手术时间、美容效果、心理满意度方面MMT组均明显优于对照组,差异有统计学意义,P＜0.05.在术中出血方面,病灶直径5～10 mm者,术中出血量少于对照组,差异有统计学意义,P＜0.05;多发(单侧＞3个)病灶者,术中出血量多于对照组,差异有统计学意义,P＜0.05.在术后血肿发生率方面,病灶20～30 mm和多发(单侧＞3个)病灶者,MMT组多于对照组,差异有统计学意义,P＜0.05.MMT组术后残留2例均发生病灶20～30 mm者,对照组病灶残留3例发生于病灶5～10 mm者.结论:高频超声引导MMT乳腺微创旋切术治疗乳腺良性病灶较传统手术可以缩短手术时间,获得较好美容效果和心理满意度,并发症少,尤其适用于治疗直径＜3 cm的乳腺良性病灶,值得临床推广应用.     

亚甲蓝染色法在经乳晕皮下隧道乳腺病灶切除术中的应用

经乳晕皮下隧道乳腺病灶切除术具有切口美观的优点[1],但对于不易触及、较小或是移动性大的乳腺病灶,术中寻找颇为困难.笔者采用亚甲蓝染色定位的方法,取得了满意效果,现报道如下. 1资料和方法 1.1一般资料 2012年3 ～ 10月,南方医科大学附属南海医院甲乳外科为82例女性患者施行经乳晕皮下隧道乳腺病灶切除术.患者中位年龄为32岁(16 ～67岁),术前超声或钼靶X线显示病灶均为BI-RADS 3级及以下,病灶最大直径平均为1.1 cm(0.6 ～2.2 cm),病灶距离乳晕边缘平均3.4 cm(1 ～6 cm).单发病灶71例,多发病灶11例(双侧乳腺病灶6例).其中13处病灶为触诊阴性,术前予以超声定位并用有色笔标记.     

麦默通旋切系统在临床触诊阴性乳腺病灶中的应用

临床触诊阴性的乳腺病灶（nonpalpable breast lesion,NPBL）是指在临床工作中通过彩色超声、钼靶X线或MRI等检查发现,而查体无法扪及的乳腺病灶,可表现为单发或多发。当病灶较小,尤其是最大直径〈1cm时,根据其彩色超声结果很难判断其良、恶性,需要行穿刺活检或切除活检方能明确其性质。本文通过对超声发现的NPBL行超声引导下真空微创旋切的148例患者资料进行分析,探讨麦默通旋切系统（Mmnmotome）在NPBL治疗中的应用。     

超声引导下Mammotome旋切系统在诊断临床不可触及乳腺病灶应用研究

目的 探讨超声引导下应用Mammotome旋切系统,在临床不可触及乳腺病灶的诊断应用价值.方法 2004年6月～2004年9月,采用11 G自动活检刀头对123例265处＜15 mm临床不可触及的乳腺病灶进行B超引导下Mammotome微创旋切术,评价其对临床不可触及乳腺病灶的诊断效果.结果265个乳腺病灶大小3 mm～15 mm(平均9.1 mm),均被Mammotome微创旋切切除.结果术后病理诊断阳性31个病灶(包括不典型增生ADH,原位癌DCIS,LCIS,浸润癌).234个病灶为良性病变.术后B超随防3个月～6个月,未发现乳腺残留病灶.结论应用B超引导下Mammotome旋切系统对临床不可触及乳腺病灶可进行完整切除并获得明确病理组织学诊断,若为良性可获得理想美容学效果,若为恶性可使患者获得早期治疗,提高生存期.     

乳晕弧形切口和乳房放射状切口切除乳腺纤维瘤的疗效比较研究

目的探讨经乳晕弧形切口和乳房放射状切口切除乳腺纤维瘤的疗效。方法选取2014年5月至2015年5月在桂林医学院附属医院接受治疗的乳腺纤维腺瘤患者80例,按随机数字表法平均分为乳晕弧形切口组,以及乳房放射状切口组。比较两组患者的术中出血量、手术时间、术后并发症发生率,以及两组患者手术前后的匹兹堡睡眠质量指数(PSQI)和抑郁自评量表评分(SDS)。结果乳晕弧形切口组术中出血量小于乳房放射状切口组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);两种治疗方式的手术时间没有明显差别(P0.05);两组并发症发生率差异无统计学意义(P0.05);手术前两组患者的PSQI和SDS评分差异无统计学意义(P0.05),但乳晕弧形切口组的术后PSQI和SDS评分低于乳房放射状切口组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论经乳晕弧形切口切除乳腺纤维腺瘤疗效确切,能减少术中出血量,使患者获得较好的美容效果。     

超声引导下麦默通微创旋切系统在乳腺病灶诊治中的应用(附1761例报告)

目的探讨超声引导下麦默通(Mammotome)微创旋切系统在乳腺病灶诊治中的应用价值。方法从2007年9月至2009年8月本科室对1761例3665处乳腺病灶在超声引导下进行Mammotome微创旋切术,通过病理检查和随访,评价其对乳腺病灶的诊治效果,总结临床经验。结果采用Mammotome微创手术,所有病灶均成功彻底切除。乳腺病灶长径为0.5～2.3cm,平均切除时间为10min(5～25min),平均出血量为8ml,皮肤伤口微小,仅3～5mm。无严重并发症。结论采用超声引导下Mammotome微创旋切技术切除乳腺病灶,具有损伤小、操作简单、快捷、美观效果,安全可行。     

超声引导下mammotome微创旋切乳腺肿块42例分析

目的:探讨mammotome微创旋切手术对乳房肿块的诊断和治疗价值。方法:对42例68处乳腺肿块进行了超声引导下mammotome微创旋切术,评价其诊断和治疗效果。结果:40处乳腺病灶为乳腺纤维腺瘤,19处为乳腺纤维腺瘤形成趋势,7处为乳腺腺病,2处术中诊断为乳腺囊肿,术后病理为纤维脂肪组织。67处病灶被切除,1处纤维腺瘤术中出血终止手术。1例单发纤维腺瘤处术后并发严重出血,1例术中机械故障顺利排除。皮肤切口3mm,每个病灶平均旋切28次,手术时间平均为30分钟。B超随访1~6个月无复发。结论:超声引导下mammotome微创旋切手术对乳腺良性病灶能明确诊断且切除彻底,皮肤疤痕小,美容效果好。     

真空辅助旋切系统在乳腺肿块微创活检中的应用

目的探讨真空辅助旋切系统在乳腺肿块微创活检中的应用价值。方法对行乳腺肿块微创切除活检术的294例乳房肿块患者(均为女性)进行回顾性分析。结果 14例(4.8%)乳腺可疑病灶病理确诊为恶性,280例(95.2%)患者的乳腺可疑病灶为良性病变。14例恶性病灶者均直接行乳腺癌改良根治术,平均随访12(9～16)个月,患者的患侧胸壁均未发现局部复发病灶。280例良性病灶患者肿块均完全切除,术后平均随访9(6～12)个月,在原可疑病灶处均未发现病灶残留或复发。结论真空辅助旋切系统进行乳腺肿块切除活检准确、可靠,并为下一步治疗提供病理依据,活检良性者可达到肿块完全切除,降低了良性肿块癌变的风险,因此可作为乳腺肿块切除活检首选方法之一。     

超声引导下Mammotome微创旋切系统在诊治乳腺良性病灶中的应用

目的 探讨超声引导下Mammotome微创旋切系统对乳腺良性病灶的应用价值.方法 对435例856处乳腺病灶进行超声引导下Mammotome微创旋切术,通过病理检查与随访评价其对乳腺病灶的诊治效果.结果 Mammotome微创手术成功率达100%.每个肿物的平均切除时间为15min,平均旋切次数18次,肿物长径(1.5±1.0)cm,皮肤伤口微小,仅3～5mm.无严重并发症.结论 超声引导下的Mammotome微创旋切系统对乳腺良性病灶成功进行微创切除术,其操作简单,准确,安全,损伤小,美观效果好,是一项值得推广的乳腺微创技术.     

Ultrasound-guided excision of nonpalpable malignant soft tissue tumors of the abdomen

The use of intraoperative ultrasound to guide the excision of sonographically visible but nonpalpable lesions is a newer modality. Its use in intraoperative localization of recurrent malignant soft tissue tumors has not been reported. This report describes a technique of intraoperative localization by ultrasound to guide the excision of recurrent nonpalpable malignant soft tissue tumors of the abdominal wall in two patients. Tumors of both patients were successfully localized intraoperatively by ultrasonography and excised with adequate margins. This technique leads to reduced patient discomfort and anxiety, the avoidance of organizational requirements on the day of surgery, and allows for adequate margins of resection.     

B超引导Mammotome微创旋切系统在乳腺良恶性疾病中的应用

为探讨B超引导下Mammotome微创旋切系统对乳腺良、恶性病灶的诊断与治疗的应用价值,对121例144处乳腺病灶进行了B超引导下Mammotome微创旋切术,评价其对乳腺病灶的诊治效果。121例144处乳腺病灶均被Mammotome微创旋切切除,平均旋切15次,用时30min,术后病检良性104例,其中乳腺纤维腺瘤78处,乳腺纤维腺病21处,乳腺囊性增生伴大导管扩张12处;恶性17例,其中肉瘤1例,原位癌2例,浸润癌14例。Mammotome切除标本冰冻切片检查的阴性预测值为98·1%(106/108),阳性预测值为了100·0%(15/15),1·5%的错误率。该方法伤口小、创伤小,除4例(3·3%)有轻度皮下瘀血外无其他并发症。初步研究结果提示,B超引导Mammotome微创旋切系统于乳腺良恶性疾病具有较高的诊断价值,可以替代常规手术作为乳腺良性肿瘤和可疑病灶的一种治疗方法。     

B超引导Mammotome微创旋切系统在乳腺良恶性疾病中的应用

为探讨B超引导下Mammotome微创旋切系统对乳腺良、恶性病灶的诊断与治疗的应用价值,对121例144处乳腺病灶进行了B超引导下Mammotome微创旋切术,评价其对乳腺病灶的诊治效果.121例144处乳腺病灶均被Mammotome微创旋切切除,平均旋切15次,用时30min,术后病检良性104例,其中乳腺纤维腺瘤78处,乳腺纤维腺病21处,乳腺囊性增生伴大导管扩张12处;恶性17例,其中肉瘤1例,原位癌2例,浸润癌14例.Mammotome切除标本冰冻切片检查的阴性预测值为98.1%（106/108）,阳性预测值为了100.0%（15/15）,1.5%的错误率.该方法伤口小、创伤小,除4例（3.3%）有轻度皮下瘀血外无其他并发症.初步研究结果提示,B超引导Mammotome微创旋切系统于乳腺良恶性疾病具有较高的诊断价值,可以替代常规手术作为乳腺良性肿瘤和可疑病灶的一种治疗方法.     

Intraoperative ultrasound is an effective and preferable technique to localize non-palpable breast tumors

Introduction

Non-palpable breast tumors represent an increasing management problem in modern Breast Units. Therefore, a simple and accurate procedure to localize these lesions is needed. To date, the most commonly used technique is wire localization, but there are some disadvantages.

Methods

We conducted a prospective study on patients with malignant or benign non-palpable breast tumors who were surgically treated and underwent intraoperative ultrasound (IOUS) from May 2006 to June 2007. Margins of excision were inked and specifically assessed by the pathologist, and were considered positive if ≤1 mm.

Results

There were 77 patients (60 malignant and 17 benign lesions), with a median age of 54 years (36–87), and a median diameter of 9 mm (4–17). All lesions were correctly identified and localized by IOUS, and free margins of excision were obtained in 75/77 cases (97%). Only two patients required a re-excision, one for multifocal disease and one for margins of excision of 1 mm. In the remaining cases, the median distance from the tumor to the closest margins of excision, with exclusion of the posterior (fascial) and anterior (skin) margins, was 1.3 cm (0.3–3.2).

Conclusions

IOUS is a simple and accurate procedure that can be used to identify most non-palpable breast tumors, and has many advantages over the more commonly used wire-localization technique.     

The radiological excision of high risk and malignant lesions using the INTACT breast lesion excision system. A case series with an imaging follow up of at least 5 years

Purpose

To evaluate the efficacy of a BLES procedure as a primary excisional biopsy rather than a surgical wide local excision for treatment of a high risk or a malignant lesion.

Methods

41 patients underwent a BLES procedure in order to attempt to remove a small breast lesion using a 15 mm or 20 mm wand from August 2007 to January 2009. The lesions were either proven on prior core biopsy to show high risk or malignant pathology or were considered to be indeterminate or suspicious on ultrasound or mammography. The pathology was reviewed to include the final status of lesion excision. If margin involvement was demonstrated then a formal surgical excision was subsequently recommended. Follow up mammography or ultrasound was performed annually in patients following the final pathological diagnosis.

Results

9 patients had a primary diagnosis of atypia (columnar cell change with atypia or atypical ductal hyperplasia (ADH)), 23 patients had ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) and 9 had an invasive carcinoma (IC) at the original BLES pathology. Clear BLES margins of >1 mm were obtained in 3/9 atypia lesions, 15/23 DCIS and 0/9 IC. 12/13 low grade DCIS were completely excised. Subsequent surgical margin excisions were undertaken in 20 patients. After at least 5 years of follow up (mean 66 months), 1 lesion had recurred on imaging.

Conclusion

A BLES excision has potential as an alternative technique to traditional surgical wide local excision in the management of certain small breast lesions with high risk and low grade malignant potential.     

Ultrasound-guided lumpectomy of nonpalpable breast cancers: A feasibility study looking at the accuracy of obtained margins.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Complete excision of a nonpalpable breast cancer after wire localization is a difficult procedure. Often, adequate margins are not obtained, and a second procedure is then required. Prospectively, we studied the feasibility of ultrasound-guided excisions of nonpalpable breast cancers, with particular attention to the accuracy of the procedure in obtaining adequate margins. METHODS: Prospectively, 19 patients with 20 mammographically detected nonpalpable, highly suspect, breast tumors were entered in this feasibility study. In 15 of these, the diagnosis of invasive malignancy was established preoperatively. All patients underwent ultrasound-guided excision with the intent to obtain adequate margins. We also reviewed our own experience with the excision of nonpalpable breast cancers after wire localization. RESULTS: Of the 20 excisions with ultrasound guidance, there were 19 carcinomas and 1 ductal carcinoma in situ. Of the 19 carcinomas, 17 (89%) were excised with adequate margins. Of the 43 carcinomas that were excised after wire localization, only 17 (40%) had been resected with adequate margins. CONCLUSIONS: Ultrasound-guided excision appears to be a reliable procedure for obtaining adequate margins in the resection of nonpalpable breast cancers. Other advantages of this procedure are increased patient comfort and decrease in operating room time.     

Current status of ultrasound-guided surgery in the treatment of breast cancer

The primary goal of breast-conserving surgery (BCS) is to obtain tumour-free resection margins. Margins positive or focally positive for tumour cells are associated with a high risk of local recurrence, and in the case of tumour-positive margins, re-excision or even mastectomy are sometimes needed to achieve definite clear margins. Unfortunately, tumour-involved margins and re-excisions after lumpectomy are still reported in up to 40% of patients and additionally, unnecessary large excision volumes are described. A secondary goal of BCS is the cosmetic outcome and one of the main determinants of worse cosmetic outcome is a large excision volume. Up to 30% of unsatisfied cosmetic outcome is reported. Therefore, the search for better surgical techniques to improve margin status, excision volume and consequently, cosmetic outcome has continued. Nowadays, the most commonly used localization methods for BCS of non-palpable breast cancers are wire-guided localization (WGL) and radio-guided localization (RGL). WGL and RGL are invasive procedures that need to be performed pre-operatively with technical and scheduling difficulties. For palpable breast cancer, tumour excision is usually guided by tactile skills of the surgeon performing “blind” surgery. One of the surgical techniques pursuing the aims of radicality and small excision volumes includes intra-operative ultrasound (IOUS). The best evidence available demonstrates benefits of IOUS with a significantly high proportion of negative margins compared with other localization techniques in palpable and non-palpable breast cancer. Additionally, IOUS is non-invasive, easy to learn and can centralize the tumour in the excised specimen with low amount of healthy breast tissue being excised. This could lead to better cosmetic results of BCS. Despite the advantages of IOUS, only a small amount of surgeons are performing this technique. This review aims to highlight the position of ultrasound-guided surgery for malignant breast tumours in the search for better oncological and cosmetic outcomes.     

Validation of a technique using microbubbles and contrast enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) to biopsy sentinel lymph nodes (SLN) in pre-operative breast cancer patients with a normal grey-scale axillary ultrasound

Background

In patients with breast cancer, grey-scale ultrasound often fails to identify lymph node (LN) metastases. We aimed to validate the technique of contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) as a test to identify sentinel lymph node (SLN) metastases and reduce the numbers of patients requiring a completion axillary node clearance (ANC).

Methods

371 patients with breast cancer and a normal axillary ultrasound were recruited. Patients received periareolar intra-dermal injection of microbubble contrast agent. Breast lymphatics were visualised by CEUS and followed to identify and biopsy axillary SLN. Patients then underwent standard tumour excision and either SLN excision (benign biopsy) or axillary clearance (malignant biopsy) with subsequent histopathological analysis.

Results

The technique failed in 46 patients, 6 patients had indeterminate biopsy results and 24 patients were excluded. In 295 patients with a conclusive SLN biopsy, the sensitivity of the technique was 61% and specificity 100%. Given a benign SLN biopsy result, the post-test probability that a patient had SLN metastases was 8%. 35 patients were found to have SLN metastases and had a primary ANC (29 macrometastases and 6 micrometastases/ITC). There were 22 false negative results (10 macrometastases and 12 micrometastases). Macrometastases in core biopsy specimens correlated with LN macrometastases on surgical excision.

Conclusion

Pre-operative biopsy of SLN reduced the numbers of patients requiring completion ANC. Despite the low sensitivity, only 22 patients (8%) with a benign SLN biopsy were subsequently found to have LN metastases. Without the confirmation of macrometastases on core biopsy specimens, patients with micrometastases/ITC may be inadvertently selected for primary ANC.